Index: languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/anarchism1.consensus.txt =================================================================== --- languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/anarchism1.consensus.txt (nonexistent) +++ languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/anarchism1.consensus.txt (revision 80623) @@ -0,0 +1,382 @@ +^Anarchists/Anarchist$ +^participated/participate$ +^alongside/alongside$ +^the/the$ +^Bolsheviks/*Bolsheviks$ +^in/in$ +^both/both$ +^February/February$ +^and/and$ +^October/October$ +^revolutions/revolution$ +^,/,$ +^many/many$ +^anarchists/anarchist$ +^initially/initially$ +^supporting/support$ +^the/the$ +^Bolshevik/*Bolshevik$ +^coup/coup$ +^./.$ +^However/However$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Bolsheviks/*Bolsheviks$ +^soon/soon$ +^turned/turn$ +^against/against$ +^the/the$ +^anarchists/anarchist$ +^and/and$ +^other/other$ +^left-wing/left-wing$ +^opposition/opposition$ +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^conflict/conflict$ +^that/that$ +^culminated/culminate$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^1921/1921$ +^Kronstadt/*Kronstadt$ +^rebellion/rebellion$ +^./.$ +^Anarchists/Anarchist$ +^in/in$ +^central/central$ +^Russia/Russia$ +^were/be$ +^either/either$ +^imprisoned/imprison$ +^,/,$ +^driven/drive$ +^underground/underground$ +^or/or$ +^joined/join$ +^the/the$ +^victorious/victorious$ +^Bolsheviks/*Bolsheviks$ +^./.$ +^In/In$ +^the/the$ +^Ukraine/Ukraine$ +^,/,$ +^anarchists/anarchist$ +^fought/fight$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^civil/civil$ +^war/war$ +^against/against$ +^Whites/White$ +^and/and$ +^then/then$ +^the/the$ +^Bolsheviks/*Bolsheviks$ +^as/as$ +^part/part$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Revolutionary/Revolutionary$ +^Insurrectionary/*Insurrectionary$ +^Army/Army$ +^of/of$ +^Ukraine/Ukraine$ +^led/lead$ +^by/by$ +^Nestor/Nestor$ +^Makhno/*Makhno$ +^,/,$ +^who/who$ +^attempted/attempt$ +^to/to$ +^establish/establish$ +^an/a$ +^anarchist/anarchist$ +^society/society$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^region/region$ +^for/for$ +^a/a$ +^number/number$ +^of/of$ +^months/month$ +^./.$ +^The/The$ +^victory/victory$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Bolsheviks/*Bolsheviks$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^October/October$ +^Revolution/Revolution$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^resulting/resulting$ +^Russian/russian$ +^Civil/civil$ +^War/war$ +^did/do$ +^serious/serious$ +^damage/damage$ +^to/to$ +^anarchist/anarchist$ +^movements/movement$ +^internationally/internationally$ +^./.$ +^Many/many$ +^workers/worker$ +^and/and$ +^activists/activist$ +^saw/see$ +^Bolshevik/*Bolshevik$ +^success/success$ +^as/as$ +^setting/set$ +^an/a$ +^example/example$ +^;/;$ +^Communist/Communist$ +^parties/party$ +^grew/grow$ +^at the expense of/at the expense of$ +^anarchism/anarchism$ +^and/and$ +^other/other$ +^socialist/socialist$ +^movements/movement$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^France/France$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^US/US$ +^,/,$ +^for example/for example$ +^,/,$ +^certain/certain$ +^members/member$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^major/major$ +^syndicalist/syndicalist$ +^movements/movement$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^CGT/*CGT$ +^and/and$ +^IWW/IWW$ +^left/leave$ +^the/the$ +^organizations/organisation$ +^and/and$ +^joined/join$ +^the/the$ +^Communist/Communist$ +^International/International$ +^./.$ +^In/In$ +^Spain/Spain$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^CNT/*CNT$ +^initially/initially$ +^refused/refuse$ +^to/to$ +^join/join$ +^a/a$ +^popular front/popular front$ +^electoral/electoral$ +^alliance/alliance$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^abstention/abstention$ +^by/by$ +^CNT/*CNT$ +^supporters/supporter$ +^led/lead$ +^to/to$ +^a/a$ +^right/right$ +^wing/wing$ +^election/election$ +^victory/victory$ +^./.$ +^But/But$ +^in/in$ +^1936/1936$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^CNT/*CNT$ +^changed/change$ +^its/its$ +^policy/policy$ +^and/and$ +^anarchist/anarchist$ +^votes/vote$ +^helped/help$ +^bring/bring$ +^the/the$ +^popular front/popular front$ +^back/back$ +^to/to$ +^power/power$ +^./.$ +^Months/Month$ +^later/later$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^former/former$ +^ruling/ruling$ +^class/class$ +^responded/respond$ +^with/with$ +^an/a$ +^attempted/attempt$ +^coup/coup$ +^causing/cause$ +^the/the$ +^Spanish/spanish$ +^Civil/Civil$ +^War/War$ +^(/($ +^1936/1936$ +^–/–$ +^1939/1939$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ +^In/In$ +^response/response$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^army/army$ +^rebellion/rebellion$ +^,/,$ +^an/a$ +^anarchist/anarchist$ +^-/-$ +^inspired/inspire$ +^movement/movement$ +^of/of$ +^peasants/peasant$ +^and/and$ +^workers/worker$ +^,/,$ +^supported/support$ +^by/by$ +^armed/armed$ +^militias/militia$ +^,/,$ +^took/take$ +^control/control$ +^of/of$ +^Barcelona/Barcelona$ +^and/and$ +^of/of$ +^large/large$ +^areas/area$ +^of/of$ +^rural/rural$ +^Spain/Spain$ +^where/where$ +^they/prpers$ +^collectivised/*collectivised$ +^the/the$ +^land/land$ +^./.$ +^But/But$ +^even/even$ +^before/before$ +^the/the$ +^fascist/fascist$ +^victory/victory$ +^in/in$ +^1939/1939$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^anarchists/anarchist$ +^were/be$ +^losing/lose$ +^ground/ground$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^bitter/bitter$ +^struggle/struggle$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^Stalinists/*Stalinists$ +^,/,$ +^who/who$ +^controlled/control$ +^the/the$ +^distribution/distribution$ +^of/of$ +^military/military$ +^aid/aid$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^Republican/Republican$ +^cause/cause$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^Soviet Union/Soviet$ +^./.$ +^According to/According to$ +^George/George$ +^Orwell/*Orwell$ +^and/and$ +^other/other$ +^foreign/foreign$ +^observers/observer$ +^,/,$ +^Stalinist/*Stalinist$ +^-/-$ +^led/lead$ +^troops/troop$ +^suppressed/suppress$ +^the/the$ +^collectives/*collectives$ +^and/and$ +^persecuted/persecute$ +^both/both$ +^dissident/dissident$ +^Marxists/Marxist$ +^and/and$ +^anarchists/anarchist$ +^./.$ +^Phenomena/*Phenomena$ +^such as/such as$ +^civilisation/civilisation$ +^,/,$ +^technology/technology$ +^(/($ +^e.g./e.g.$ +^within/within$ +^anarcho-primitivism/anarcho-primitivism$ +^and/and$ +^insurrectionary/*insurrectionary$ +^anarchism/anarchism$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^democratic/democratic$ +^process/process$ +^may/may$ +^be/be$ +^sharply/sharply$ +^criticised/criticise$ +^within/within$ +^some/some$ +^anarchist/anarchist$ +^tendencies/tendency$ +^and/and$ +^simultaneously/simultaneously$ +^lauded/*lauded$ +^in/in$ +^others/others$ +^./.$ Index: languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/animism1.consensus.txt =================================================================== --- languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/animism1.consensus.txt (nonexistent) +++ languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/animism1.consensus.txt (revision 80623) @@ -0,0 +1,535 @@ +^From/From$ +^the/the$ +^belief/belief$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^survival/survival$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^dead/dead$ +^arose/arise$ +^the/the$ +^practice/practice$ +^of/of$ +^offering/offer$ +^food/food$ +^,/,$ +^lighting/light$ +^fires/fire$ +^,/,$ +^etc./etc.$ +^,/,$ +^at/at$ +^the/the$ +^grave/grave$ +^,/,$ +^at first/at first$ +^,/,$ +^maybe/maybe$ +^,/,$ +^as/as$ +^an/a$ +^act/act$ +^of/of$ +^friendship/friendship$ +^or/or$ +^filial/filial$ +^piety/*piety$ +^,/,$ +^later/later$ +^as/as$ +^an/a$ +^act/act$ +^of/of$ +^ancestor/ancestor$ +^worship/worship$ +^./.$ +^The/The$ +^simple/simple$ +^offering/offering$ +^of/of$ +^food/food$ +^or/or$ +^shedding/shedding$ +^of/of$ +^blood/blood$ +^at/at$ +^the/the$ +^grave/grave$ +^develops/develop$ +^into/into$ +^an/a$ +^elaborate/elaborate$ +^system/system$ +^of/of$ +^sacrifice/sacrifice$ +^./.$ +^Even/Even$ +^where/where$ +^ancestor/ancestor$ +^worship/worship$ +^is/be$ +^not/not$ +^found/find$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^desire/desire$ +^to/to$ +^provide/provide$ +^the/the$ +^dead/dead$ +^with/with$ +^comforts/comfort$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^future/future$ +^life/life$ +^may/may$ +^lead/lead$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^sacrifice/sacrifice$ +^of/of$ +^wives/wife$ +^,/,$ +^slaves/slave$ +^,/,$ +^animals/animal$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^so/so$ +^on/on$ +^,/,$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^breaking/break$ +^or/or$ +^burning/burn$ +^of/of$ +^objects/object$ +^at/at$ +^the/the$ +^grave/grave$ +^or/or$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^provision/provision$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^ferryman/*ferryman$ +^'s/'s$ +^toll/toll$ +^:/:$ +^a/a$ +^coin/coin$ +^put/put$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^mouth/mouth$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^corpse/corpse$ +^to/to$ +^pay/pay$ +^the/the$ +^traveling/travelling$ +^expenses/expense$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^soul/soul$ +^./.$ +^But/But$ +^all/all$ +^is/be$ +^not/not$ +^finished/finish$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^passage/passage$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^soul/soul$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^land/land$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^dead/dead$ +^./.$ +^The/The$ +^soul/soul$ +^may/may$ +^return/return$ +^to/to$ +^avenge/avenge$ +^its/its$ +^death/death$ +^by/by$ +^helping/help$ +^to/to$ +^discover/discover$ +^the/the$ +^murderer/murderer$ +^,/,$ +^or/or$ +^to/to$ +^wreak/*wreak$ +^vengeance/vengeance$ +^for/for$ +^itself/itself$ +^./.$ +^There/There$ +^is/be$ +^a/a$ +^widespread/widespread$ +^belief/belief$ +^that/that$ +^those who/those who$ +^die/die$ +^a/a$ +^violent/violent$ +^death/death$ +^become/become$ +^malignant/malignant$ +^spirits/spirit$ +^and/and$ +^endanger/*endanger$ +^the/the$ +^lives/life$ +^of/of$ +^those who/those who$ +^come/come$ +^near/near$ +^the/the$ +^haunted/haunted$ +^spot/spot$ +^./.$ +^In/In$ +^Malay/malay$ +^folklore/folklore$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^woman/woman$ +^who/who$ +^dies/die$ +^in/in$ +^childbirth/childbirth$ +^becomes/become$ +^a/a$ +^pontianak/*pontianak$ +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^vampire-like/vampire-like$ +^spirit/spirit$ +^who/who$ +^threatens/threaten$ +^the/the$ +^life/life$ +^of/of$ +^human beings/human being$ +^./.$ +^People/Person$ +^resort to/resort# to$ +^magical/magical$ +^or/or$ +^religious/religious$ +^means/means$ +^of/of$ +^repelling/repel$ +^spiritual/spiritual$ +^dangers/danger$ +^from/from$ +^such/such$ +^malignant/malignant$ +^spirits/spirit$ +^./.$ +^The/The$ +^practice/practice$ +^of/of$ +^head/head$ +^shrinking/shrinking$ +^among/among$ +^Jivaroan/*Jivaroan$ +^and/and$ +^Urarina/*Urarina$ +^peoples/peoples$ +^derives/derive$ +^from/from$ +^an/a$ +^animistic/*animistic$ +^belief/belief$ +^that/that$ +^if/if$ +^the/the$ +^spirit/spirit$ +^of/of$ +^one/one$ +^'s/'s$ +^mortal/mortal$ +^enemies/enemy$ +^,/,$ +^i.e./i.e.$ +^the/the$ +^nemesis/*nemesis$ +^of/of$ +^one/one$ +^'s/'s$ +^being/being$ +^,/,$ +^are/be$ +^not/not$ +^trapped/trap$ +^within/within$ +^the/the$ +^head/head$ +^,/,$ +^they/prpers$ +^can/can$ +^escape/escape$ +^slain/*slain$ +^bodies/body$ +^./.$ +^After/After$ +^the/the$ +^spirit/spirit$ +^transmigrates/*transmigrates$ +^to/to$ +^another/another$ +^body/body$ +^,/,$ +^they/prpers$ +^can/can$ +^take/take$ +^the/the$ +^form/form$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^predatory/predatory$ +^animal/animal$ +^and/and$ +^even/even$ +^exact/exact$ +^revenge/revenge$ +^./.$ +^However/However$ +^,/,$ +^many/many$ +^mythologies/mythology$ +^focus/focus$ +^largely/largely$ +^on/on$ +^corporeal/*corporeal$ +^beings/being$ +^rather than/rather than$ +" +^spiritual/spiritual$ +" +^ones/one$ +^;/;$ +^the/the$ +^latter/latter$ +^may/may$ +^even/even$ +^be/be$ +^entirely/entirely$ +^absent/absent$ +^./.$ +^Stories/Story$ +^of/of$ +^transformation/transformation$ +^,/,$ +^deluge/deluge$ +^and/and$ +^doom/doom$ +^myths/myth$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^myths/myth$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^origin/origin$ +^of/of$ +^death/death$ +^do/do$ +^not/not$ +^necessarily/necessarily$ +^have/have$ +^any/any$ +^animistic/*animistic$ +^basis/basis$ +^./.$ +^The/The$ +^term/term$ +" +^animism/animism$ +" +^has/have$ +^been/be$ +^applied/apply$ +^to/to$ +^many/many$ +^different/different$ +^philosophical/philosophical$ +^systems/system$ +^./.$ +^It/Prpers$ +^is used to/be# used to$ +^describe/describe$ +^Aristotle/Aristotle$ +^'s/'s$ +^view/view$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^relation/relation$ +^of/of$ +^soul/soul$ +^and/and$ +^body/body$ +^held/hold$ +^also/also$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Stoics/*Stoics$ +^and/and$ +^Scholastics/*Scholastics$ +^./.$ +^On the other hand/On the other hand$ +^monadology/*monadology$ +^(/($ +^Leibniz/Leibniz$ +^)/)$ +^has/have$ +^also/also$ +^been/be$ +^termed/term$ +^animistic/*animistic$ +^./.$ +^The/The$ +^name/name$ +^is/be$ +^most/most$ +^commonly/commonly$ +^applied/apply$ +^to/to$ +^vitalism/*vitalism$ +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^view/view$ +^mainly/mainly$ +^associated/associate$ +^with/with$ +^Georg/Georg$ +^Ernst/Ernst$ +^Stahl/Stahl$ +^and/and$ +^revived/revive$ +^by/by$ +^F./F.$ +^Bouillier/*Bouillier$ +^(/($ +^1813/1813$ +^-/-$ +^1899/1899$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^makes/make$ +^life/life$ +^,/,$ +^or/or$ +^life/life$ +^and/and$ +^mind/mind$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^directive/directive$ +^principle/principle$ +^in/in$ +^evolution/evolution$ +^and/and$ +^growth/growth$ +^,/,$ +^holding/hold$ +^that/that$ +^all/all$ +^cannot/can+not$ +^be/be$ +^traced back/trace# back$ +^to/to$ +^chemical/chemical$ +^and/and$ +^mechanical/mechanical$ +^processes/process$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^that/that$ +^there/there$ +^is/be$ +^a/a$ +^directive/directive$ +^force/force$ +^which/which$ +^guides/guide$ +^energy/energy$ +^without/without$ +^altering/alter$ +^its/its$ +^amount/amount$ +^./.$ +^An/A$ +^entirely/entirely$ +^different/different$ +^class/class$ +^of/of$ +^ideas/idea$ +^,/,$ +^also/also$ +^termed/term$ +^animistic/*animistic$ +^,/,$ +^is/be$ +^the/the$ +^belief/belief$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^world/world$ +^soul/soul$ +^(/($ +^anima/*anima$ +^mundi/*mundi$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^held/hold$ +^by/by$ +^Plato/Plato$ +^,/,$ +^Schelling/*Schelling$ +^and/and$ +^others/others$ +^./.$ +^There/There$ +^are/be$ +^some/some$ +^Hindu/*Hindu$ +^groups/group$ +^which/which$ +^may/may$ +^be/be$ +^considered/consider$ +^animist/*animist$ +^./.$ +^The/The$ +^coastal/coastal$ +^Karnataka/*Karnataka$ +^has/have$ +^a/a$ +^different/different$ +^tradition/tradition$ +^of/of$ +^praying/pray$ +^the/the$ +^spirits/spirit$ +^for/for$ +^their/their$ +^good/good$ +^./.$ Index: languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/atoms1.consensus.txt =================================================================== --- languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/atoms1.consensus.txt (nonexistent) +++ languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/atoms1.consensus.txt (revision 80623) @@ -0,0 +1,385 @@ +^In/In$ +^chemistry/chemistry$ +^and/and$ +^physics/physics$ +^,/,$ +^atomic/atomic$ +^theory/theory$ +^is/be$ +^a/a$ +^theory/theory$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^nature/nature$ +^of/of$ +^matter/matter$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^states/state$ +^that/that$ +^matter/matter$ +^is/be$ +^composed/compose$ +^of/of$ +^discrete/discrete$ +^units/unit$ +^called/call$ +^atoms/atom$ +^,/,$ +^as/as$ +^opposed/oppose$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^obsolete/obsolete$ +^notion/notion$ +^that/that$ +^matter/matter$ +^could/can$ +^be/be$ +^divided/divide$ +^into/into$ +^any/any$ +^arbitrarily/arbitrarily$ +^small/small$ +^quantity/quantity$ +^./.$ + +^It/Prpers$ +^began/begin$ +^as a/as a$ +^philosophical/philosophical$ +^concept/concept$ +^in/in$ +^ancient/ancient$ +^Greece/Greece$ +^and/and$ +^India/India$ +^and/and$ +^entered/enter$ +^the/the$ +^scientific/scientific$ +^mainstream/mainstream$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^early/early$ +^19th century/19th century$ +^when/when$ +^discoveries/discovery$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^field/field$ +^of/of$ +^chemistry/chemistry$ +^showed/show$ +^that/that$ +^matter/matter$ +^did/do$ +^indeed/indeed$ +^behave/*behave$ +^as if/as if$ +^it/prpers$ +^were/be$ +^made up/make# up$ +^of/of$ +^particles/particle$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^planetary/planetary$ +^model/model$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^atom/atom$ +^had/have$ +^two/two$ +^significant/significant$ +^shortcomings/shortcoming$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^first/first$ +^is/be$ +^that/that$ +^,/,$ +^unlike/unlike$ +^planets/planet$ +^orbiting/orbit$ +^a/a$ +^sun/sun$ +^,/,$ +^electrons/electron$ +^are/be$ +^charged/charge$ +^particles/particle$ +^./.$ + +^An/A$ +^accelerating/accelerate$ +^electric/electric$ +^charge/charge$ +^is/be$ +^known/know$ +^to/to$ +^emit/emit$ +^electromagnetic/electromagnetic$ +^waves/wave$ +^according to/according to$ +^the/the$ +^Larmor/Larmor$ +^formula/formula$ +^in/in$ +^classical/classical$ +^electromagnetism/electromagnetism$ +^;/;$ +^an/a$ +^orbiting/orbit$ +^charge/charge$ +^should/should$ +^steadily/steadily$ +^lose/lose$ +^energy/energy$ +^and/and$ +^spiral/spiral$ +^towards/towards$ +^the/the$ +^nucleus/nucleus$ +^,/,$ +^colliding/collide$ +^with/with$ +^it/prpers$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^small/small$ +^fraction/fraction$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^second/second$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^second/second$ +^problem/problem$ +^was/be$ +^that/that$ +^the/the$ +^planetary/planetary$ +^model/model$ +^could/can$ +^not/not$ +^explain/explain$ +^the/the$ +^highly/highly$ +^peaked/*peaked$ +^emission/emission$ +^and/and$ +^absorption/absorption$ +^spectra/*spectra$ +^of/of$ +^atoms/atom$ +^that/that$ +^were/be$ +^observed/observe$ +^./.$ + +^Bohr/Bohr$ +^'s/'s$ +^model/model$ +^was/be$ +^not/not$ +^perfect/perfect$ +^./.$ + +^It/Prpers$ +^could/can$ +^only/only$ +^predict/predict$ +^the/the$ +^spectral/spectral$ +^lines/line$ +^of/of$ +^hydrogen/hydrogen$ +^;/;$ +^it/prpers$ +^couldn't/can+not$ +^predict/predict$ +^those/that$ +^of/of$ +^multielectron/*multielectron$ +^atoms/atom$ +^./.$ + +^Worse/Bad$ +^still/still$ +^,/,$ +^as/as$ +^spectrographic/spectrographic$ +^technology/technology$ +^improved/improve$ +^,/,$ +^additional/additional$ +^spectral/spectral$ +^lines/line$ +^in/in$ +^hydrogen/hydrogen$ +^were/be$ +^observed/observe$ +^which/which$ +^Bohr/Bohr$ +^'s/'s$ +^model/model$ +^couldn't/can+not$ +^explain/explain$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^1916/1916$ +^,/,$ +^Arnold/Arnold$ +^Sommerfeld/*Sommerfeld$ +^added/add$ +^elliptical/elliptical$ +^orbits/orbit$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^Bohr/Bohr$ +^model/model$ +^to/to$ +^explain/explain$ +^the/the$ +^extra/extra$ +^emission/emission$ +^lines/line$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^this/this$ +^made/make$ +^the/the$ +^model/model$ +^very/very$ +^difficult/difficult$ +^to/to$ +^use/use$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^it/prpers$ +^still/still$ +^couldn't/can+not$ +^explain/explain$ +^more/more$ +^complex/complex$ +^atoms/atom$ +^./.$ + +^A/A$ +^consequence/consequence$ +^of/of$ +^describing/describe$ +^electrons/electron$ +^as/as$ +^waveforms/*waveforms$ +^is/be$ +^that/that$ +^it/prpers$ +^is/be$ +^mathematically/mathematically$ +^impossible/impossible$ +^to/to$ +^simultaneously/simultaneously$ +^derive/derive$ +^the/the$ +^position/position$ +^and/and$ +^momentum/momentum$ +^of/of$ +^an/a$ +^electron/electron$ +^;/;$ +^this/this$ +^became/become$ +^known/know$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^uncertainty/uncertainty$ +^principle/principle$ +^./.$ + +^This/This$ +^invalidated/invalidate$ +^Bohr/Bohr$ +^'s/'s$ +^model/model$ +^,/,$ +^with/with$ +^its/its$ +^neat/neat$ +^,/,$ +^clearly/clearly$ +^defined/define$ +^circular/circular$ +^orbits/orbit$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^modern/modern$ +^model/model$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^atom/atom$ +^describes/describe$ +^the/the$ +^positions/position$ +^of/of$ +^electrons/electron$ +^in/in$ +^an/a$ +^atom/atom$ +^in/in$ +^terms/term$ +^of/of$ +^probabilities/probability$ +^./.$ + +^An/A$ +^electron/electron$ +^can/can$ +^potentially/potentially$ +^be/be$ +^found/find$ +^at/at$ +^any/any$ +^distance/distance$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^nucleus/nucleus$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^,/,$ +^depending on/depend# on$ +^its/its$ +^energy/energy$ +^level/level$ +^,/,$ +^tends/tend$ +^to/to$ +^exist/exist$ +^more/more$ +^frequently/frequently$ +^in/in$ +^certain/certain$ +^regions/region$ +^around/around$ +^the/the$ +^nucleus/nucleus$ +^than/than$ +^others/other$ +^;/;$ +^this/this$ +^pattern/pattern$ +^is/be$ +^referred/refer$ +^to/to$ +^as/as$ +^its/its$ +^atomic/atomic$ +^orbital/orbital$ +^./.$ Index: languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/belize1.consensus.txt =================================================================== --- languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/belize1.consensus.txt (nonexistent) +++ languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/belize1.consensus.txt (revision 80623) @@ -0,0 +1,1167 @@ +^British/british$ +^Honduras/Honduras$ +^faced/face$ +^two/two$ +^obstacles/obstacle$ +^to/to$ +^independence/independence$ +^:/:$ +^British/british$ +^reluctance/*reluctance$ +^until/until$ +^the/the$ +^early/early$ +^1960s/1960s$ +^to/to$ +^allow/allow$ +^citizens/citizen$ +^to/to$ +^govern/govern$ +^themselves/themselves$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^'s/'s$ +^complete/complete$ +^intransigence/*intransigence$ +^over/over$ +^its/its$ +^long/long$ +^-/-$ +^standing/stand$ +^claim/claim$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^entire/entire$ +^territory/territory$ +^(/($ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^had/have$ +^repeatedly/repeatedly$ +^threatened/threaten$ +^to/to$ +^use/use$ +^force/force$ +^to/to$ +^take/take$ +^over/over$ +^British/British$ +^Honduras/Honduras$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^By/By$ +^1961/1961$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^United Kingdom/United Kingdom$ +^was/be$ +^willing/willing$ +^to/to$ +^let/let$ +^the/the$ +^colony/colony$ +^become/become$ +^independent/independent$ +^./.$ + +^From/From$ +^1964/1964$ +^the/the$ +^UK/UK$ +^controlled/control$ +^only/only$ +^defence/defence$ +^,/,$ +^foreign/foreign$ +^affairs/affair$ +^,/,$ +^internal/internal$ +^security/security$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^terms/term$ +^and/and$ +^conditions/condition$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^public/public$ +^service/service$ +^./.$ + +^On/On$ +^1/1$ +^June/June$ +^1973/1973$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^colony/colony$ +^'s/'s$ +^name/name$ +^was/be$ +^changed/change$ +^to/to$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^in/in$ +^anticipation/anticipation$ +^of/of$ +^independence/independence$ +^./.$ + +^After/After$ +^1975/1975$ +^the/the$ +^UK/UK$ +^allowed/allow$ +^the/the$ +^colonial/colonial$ +^government/government$ +^to/to$ +^internationalise/*internationalise$ +^its/its$ +^case/case$ +^for/for$ +^independence/independence$ +^,/,$ +^so/so$ +^Belizeans/*Belizeans$ +^participated/participate$ +^in/in$ +^international/international$ +^diplomacy/diplomacy$ +^even/even$ +^before/before$ +^the/the$ +^area/area$ +^became/become$ +^a/a$ +^sovereign/sovereign$ +^nation/nation$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^stalemate/stalemate$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^protracted/*protracted$ +^negotiations/negotiation$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^UK/UK$ +^and/and$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^over/over$ +^the/the$ +^future/future$ +^status/status$ +^of/of$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^led/lead$ +^Belizeans/*Belizeans$ +^to/to$ +^seek/seek$ +^the/the$ +^international community/international community$ +^'s/'s$ +^assistance/assistance$ +^in/in$ +^resolving/resolve$ +^issues/issue$ +^associated/associate$ +^with/with$ +^independence/independence$ +^./.$ + +^Even/Even$ +^after/after$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^became/become$ +^independent/independent$ +^in/in$ +^1981/1981$ +^,/,$ +^however/however$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^territorial/territorial$ +^dispute/dispute$ +^remained/remain$ +^unsettled/*unsettled$ +^./.$ + + +^The/The$ +^territorial/territorial$ +^dispute/dispute$ +^'s/'s$ +^origins/origin$ +^lay/lay$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^18th/18$ +^-/-$ +^century/century$ +^treaties/treaty$ +^in/in$ +^which/which$ +^Great Britain/Great Britain$ +^acceded/*acceded$ +^to/to$ +^Spain/Spain$ +^'s/'s$ +^assertion/assertion$ +^of/of$ +^sovereignty/sovereignty$ +^while/while$ +^British/british$ +^settlers/*settlers$ +^continued/continue$ +^to/to$ +^occupy/occupy$ +^the/the$ +^sparsely/*sparsely$ +^settled/settle$ +^and/and$ +^ill-defined/ill-defined$ +^area/area$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^1786/1786$ +^Convention/Convention$ +^of/of$ +^London/London$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^affirmed/affirm$ +^Spanish/spanish$ +^sovereignty/sovereignty$ +^was/be$ +^never/never$ +^renegotiated/renegotiate$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^Spain/Spain$ +^never/never$ +^attempted/attempt$ +^to/to$ +^reclaim/*reclaim$ +^the/the$ +^area/area$ +^after/after$ +^1798/1798$ +^./.$ + +^Subsequent/Subsequent$ +^treaties/treaty$ +^between/between$ +^Britain/Britain$ +^and/and$ +^Spain/Spain$ +^failed/fail$ +^to/to$ +^mention/mention$ +^the/the$ +^British/british$ +^settlement/settlement$ +^./.$ + +^By/By$ +^the/the$ +^time/time$ +^Spain/Spain$ +^lost/lose$ +^control/control$ +^of/of$ +^Mexico/Mexico$ +^and/and$ +^Central America/Central America$ +^in/in$ +^1821/1821$ +^,/,$ +^Britain/Britain$ +^had/have$ +^extended/extend$ +^its/its$ +^control/control$ +^over/over$ +^the/the$ +^area/area$ +^,/,$ +^albeit/*albeit$ +^informally/informally$ +^and/and$ +^unsystematically/*unsystematically$ +^./.$ + +^By/By$ +^the/the$ +^1830s/1830s$ +^,/,$ +^Britain/Britain$ +^regarded/regard$ +^the/the$ +^entire/entire$ +^territory/territory$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^Hondo/*Hondo$ +^River/River$ +^and/and$ +^Sarstoon/*Sarstoon$ +^River/River$ +^as/as$ +^British/british$ +^./.$ + + +^The/The$ +^independent/independent$ +^republics/republic$ +^that/that$ +^emerged/emerge$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^disintegrating/disintegrate$ +^Spanish/spanish$ +^Empire/Empire$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^1820s/1820s$ +^claimed/claim$ +^that/that$ +^they/prpers$ +^had/have$ +^inherited/inherit$ +^Spain/Spain$ +^'s/'s$ +^sovereign/sovereign$ +^rights/right$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^area/area$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^UK/UK$ +^,/,$ +^however/however$ +^,/,$ +^never/never$ +^accepted/accept$ +^such a/such a$ +^doctrine/doctrine$ +^./.$ + +^Based/Base$ +^on/on$ +^this/this$ +^doctrine/doctrine$ +^of/of$ +^inheritance/inheritance$ +^,/,$ +^Mexico/Mexico$ +^and/and$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^asserted/assert$ +^claims/claim$ +^to/to$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^./.$ + +^Mexico/Mexico$ +^once/once$ +^claimed/claim$ +^the/the$ +^portion/portion$ +^of/of$ +^British/British$ +^Honduras/Honduras$ +^north/north$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Sibun/*Sibun$ +^River/River$ +^but/but$ +^dropped/drop$ +^the/the$ +^claim/claim$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^treaty/treaty$ +^with/with$ +^Britain/Britain$ +^in/in$ +^1893/1893$ +^./.$ + +^Since then/Since then$ +^,/,$ +^Mexico/Mexico$ +^has/have$ +^stated/state$ +^that/that$ +^it/prpers$ +^would/would$ +^revive/revive$ +^the/the$ +^claim/claim$ +^only/only$ +^if/if$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^were/be$ +^successful/successful$ +^in/in$ +^obtaining/obtain$ +^all/all$ +^or/or$ +^part/part$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^nation/nation$ +^./.$ + +^Still/Still$ +^,/,$ +^Mexico/Mexico$ +^was/be$ +^the/the$ +^first/first$ +^nation/nation$ +^to/to$ +^recognise/recognise$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^as/as$ +^an/a$ +^independent/independent$ +^country/country$ +^./.$ + + +^At/At$ +^the/the$ +^centre/centre$ +^of/of$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^'s/'s$ +^oldest/old$ +^claim/claim$ +^was/be$ +^the/the$ +^1859/1859$ +^treaty/treaty$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^United Kingdom/United Kingdom$ +^and/and$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^./.$ + +^From/From$ +^Britain/Britain$ +^'s/'s$ +^viewpoint/viewpoint$ +^,/,$ +^this/this$ +^treaty/treaty$ +^merely/merely$ +^settled/settle$ +^the/the$ +^boundaries/boundary$ +^of/of$ +^an/a$ +^area/area$ +^already/already$ +^under/under$ +^British/british$ +^dominion/*dominion$ +^./.$ + +^Today/Today$ +^'s/'s$ +^independent/independent$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^government/government$ +^holds/hold$ +^the/the$ +^viewpoint/viewpoint$ +^that/that$ +^treaties/treaty$ +^signed/sign$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^UK/UK$ +^are/be$ +^not/not$ +^binding/binding$ +^on/on$ +^them/prpers$ +^,/,$ +^that/that$ +^the/the$ +^International/International$ +^Court/Court$ +^of/of$ +^Justice/Justice$ +^'s/'s$ +^precedent/precedent$ +^is/be$ +^that/that$ +^the/the$ +^1859/1859$ +^treaty/treaty$ +^is/be$ +^binding/binding$ +^on/on$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^unless/unless$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^can/can$ +^firmly/firmly$ +^prove/prove$ +^the/the$ +^1859/1859$ +^treaty/treaty$ +^was/be$ +^forced/force$ +^upon/upon$ +^them/prpers$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^UK/UK$ +^,/,$ +^that/that$ +^international/international$ +^law/law$ +^says/say$ +^any/any$ +^breaches/breach$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^1859/1859$ +^treaty/treaty$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^UK/UK$ +^would/would$ +^not/not$ +^excuse/excuse$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^'s/'s$ +^breaches/breach$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^UK/UK$ +^never/never$ +^made/make$ +" +^material/material$ +^breaches/breach$ +^,/,$ +" +^that/that$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^never/never$ +^inherited/inherit$ +^Spain/Spain$ +^'s/'s$ +^claim/claim$ +^because/because$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^never/never$ +^occupied/occupy$ +^that/that$ +^part/part$ +^of/of$ +^Spain/Spain$ +^'s/'s$ +^New World/New World$ +^colonies/colony$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^right/right$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^people/person$ +^to/to$ +^self-determination/self-determination$ +^./.$ + + +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^,/,$ +^in/in$ +^opposition/opposition$ +^to/to$ +^both/both$ +^the/the$ +^UK/UK$ +^and/and$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^positions/position$ +^,/,$ +^has/have$ +^an/a$ +^older/old$ +^view/view$ +^that/that$ +^this/this$ +^agreement/agreement$ +^was/be$ +^a/a$ +^treaty/treaty$ +^of/of$ +^cession/cession$ +^through/through$ +^which/which$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^would/would$ +^give up/give# up$ +^its/its$ +^territorial/territorial$ +^claims/claim$ +^only/only$ +^under/under$ +^certain/certain$ +^conditions/condition$ +^,/,$ +^including/include$ +^the/the$ +^construction/construction$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^road/road$ +^from/from$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^Caribbean/Caribbean$ +^coast/coast$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^UK/UK$ +^never/never$ +^built/build$ +^the/the$ +^road/road$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^said/say$ +^it/prpers$ +^would/would$ +^repudiate/repudiate$ +^the/the$ +^treaty/treaty$ +^in/in$ +^1884/1884$ +^but/but$ +^never/never$ +^followed/follow$ +^up/up$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^threat/threat$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^dispute/dispute$ +^appeared/appear$ +^to/to$ +^have/have$ +^been/be$ +^forgotten/forget$ +^until/until$ +^the/the$ +^1930s/1930s$ +^,/,$ +^when/when$ +^the/the$ +^government/government$ +^of/of$ +^General/General$ +^Jorge/Jorge$ +^Ubico/*Ubico$ +^claimed/claim$ +^that/that$ +^the/the$ +^treaty/treaty$ +^was/be$ +^invalid/invalid$ +^because/because$ +^the/the$ +^road/road$ +^had/have$ +^not/not$ +^been/be$ +^constructed/construct$ +^./.$ + +^Britain/Britain$ +^argued/argue$ +^that/that$ +^because/because$ +^neither/neither$ +^the/the$ +^short/short$ +^-/-$ +^lived/live$ +^Central/Central$ +^American/american$ +^Federation/Federation$ +^(/($ +^1821/1821$ +^–/–$ +^39/39$ +^)/)$ +^nor/nor$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^had/have$ +^ever/ever$ +^exercised/exercise$ +^any/any$ +^authority/authority$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^area/area$ +^or/or$ +^even/even$ +^protested/protest$ +^the/the$ +^British/british$ +^presence/presence$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^19th century/19th century$ +^,/,$ +^British/British$ +^Honduras/Honduras$ +^was/be$ +^clearly/clearly$ +^under/under$ +^British/british$ +^sovereignty/sovereignty$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^its/its$ +^constitution/constitution$ +^of/of$ +^1945/1945$ +^,/,$ +^however/however$ +^,/,$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^stated/state$ +^that/that$ +^British/British$ +^Honduras/Honduras$ +^was/be$ +^the/the$ +^twenty/twenty$ +^-/-$ +^third/third$ +^department/department$ +^of/of$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^(/($ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^'s/'s$ +^newest/new$ +^claim/claim$ +^on/on$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^in/in$ +^1999/1999$ +^,/,$ +^however/however$ +^,/,$ +^makes/make$ +^no/no$ +^mention/mention$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^1859/1859$ +^treaty/treaty$ +^,/,$ +^instead/instead$ +^relying/rely$ +^on/on$ +^Anglo/Anglo$ +^-/-$ +^Spanish/spanish$ +^treaties/treaty$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^18th century/18th century$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ + + +^In/In$ +^February/February$ +^1948/1948$ +^,/,$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^threatened/threaten$ +^to/to$ +^invade/invade$ +^and/and$ +^forcibly/*forcibly$ +^annexe/annexe$ +^the/the$ +^territory/territory$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^British/British$ +^responded/respond$ +^by/by$ +^deploying/deploy$ +^two/two$ +^companies/company$ +^from/from$ +^2nd/2$ +^Battalion/*Battalion$ +^Gloucestershire/*Gloucestershire$ +^Regiment/Regiment$ +^./.$ + +^One/One$ +^company/company$ +^deployed/deploy$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^border/border$ +^and/and$ +^found/find$ +^no/no$ +^signs/sign$ +^of/of$ +^any/any$ +^Guatemalan/guatemalan$ +^incursion/incursion$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^the/the$ +^British/British$ +^decided/decide$ +^to/to$ +^permanently/permanently$ +^station/station$ +^a/a$ +^company/company$ +^in/in$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^City/City$ +^./.$ + +^Since/Since$ +^1954/1954$ +^a/a$ +^succession/succession$ +^of/of$ +^military/military$ +^and/and$ +^right-wing/right-wing$ +^governments/government$ +^in/in$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^frequently/frequently$ +^whipped/*whipped$ +^up/up$ +^nationalist/nationalist$ +^sentiment/*sentiment$ +^,/,$ +^generally/generally$ +^to/to$ +^divert/divert$ +^attention/attention$ +^from/from$ +^domestic/domestic$ +^problems/problem$ +^./.$ + +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^also/also$ +^periodically/periodically$ +^massed/mass$ +^troops/troop$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^border/border$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^country/country$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^threatening/threatening$ +^posture/posture$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^1957/1957$ +^,/,$ +^responding/respond$ +^to/to$ +^a/a$ +^Guatemalan/guatemalan$ +^threat/threat$ +^to/to$ +^invade/invade$ +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^company/company$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Worcesteshire/*Worcesteshire$ +^Regiment/Regiment$ +^was/be$ +^deployed/deploy$ +^,/,$ +^staying/stay$ +^briefly/briefly$ +^and/and$ +^carrying/carry$ +^out/out$ +^jungle/jungle$ +^training/training$ +^before/before$ +^leaving/leave$ +^./.$ + +^On/On$ +^21/21$ +^January/January$ +^1958/1958$ +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^force/force$ +^of/of$ +^pro/*pro$ +^-/-$ +^Guatemalan/guatemalan$ +^fighters/fighter$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^Liberation/*Liberation$ +^Army/Army$ +^,/,$ +^who/who$ +^had/have$ +^likely/likely$ +^been/be$ +^aided/*aided$ +^and/and$ +^encouraged/encourage$ +^by/by$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^,/,$ +^crossed/cross$ +^the/the$ +^border/border$ +^and/and$ +^raised/raise$ +^the/the$ +^British/british$ +^flag/flag$ +^./.$ + +^A/A$ +^British/british$ +^platoon/*platoon$ +^was/be$ +^then/then$ +^deployed/deploy$ +^and/and$ +^exchanged/exchange$ +^fire/fire$ +^with/with$ +^them/prpers$ +^,/,$ +^before/before$ +^arresting/arrest$ +^some/some$ +^20/20$ +^fighters/fighter$ +^./.$ + + +^Negotiations/Negotiation$ +^between/between$ +^Britain/Britain$ +^and/and$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^began/begin$ +^again/again$ +^in/in$ +^1961/1961$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^the/the$ +^elected/elect$ +^representatives/representative$ +^of/of$ +^British/British$ +^Honduras/Honduras$ +^had/have$ +^no/no$ +^voice/voice$ +^in/in$ +^these/this$ +^talks/talk$ +^./.$ + +^George/George$ +^Price/Price$ +^refused/refuse$ +^an/a$ +^invitation/invitation$ +^from/from$ +^Guatemalan/guatemalan$ +^President/President$ +^Ydígoras/*Ydígoras$ +^Fuentes/*Fuentes$ +^to/to$ +^make/make$ +^British/British$ +^Honduras/Honduras$ +^an/a$ +" +^associated/associate$ +^state/state$ +" +^of/of$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^./.$ + +^Price/Price$ +^reiterated/reiterate$ +^his/his$ +^goal/goal$ +^of/of$ +^leading/lead$ +^the/the$ +^colony/colony$ +^to/to$ +^independence/independence$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^1963/1963$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^broke/break$ +^off/off$ +^talks/talk$ +^and/and$ +^ended/end$ +^diplomatic/diplomatic$ +^relations/relation$ +^with/with$ +^Britain/Britain$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^1965/1965$ +^Britain/Britain$ +^and/and$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^agreed to/agree# to$ +^have/have$ +^a/a$ +^United States/United States$ +^lawyer/lawyer$ +^,/,$ +^appointed/appoint$ +^by/by$ +^United States/United States$ +^President/President$ +^Lyndon/*Lyndon$ +^Johnson/Johnson$ +^,/,$ +^mediate/mediate$ +^the/the$ +^dispute/dispute$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^lawyer/lawyer$ +^'s/'s$ +^draft/draft$ +^treaty/treaty$ +^proposed/propose$ +^giving/give$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^so much/so much$ +^control/control$ +^over/over$ +^the/the$ +^newly/newly$ +^independent/independent$ +^country/country$ +^,/,$ +^including/include$ +^internal/internal$ +^security/security$ +^,/,$ +^defence/defence$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^external/external$ +^affairs/affair$ +^,/,$ +^that/that$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^would/would$ +^have/have$ +^become/become$ +^more/more$ +^dependent/dependent$ +^on/on$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^than/than$ +^it/prpers$ +^was/be$ +^already/already$ +^on/on$ +^Britain/Britain$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^United States/United States$ +^supported/support$ +^the/the$ +^proposals/proposal$ +^./.$ + +^All/All$ +^parties/party$ +^in/in$ +^British/British$ +^Honduras/Honduras$ +^,/,$ +^however/however$ +^,/,$ +^denounced/denounce$ +^the/the$ +^proposals/proposal$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^Price/Price$ +^seized/seize$ +^the/the$ +^initiative/initiative$ +^by/by$ +^demanding/demand$ +^independence/independence$ +^from/from$ +^Britain/Britain$ +^with/with$ +^appropriate/appropriate$ +^defence/defence$ +^guarantees/guarantee$ +^./.$ Index: languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/belize2.consensus.txt =================================================================== --- languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/belize2.consensus.txt (nonexistent) +++ languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/belize2.consensus.txt (revision 80623) @@ -0,0 +1,846 @@ +^A/A$ +^series/series$ +^of/of$ +^meetings/meeting$ +^,/,$ +^begun/begin$ +^in/in$ +^1969/1969$ +^,/,$ +^ended/end$ +^abruptly/abruptly$ +^in/in$ +^1972/1972$ +^when/when$ +^Britain/Britain$ +^announced/announce$ +^it/prpers$ +^was/be$ +^sending/send$ +^an/a$ +^aircraft carrier/aircraft carrier$ +^and/and$ +^8,000/8,000$ +^troops/troop$ +^to/to$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^to/to$ +^conduct/conduct$ +^amphibious/amphibious$ +^exercises/exercise$ +^./.$ + +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^then/then$ +^massed/mass$ +^troops/troop$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^border/border$ +^./.$ + +^Talks/Talk$ +^resumed/*resumed$ +^between/between$ +^1973/1973$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^broke/break$ +^off/off$ +^in/in$ +^1975/1975$ +^when/when$ +^tensions/tension$ +^flared/flared$ +^./.$ + +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^began/begin$ +^massing/mass$ +^troops/troop$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^border/border$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^Britain/Britain$ +^responded/respond$ +^by/by$ +^deploying/deploy$ +^troops/troop$ +^,/,$ +^along with/along with$ +^an/a$ +^artillery/artillery$ +^battery/battery$ +^,/,$ +^anti-aircraft/anti-aircraft$ +^missile/missile$ +^units/unit$ +^,/,$ +^six/six$ +^fighter jets/fighter jet$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^a/a$ +^frigate/frigate$ +^,/,$ +^after/after$ +^which/which$ +^tensions/tension$ +^were/be$ +^defused/*defused$ +^,/,$ +^largely/largely$ +^as a result of/as a result of$ +^many/many$ +^Guatemalan/guatemalan$ +^soldiers/soldier$ +^deserting/desert$ +^and/and$ +^returning/return$ +^to/to$ +^their/their$ +^homes/home$ +^./.$ +^At this point/At this point$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Belizean/*Belizean$ +^and/and$ +^British/british$ +^governments/government$ +^,/,$ +^frustrated/frustrate$ +^at/at$ +^dealing with/deal# with$ +^the/the$ +^military/military$ +^-/-$ +^dominated/dominate$ +^regimes/regime$ +^in/in$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^,/,$ +^agreed/agree$ +^on/on$ +^a/a$ +^new/new$ +^strategy/strategy$ +^that/that$ +^would/would$ +^take/take$ +^the/the$ +^case/case$ +^for/for$ +^self-determination/self-determination$ +^to/to$ +^various/various$ +^international/international$ +^forums/forum$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^government/government$ +^felt/feel$ +^that/that$ +^by/by$ +^gaining/gain$ +^international/international$ +^support/support$ +^,/,$ +^it/prpers$ +^could/can$ +^strengthen/strengthen$ +^its/its$ +^position/position$ +^,/,$ +^weaken/weaken$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^'s/'s$ +^claims/claim$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^make/make$ +^it/prpers$ +^harder/hard$ +^for/for$ +^Britain/Britain$ +^to/to$ +^make/make$ +^any/any$ +^concessions/concession$ +^./.$ + +^Belize/Belize$ +^argued/argue$ +^that/that$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^frustrated/frustrate$ +^the/the$ +^country/country$ +^'s/'s$ +^legitimate/legitimate$ +^aspirations/aspiration$ +^to/to$ +^independence/independence$ +^and/and$ +^that/that$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^was/be$ +^pushing/push$ +^an/a$ +^irrelevant/irrelevant$ +^claim/claim$ +^and/and$ +^disguising/disguise$ +^its/its$ +^own/own$ +^colonial/colonial$ +^ambitions/ambition$ +^by/by$ +^trying/try$ +^to/to$ +^present/present$ +^the/the$ +^dispute/dispute$ +^as/as$ +^an/a$ +^effort/effort$ +^to/to$ +^recover/recover$ +^territory/territory$ +^lost/lose$ +^to/to$ +^a/a$ +^colonial/colonial$ +^power/power$ +^./.$ + +^Between/Between$ +^1975/1975$ +^and/and$ +^1981/1981$ +^,/,$ +^Belizean/*Belizean$ +^leaders/leader$ +^stated/state$ +^their/their$ +^case/case$ +^for/for$ +^self-determination/self-determination$ +^at/at$ +^a/a$ +^meeting/meeting$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^heads/head$ +^of/of$ +^Commonwealth/*Commonwealth$ +^of/of$ +^Nations/Nation$ +^governments/government$ +^in/in$ +^Jamaica/Jamaica$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^conference/conference$ +^of/of$ +^ministers/minister$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Nonaligned/*Nonaligned$ +^Movement/Movement$ +^in/in$ +^Peru/Peru$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^at/at$ +^meetings/meeting$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^United Nations/United Nations$ +^(/($ +^UN/UN$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^support/support$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Nonaligned/*Nonaligned$ +^Movement/Movement$ +^proved/prove$ +^crucial/crucial$ +^and/and$ +^assured/assure$ +^success/success$ +^at/at$ +^the/the$ +^UN/UN$ +^./.$ +^Latin American/Latin American$ +^governments/government$ +^initially/initially$ +^supported/support$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^./.$ + +^Cuba/Cuba$ +^,/,$ +^however/however$ +^,/,$ +^was/be$ +^the/the$ +^first/first$ +^Latin/latin$ +^country/country$ +^,/,$ +^in/in$ +^December/December$ +^1975/1975$ +^,/,$ +^to/to$ +^support/support$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^UN/UN$ +^vote/vote$ +^that/that$ +^affirmed/affirm$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^'s/'s$ +^right/right$ +^to/to$ +^self-determination/self-determination$ +^,/,$ +^independence/independence$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^territorial/territorial$ +^integrity/integrity$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^outgoing/*outgoing$ +^Mexican/mexican$ +^president/president$ +^,/,$ +^Luis/Luis$ +^Echeverría/*Echeverría$ +^,/,$ +^indicated/indicate$ +^that/that$ +^Mexico/Mexico$ +^would/would$ +^appeal/appeal$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^Security/Security$ +^Council/Council$ +^to/to$ +^prevent/prevent$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^'s/'s$ +^designs/design$ +^on/on$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^from/from$ +^threatening/threaten$ +^peace/peace$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^area/area$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^1977/1977$ +^,/,$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^made/make$ +^further/further$ +^moves/move$ +^against/against$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^was/be$ +^deterred/deter$ +^from/from$ +^invading/invade$ +^,/,$ +^especially/especially$ +^since/since$ +^British/british$ +^fighter jets/fighter jet$ +^had/have$ +^by/by$ +^then/then$ +^been/be$ +^permanently/permanently$ +^stationed/*stationed$ +^there/there$ +^./.$ + +^From/From$ +^1977/1977$ +^onward/*onward$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^border/border$ +^was/be$ +^constantly/constantly$ +^patrolled/*patrolled$ +^and/and$ +^observation/observation$ +^posts/post$ +^to/to$ +^monitor/monitor$ +^key points/key point$ +^./.$ + +^1976/1976$ +^president/president$ +^Omar/Omar$ +^Torrijos/*Torrijos$ +^of/of$ +^Panama/Panama$ +^began/begin$ +^campaigning/campaign$ +^for/for$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^'s/'s$ +^cause/cause$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^in/in$ +^1979/1979$ +^the/the$ +^Sandinista/*Sandinista$ +^government/government$ +^in/in$ +^Nicaragua/Nicaragua$ +^declared/declare$ +^unequivocal/*unequivocal$ +^support/support$ +^for/for$ +^an/a$ +^independent/independent$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^each/each$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^annual/annual$ +^votes/vote$ +^on/on$ +^this/this$ +^issue/issue$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^UN/UN$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^United States/United States$ +^abstained/abstain$ +^,/,$ +^thereby/thereby$ +^giving/give$ +^the/the$ +^Guatemalan/guatemalan$ +^government/government$ +^some/some$ +^hope/hope$ +^that/that$ +^it/prpers$ +^would/would$ +^retain/retain$ +^United States/United States$ +^backing/back$ +^./.$ + +^Finally/Finally$ +^,/,$ +^in/in$ +^November/November$ +^1980/1980$ +^,/,$ +^with/with$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^completely/completely$ +^isolated/isolate$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^UN/UN$ +^passed/pass$ +^a/a$ +^resolution/resolution$ +^that/that$ +^demanded/demand$ +^the/the$ +^independence/independence$ +^of/of$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^,/,$ +^with/with$ +^all/all$ +^its/its$ +^territory/territory$ +^intact/intact$ +^,/,$ +^before/before$ +^the/the$ +^next/next$ +^session/session$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^UN/UN$ +^in/in$ +^1981/1981$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^UN/UN$ +^called/call$ +^on/on$ +^Britain/Britain$ +^to/to$ +^continue/continue$ +^defending/defend$ +^the/the$ +^new/new$ +^nation/nation$ +^of/of$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^./.$ + +^It/Prpers$ +^also/also$ +^called/call$ +^on/on$ +^all/all$ +^member/member$ +^countries/country$ +^to/to$ +^offer/offer$ +^their/their$ +^assistance/assistance$ +^./.$ + +^A/A$ +^last/last$ +^attempt/attempt$ +^was/be$ +^made/make$ +^to/to$ +^reach/reach$ +^an/a$ +^agreement/agreement$ +^with/with$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^prior to/prior to$ +^the/the$ +^independence/independence$ +^of/of$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Belizean/*Belizean$ +^representatives/representative$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^talks/talk$ +^made/make$ +^no/no$ +^concessions/concession$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^a/a$ +^proposal/proposal$ +^,/,$ +^called/call$ +^the/the$ +^Heads/Head$ +^of/of$ +^Agreement/Agreement$ +^,/,$ +^was/be$ +^initialled/*initialled$ +^on/on$ +^11/11$ +^March/March$ +^1981/1981$ +^./.$ + +^However/However$ +^,/,$ +^when/when$ +^far/far$ +^right/right$ +^political/political$ +^forces/force$ +^in/in$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^labelled/label$ +^the/the$ +^proposals/proposal$ +^as a/as a$ +^sell-out/sell-out$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Guatemalan/guatemalan$ +^government/government$ +^refused/refuse$ +^to/to$ +^ratify/ratify$ +^the/the$ +^agreement/agreement$ +^and/and$ +^withdrew/withdraw$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^negotiations/negotiation$ +^./.$ + +^Meanwhile/Meanwhile$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^opposition/opposition$ +^in/in$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^engaged/engage$ +^in/in$ +^violent/violent$ +^demonstrations/demonstration$ +^against/against$ +^the/the$ +^Heads/Head$ +^of/of$ +^Agreement/Agreement$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^demonstrations/demonstration$ +^resulted/result$ +^in/in$ +^four/four$ +^deaths/death$ +^,/,$ +^many/many$ +^injuries/injury$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^damage/damage$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^property/property$ +^of/of$ +^PUP/PUP$ +^leaders/leader$ +^and/and$ +^their/their$ +^families/family$ +^./.$ + +^A/A$ +^state/state$ +^of/of$ +^emergency/emergency$ +^was/be$ +^declared/declare$ +^./.$ + +^However/However$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^opposition/opposition$ +^could/can$ +^offer/offer$ +^no/no$ +^real/real$ +^alternatives/alternative$ +^./.$ + +^With/With$ +^the/the$ +^prospect/prospect$ +^of/of$ +^independence/independence$ +^celebrations/celebration$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^offing/*offing$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^opposition/opposition$ +^'s/'s$ +^morale/*morale$ +^fell/fall$ +^./.$ + +^Independence/Independence$ +^came/come$ +^to/to$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^on/on$ +^21/21$ +^September/September$ +^1981/1981$ +^,/,$ +^without/without$ +^reaching/reach$ +^an/a$ +^agreement/agreement$ +^with/with$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^./.$ + +^Britain/Britain$ +^continued/continue$ +^to/to$ +^maintain/maintain$ +^a/a$ +^deterrent/*deterrent$ +^force/force$ +^in/in$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^(/($ +^British/british$ +^Forces/Force$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^)/)$ +^to/to$ +^protect/protect$ +^it/prpers$ +^from/from$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^,/,$ +^consisting of/consist# of$ +^an/a$ +^army/army$ +^battalion/*battalion$ +^and/and$ +^No. 1417/No. 1417$ +^Flight/Flight$ +^RAF/RAF$ +^of/of$ +^Harrier/Harrier$ +^fighter jets/fighter jet$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^British/British$ +^also/also$ +^trained/train$ +^and/and$ +^strengthened/strengthen$ +^the/the$ +^newly/newly$ +^formed/form$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^Defence/Defence$ +^Force/Force$ +^./.$ + +^There/There$ +^was/be$ +^a/a$ +^serious/serious$ +^fear/fear$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^Guatemalan/guatemalan$ +^invasion/invasion$ +^in/in$ +^April/April$ +^1982/1982$ +^,/,$ +^when/when$ +^it/prpers$ +^was/be$ +^thought/think$ +^that/that$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^might/might$ +^take advantage of/take# advantage of$ +^the/the$ +^Falklands/Falklands$ +^War/War$ +^to/to$ +^invade/invade$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^these/this$ +^fears/fear$ +^never/never$ +^materialised/materialise$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^1994/1994$ +^,/,$ +^three/three$ +^years/year$ +^after/after$ +^Guatemala/Guatemala$ +^recognised/recognise$ +^Belizean/*Belizean$ +^independence/independence$ +^,/,$ +^British/british$ +^Forces/Force$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^was/be$ +^disbanded/*disbanded$ +^and/and$ +^most/most$ +^British/british$ +^troops/troop$ +^left/leave$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^the/the$ +^British/British$ +^maintained/maintain$ +^a/a$ +^training/training$ +^presence/presence$ +^via/via$ +^the/the$ +^British/british$ +^Army/Army$ +^Training/Training$ +^and/and$ +^Support/Support$ +^Unit/Unit$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^and/and$ +^25/25$ +^Flight/Flight$ +^Army/Army$ +^Air/Air$ +^Corps/Corps$ +^until/until$ +^2011/2011$ +^,/,$ +^when/when$ +^the/the$ +^last/last$ +^British/british$ +^forces/force$ +^,/,$ +^except for/except for$ +^seconded/second$ +^advisers/adviser$ +^,/,$ +^left/leave$ +^Belize/Belize$ +^./.$ + Index: languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/bessarabia2.consensus.txt =================================================================== --- languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/bessarabia2.consensus.txt (nonexistent) +++ languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/bessarabia2.consensus.txt (revision 80623) @@ -0,0 +1,1304 @@ +^The/The$ +^main/main$ +^dynasty/dynasty$ +^of/of$ +^Wallachia/*Wallachia$ +^was called/be# called$ +^Basarab/*Basarab$ +^,/,$ +^from/from$ +^which/which$ +^the/the$ +^current/current$ +^name/name$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^region/region$ +^originated/originate$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^the/the$ +^15th century/15th century$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^entire/entire$ +^region/region$ +^was/be$ +^a/a$ +^part/part$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^principality/principality$ +^of/of$ +^Moldavia/*Moldavia$ +^./.$ + +^Stephen/Stephen$ +^the/the$ +^Great/Great$ +^ruled/rule$ +^between/between$ +^1457/1457$ +^and/and$ +^1504/1504$ +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^period/period$ +^of/of$ +^nearly/nearly$ +^50/50$ +^years/year$ +^during/during$ +^which/which$ +^he/prpers$ +^won/win$ +^32/32$ +^battles/battle$ +^defending/defend$ +^his/his$ +^country/country$ +^against/against$ +^virtually/virtually$ +^all/all$ +^his/his$ +^neighbours/neighbour$ +^(/($ +^mainly/mainly$ +^the/the$ +^Ottomans/*Ottomans$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Tatars/*Tatars$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^also/also$ +^the/the$ +^Hungarians/*Hungarians$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Poles/Pole_person$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^while/while$ +^losing/lose$ +^only/only$ +^two/two$ +^./.$ + +^During/During$ +^this/this$ +^period/period$ +^,/,$ +^after/after$ +^each/each$ +^victory/victory$ +^,/,$ +^he/prpers$ +^raised/raise$ +^a/a$ +^monastery/monastery$ +^or/or$ +^a/a$ +^church/church$ +^close/close$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^battlefield/*battlefield$ +^honouring/*honouring$ +^Christianity/Christianity$ +^./.$ + +^Many/Many$ +^of/of$ +^these/this$ +^battlefields/*battlefields$ +^and/and$ +^churches/church$ +^,/,$ +^as well as/as well as$ +^old/old$ +^fortresses/fortress$ +^,/,$ +^are/be$ +^situated/situate$ +^in/in$ +^Bessarabia/*Bessarabia$ +^(/($ +^mainly/mainly$ +^along/along$ +^the/the$ +^Dniester/*Dniester$ +^River/River$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^Between/Between$ +^1711/1711$ +^and/and$ +^1812/1812$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Russian/russian$ +^Empire/Empire$ +^occupied/occupy$ +^the/the$ +^region/region$ +^five/five$ +^times/time$ +^during/during$ +^its/its$ +^wars/war$ +^against/against$ +^Ottoman/*Ottoman$ +^and/and$ +^Austrian/austrian$ +^Empires/Empire$ +^./.$ + +^Between/Between$ +^1812/1812$ +^and/and$ +^1846/1846$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Bulgarian/bulgarian$ +^and/and$ +^Gagauz/*Gagauz$ +^population/population$ +^migrated/migrate$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^Russian/russian$ +^Empire/Empire$ +^via/via$ +^the/the$ +^River/River$ +^Danube/*Danube$ +^,/,$ +^after/after$ +^living/live$ +^many/many$ +^years/year$ +^under/under$ +^oppressive/*oppressive$ +^Ottoman/*Ottoman$ +^rule/rule$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^settled/settle$ +^in/in$ +^southern/southern$ +^Bessarabia/*Bessarabia$ +^./.$ + +^Turkic/*Turkic$ +^-/-$ +^speaking/speak$ +^tribes/tribe$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Nogai/*Nogai$ +^horde/horde$ +^also/also$ +^inhabited/inhabit$ +^the/the$ +^Budjak/*Budjak$ +^Region/Region$ +^of/of$ +^southern/southern$ +^Bessarabia/*Bessarabia$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^16th/16$ +^to/to$ +^18th/18$ +^centuries/century$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^were/be$ +^totally/totally$ +^driven/drive$ +^out/out$ +^prior to/prior to$ +^1812/1812$ +^./.$ + +^By/By$ +^the/the$ +^Treaty/Treaty$ +^of/of$ +^Adrianople/*Adrianople$ +^that/that$ +^concluded/conclude$ +^the/the$ +^Russo/*Russo$ +^-/-$ +^Turkish/turkish$ +^War/War$ +^of/of$ +^1828/1828$ +^-/-$ +^1829/1829$ +^the/the$ +^entire/entire$ +^Danube/*Danube$ +^delta/delta$ +^of/of$ +^was/be$ +^added/add$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^Bessarabian/*Bessarabian$ +^oblast/*oblast$ +^./.$ + +^At the end of/At the end of$ +^the/the$ +^Crimean/*Crimean$ +^War/War$ +^,/,$ +^in/in$ +^1856/1856$ +^,/,$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Treaty/Treaty$ +^of/of$ +^Paris/Paris$ +^,/,$ +^two/two$ +^districts/district$ +^of/of$ +^southern/southern$ +^Bessarabia/*Bessarabia$ +^were/be$ +^returned/return$ +^to/to$ +^Moldavia/*Moldavia$ +^,/,$ +^causing/cause$ +^the/the$ +^Russian/russian$ +^Empire/Empire$ +^to/to$ +^lose/lose$ +^access/access$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^Danube/*Danube$ +^river/river$ +^./.$ + +^After/After$ +^the/the$ +^1905/1905$ +^Russian/russian$ +^Revolution/Revolution$ +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^Romanian/Romanian$ +^nationalist/nationalist$ +^movement/movement$ +^started/start$ +^to/to$ +^develop/develop$ +^in/in$ +^Bessarabia/*Bessarabia$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^the/the$ +^chaos/chaos$ +^brought/bring$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Russian/russian$ +^revolution/revolution$ +^of/of$ +^October/October$ +^1917/1917$ +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^National/National$ +^Council/Council$ +^(/($ +^Sfatul/*Sfatul$ +^Ţării/*Ţării$ +^)/)$ +^was/be$ +^established/establish$ +^in/in$ +^Bessarabia/*Bessarabia$ +^,/,$ +^with/with$ +^120/120$ +^members/member$ +^elected/elect$ +^from/from$ +^Bessarabia/*Bessarabia$ +^by/by$ +^some/some$ +^political/political$ +^and/and$ +^professional/professional$ +^organisations/organisation$ +^and/and$ +^10/10$ +^elected/elect$ +^from/from$ +^Transnistria/*Transnistria$ +^(/($ +^the/the$ +^left/left$ +^bank/bank$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Dniester/*Dniester$ +^River/River$ +^where/where$ +^Moldovans/*Moldovans$ +^and/and$ +^Romanians/*Romanians$ +^accounted/*accounted$ +^for/for$ +^less than/less than$ +^a/a$ +^third/third$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^majority/majority$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^population/population$ +^was/be$ +^Ukrainian/ukrainian$ +^./.$ + +^On/On$ +^the/the$ +^11th/11$ +^May/May$ +^,/,$ +^1919/1919$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Bessarabian/*Bessarabian$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^Socialist/Socialist$ +^Republic/Republic$ +^was/be$ +^proclaimed/proclaim$ +^as/as$ +^an/a$ +^autonomous/autonomous$ +^part/part$ +^of/of$ +^Russian/russian$ +^SFSR/*SFSR$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^was/be$ +^abolished/abolish$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^military/military$ +^forces/force$ +^of/of$ +^Poland/Poland$ +^and/and$ +^France/France$ +^in/in$ +^September/September$ +^1919/1919$ +^(/($ +^see/see$ +^Polish/polish$ +^-/-$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^War/War$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^After/After$ +^the/the$ +^victory/victory$ +^of/of$ +^Bolshevist/*Bolshevist$ +^Russia/Russia$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^Russian/russian$ +^Civil/Civil$ +^War/War$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Ukrainian/ukrainian$ +^SSR/*SSR$ +^was/be$ +^created/create$ +^in/in$ +^1922/1922$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^in/in$ +^1924/1924$ +^the/the$ +^Moldovan/*Moldovan$ +^Autonomous/Autonomous$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^Socialist/Socialist$ +^Republic/Republic$ +^was/be$ +^established/establish$ +^on/on$ +^a/a$ +^strip/strip$ +^of/of$ +^Ukrainian/ukrainian$ +^land/land$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^left/left$ +^bank/bank$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Dniester/*Dniester$ +^River/River$ +^where/where$ +^Moldovans/*Moldovans$ +^and/and$ +^Romanians/*Romanians$ +^accounted/*accounted$ +^for/for$ +^less than/less than$ +^a/a$ +^third/third$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^relative/relative$ +^majority/majority$ +^of/of$ +^population/population$ +^was/be$ +^Ukrainian/ukrainian$ +^./.$ + +^On/On$ +^August/August$ +^2/2$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Moldavian/*Moldavian$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^Socialist/Socialist$ +^Republic/Republic$ +^was/be$ +^established/establish$ +^on/on$ +^most of/most+of$ +^the/the$ +^territory/territory$ +^of/of$ +^Bessarabia/*Bessarabia$ +^,/,$ +^merged/merge$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^western/western$ +^parts/part$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^former/former$ +^Moldavian/*Moldavian$ +^ASSR/*ASSR$ +^./.$ + +^Bessarabia/*Bessarabia$ +^was/be$ +^divided/divide$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^Moldavian/*Moldavian$ +^SSR/*SSR$ +^(/($ +^70%/70%$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^territory/territory$ +^and/and$ +^80%/80%$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^population/population$ +^)/)$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Ukrainian/ukrainian$ +^SSR/*SSR$ +^./.$ + +^Bessarabia/*Bessarabia$ +^'s/'s$ +^northern/northern$ +^and/and$ +^southern/southern$ +^districts/district$ +^(/($ +^nowadays/nowadays$ +^Budjak/*Budjak$ +^and/and$ +^parts/part$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Chernivtsi/*Chernivtsi$ +^oblast/*oblast$ +^)/)$ +^were/be$ +^allotted/*allotted$ +^to/to$ +^Ukraine/Ukraine$ +^,/,$ +^while/while$ +^some/some$ +^territories/territory$ +^(/($ +^4,000/4,000$ +^km²/km²$ +^)/)$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^left/left$ +^(/($ +^eastern/eastern$ +^)/)$ +^bank/bank$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Dniester/*Dniester$ +^(/($ +^present/present$ +^Transnistria/*Transnistria$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^previously/previously$ +^part/part$ +^of/of$ +^Ukraine/Ukraine$ +^,/,$ +^were/be$ +^allotted/*allotted$ +^to/to$ +^Moldavia/*Moldavia$ +^./.$ + +^Following/Follow$ +^the/the$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^takeover/takeover$ +^,/,$ +^many/many$ +^Bessarabians/*Bessarabians$ +^,/,$ +^who/who$ +^were/be$ +^accused/accuse$ +^of/of$ +^supporting/support$ +^the/the$ +^deposed/depose$ +^Romanian/Romanian$ +^administration/administration$ +^,/,$ +^were/be$ +^executed/execute$ +^or/or$ +^deported/deport$ +^to/to$ +^Siberia/*Siberia$ +^and/and$ +^Kazakhstan/Kazakhstan$ +^./.$ + +^Between/Between$ +^September/September$ +^and/and$ +^November/November$ +^1940/1940$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^ethnic/ethnic$ +^Germans/German$ +^of/of$ +^Bessarabia/*Bessarabia$ +^were/be$ +^offered/offer$ +^resettlement/*resettlement$ +^to/to$ +^Germany/Germany$ +^,/,$ +^following/follow$ +^a/a$ +^German/german$ +^-/-$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^agreement/agreement$ +^./.$ + +^Fearing/Fear$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^oppression/oppression$ +^,/,$ +^almost/almost$ +^all/all$ +^Germans/German$ +^(/($ +^93,000/93,000$ +^)/)$ +^agreed/agree$ +^./.$ + +^Most of/Most+of$ +^them/prpers$ +^were/be$ +^resettled/*resettled$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^newly/newly$ +^annexed/annex$ +^Polish/polish$ +^territories/territory$ +^./.$ + +^On/On$ +^June/June$ +^22/22$ +^,/,$ +^1941/1941$ +^the/the$ +^Axis/Axis$ +^invasion/invasion$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^Union/Union$ +^commenced/commence$ +^with/with$ +^Operation/Operation$ +^Barbarossa/*Barbarossa$ +^./.$ + +^Between/Between$ +^June/June$ +^22/22$ +^and/and$ +^July/July$ +^26/26$ +^,/,$ +^1941/1941$ +^,/,$ +^Romanian/Romanian$ +^troops/troop$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^help/help$ +^of/of$ +^Wehrmacht/*Wehrmacht$ +^recovered/recover$ +^Bessarabia/*Bessarabia$ +^and/and$ +^northern/northern$ +^Bukovina/*Bukovina$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Soviets/*Soviets$ +^employed/employ$ +^scorched/*scorched$ +^-/-$ +^earth/earth$ +^tactics/tactic$ +^during/during$ +^their/their$ +^forced/force$ +^retreat/retreat$ +^from/from$ +^Bessarabia/*Bessarabia$ +^,/,$ +^destroying/destroy$ +^the/the$ +^infrastructure/infrastructure$ +^and/and$ +^transporting/transport$ +^movable/movable$ +^goods/good$ +^to/to$ +^Russia/Russia$ +^by/by$ +^railway/railway$ +^./.$ + +^At the end/At the end$ +^of/of$ +^July/July$ +^,/,$ +^after/after$ +^a/a$ +^year/year$ +^of/of$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^rule/rule$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^region/region$ +^was/be$ +^once again/once again$ +^under/under$ +^Romanian/Romanian$ +^control/control$ +^./.$ + +^As/As$ +^the/the$ +^military operation/military operation$ +^was still in/be# still in$ +^progress/progress$ +^,/,$ +^there/there$ +^were/be$ +^cases/case$ +^of/of$ +^Romanian/Romanian$ +^troops/troop$ +" +^taking/take$ +^revenge/revenge$ +" +^on/on$ +^Jews/*Jews$ +^in/in$ +^Bessarabia/*Bessarabia$ +^,/,$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^form/form$ +^of/of$ +^pogroms/pogrom$ +^on/on$ +^civilians/civilian$ +^and/and$ +^murder/murder$ +^of/of$ +^Jewish/jewish$ +^POWs/*POWs$ +^,/,$ +^resulting/result$ +^in/in$ +^several/several$ +^thousand/thousand$ +^dead/dead$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^supposed/supposed$ +^cause/cause$ +^for/for$ +^murdering/murder$ +^Jews/*Jews$ +^was/be$ +^that/that$ +^in/in$ +^1940/1940$ +^some/some$ +^Jews/*Jews$ +^welcomed/welcome$ +^the/the$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^takeover/takeover$ +^as/as$ +^liberation/*liberation$ +^./.$ + +^At the same time/At the same time$ +^the/the$ +^notorious/notorious$ +^SS/*SS$ +^Einsatzgruppe/*Einsatzgruppe$ +^D/D$ +^,/,$ +^operating/operate$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^area/area$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^German/german$ +^11th/11$ +^Army/Army$ +^,/,$ +^committed/commit$ +^summary/summary$ +^executions/execution$ +^of/of$ +^Jews/*Jews$ +^under/under$ +^the/the$ +^pretext/pretext$ +^that/that$ +^they/prpers$ +^were/be$ +^spies/spy$ +^,/,$ +^saboteurs/*saboteurs$ +^,/,$ +^Communists/Communist$ +^,/,$ +^or/or$ +^under/under$ +^no/no$ +^pretext/pretext$ +^whatsoever/whatsoever$ +^./.$ + +^That/That$ +^portion/portion$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Jewish/jewish$ +^population/population$ +^of/of$ +^Bessarabia/*Bessarabia$ +^and/and$ +^Bukovina/*Bukovina$ +^which/which$ +^did/do$ +^not/not$ +^flee/flee$ +^before/before$ +^the/the$ +^retreat/retreat$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^troops/troop$ +^(/($ +^147,000/147,000$ +^)/)$ +^was/be$ +^initially/initially$ +^gathered/gather$ +^into/into$ +^ghettos/*ghettos$ +^or/or$ +^concentration/concentration$ +^camps/camp$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^then/then$ +^deported/deport$ +^during/during$ +^1941/1941$ +^-/-$ +^1942/1942$ +^in/in$ +^death/death$ +^marches/march$ +^into/into$ +^Romanian/Romanian$ +^-/-$ +^occupied/occupy$ +^Transnistria/*Transnistria$ +^,/,$ +^where/where$ +^the/the$ +" +^Final/Final$ +^Solution/Solution$ +" +^was/be$ +^applied/apply$ +^./.$ + +^After/After$ +^three/three$ +^years/year$ +^of/of$ +^relative/relative$ +^peace/peace$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^German/german$ +^-/-$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^front/front$ +^returned/return$ +^in/in$ +^1944/1944$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^land/land$ +^border/border$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^Dniester/*Dniester$ +^./.$ + +^On/On$ +^August/August$ +^20/20$ +^,/,$ +^1944/1944$ +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^ca./*ca.$ +^3,400,000/3,400,000$ +^-/-$ +^strong/strong$ +^Red/Red$ +^Army/Army$ +^began/begin$ +^a/a$ +^major/major$ +^summer/summer$ +^offensive/offensive$ +^codenamed/*codenamed$ +^Jassy/*Jassy$ +^-/-$ +^Kishinev/*Kishinev$ +^Operation/Operation$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^armies/army$ +^overran/overrun$ +^Bessarabia/*Bessarabia$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^two/two$ +^-/-$ +^pronged/*pronged$ +^offensive/offensive$ +^within/within$ +^five/five$ +^days/day$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^pocket/pocket$ +^battles/battle$ +^at/at$ +^Chişinău/*Chişinău$ +^and/and$ +^Sărata/*Sărata$ +^the/the$ +^German/german$ +^6th/6$ +^Army/Army$ +^of/of$ +^ca./*ca.$ +^650,000/650,000$ +^men/man$ +^,/,$ +^newly/newly$ +^reformed/reform$ +^after/after$ +^the/the$ +^Battle/Battle$ +^of/of$ +^Stalingrad/*Stalingrad$ +^,/,$ +^was/be$ +^obliterated/*obliterated$ +^./.$ + +^Simultaneously/Simultaneously$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^success/success$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Russian/russian$ +^attack/attack$ +^,/,$ +^Romania/Romania$ +^broke/break$ +^the/the$ +^military/military$ +^alliance/alliance$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^Axis/Axis$ +^and/and$ +^changed/change$ +^sides/side$ +^./.$ + +^On/On$ +^the/the$ +^23rd/23$ +^August/August$ +^,/,$ +^1944/1944$ +^,/,$ +^Marshal/Marshal$ +^Ion/Ion$ +^Antonescu/*Antonescu$ +^was/be$ +^arrested/arrest$ +^by/by$ +^King/King$ +^Michael/Michael$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^later/later$ +^handed/hand$ +^over/over$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^Soviets/*Soviets$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^Union/Union$ +^regained/regain$ +^the/the$ +^region/region$ +^in/in$ +^1944/1944$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Red/Red$ +^Army/Army$ +^occupied/occupy$ +^Romania/Romania$ +^./.$ + +^By/By$ +^1947/1947$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Soviets/*Soviets$ +^had/have$ +^imposed/impose$ +^a/a$ +^communist/communist$ +^government/government$ +^in/in$ +^Bucharest/Bucharest$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^was/be$ +^friendly/friendly$ +^and/and$ +^obedient/obedient$ +^towards/towards$ +^Moscow/Moscow$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^occupation/occupation$ +^of/of$ +^Romania/Romania$ +^lasted/last$ +^until/until$ +^1958/1958$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Romanian/Romanian$ +^communist/communist$ +^regime/regime$ +^did/do$ +^not/not$ +^openly/openly$ +^raise/raise$ +^the/the$ +^matter/matter$ +^of/of$ +^Bessarabia/*Bessarabia$ +^or/or$ +^Northern/Northern$ +^Bukovina/*Bukovina$ +^in/in$ +^its/its$ +^diplomatic/diplomatic$ +^relations/relation$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^Union/Union$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^December/December$ +^1971/1971$ +^,/,$ +^following/follow$ +^an/a$ +^informative/informative$ +^note/note$ +^from/from$ +^Ion/Ion$ +^Stănescu/*Stănescu$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^President/President$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Council/Council$ +^of/of$ +^State/State$ +^Security/Security$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Romanian/Romanian$ +^Socialist/Socialist$ +^Republic/Republic$ +^,/,$ +^to/to$ +^Yuri/*Yuri$ +^Andropov/*Andropov$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^chief/chief$ +^of/of$ +^KGB/*KGB$ +^,/,$ +^three/three$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^leaders/leader$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^National/National$ +^Patriotic/Patriotic$ +^Front/Front$ +^,/,$ +^Alexandru/*Alexandru$ +^Usatiuc/*Usatiuc$ +^-/-$ +^Bulgar/*Bulgar$ +^,/,$ +^Gheorghe/*Gheorghe$ +^Ghimpu/*Ghimpu$ +^and/and$ +^Valeriu/*Valeriu$ +^Graur/*Graur$ +^,/,$ +^as well as/as well as$ +^a/a$ +^fourth/fourth$ +^person/person$ +^,/,$ +^Alexandru/*Alexandru$ +^Soltoianu/*Soltoianu$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^leader/leader$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^similar/similar$ +^clandestine/*clandestine$ +^movement/movement$ +^in/in$ +^northern/northern$ +^Bukovina/*Bukovina$ +^(/($ +^Bucovina/*Bucovina$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^were/be$ +^arrested/arrest$ +^and/and$ +^later/later$ +^sentenced/sentence$ +^to/to$ +^long/long$ +^prison/prison$ +^terms/term$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^1990/1990$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^first/first$ +^free/free$ +^elections/election$ +^were/be$ +^held/hold$ +^for/for$ +^Parliament/Parliament$ +^,/,$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^opposition/opposition$ +^Popular Front/Popular front$ +^all/all$ +^but/but$ +^winning/win$ +^them/prpers$ +^./.$ + +^A/A$ +^government/government$ +^led/lead$ +^by/by$ +^Mircea/*Mircea$ +^Druc/*Druc$ +^,/,$ +^one/one$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^leaders/leader$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Popular Front/Popular front$ +^,/,$ +^was/be$ +^formed/form$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Moldavian/*Moldavian$ +^SSR/*SSR$ +^became/become$ +^SSR/*SSR$ +^Moldova/*Moldova$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^later/later$ +^the/the$ +^Republic/Republic$ +^of/of$ +^Moldova/*Moldova$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Republic/Republic$ +^of/of$ +^Moldova/*Moldova$ +^became/become$ +^independent/independent$ +^in/in$ +^1991/1991$ +^;/;$ +^its/its$ +^boundaries/boundary$ +^(/($ +^those/that$ +^established/establish$ +^on/on$ +^August/August$ +^2/2$ +^,/,$ +^1940/1940$ +^)/)$ +^remained/remain$ +^unchanged/unchanged$ +^./.$ + Index: languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/caucasus1.consensus.txt =================================================================== --- languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/caucasus1.consensus.txt (nonexistent) +++ languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/caucasus1.consensus.txt (revision 80623) @@ -0,0 +1,575 @@ +^The/The$ +^Caucasus/*Caucasus$ +^is/be$ +^one/one$ +^of/of$ +^the most/the most$ +^linguistically/linguistically$ +^and/and$ +^culturally/culturally$ +^diverse/diverse$ +^regions/region$ +^on/on$ +^Earth/Earth$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^nation/nation$ +^states/state$ +^that/that$ +^comprise/comprise$ +^the/the$ +^Caucasus/*Caucasus$ +^today/today$ +^are/be$ +^the/the$ +^post/post$ +^-/-$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^states/state$ +^Georgia/Georgia$ +^,/,$ +^Armenia/Armenia$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^Azerbaijan/Azerbaijan$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Russian/russian$ +^divisions/division$ +^include/include$ +^Krasnodar/*Krasnodar$ +^Krai/*Krai$ +^,/,$ +^Stavropol/*Stavropol$ +^Krai/*Krai$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^autonomous/autonomous$ +^republics/republic$ +^of/of$ +^Adygea/*Adygea$ +^,/,$ +^Karachay-Cherkessia/*Karachay-Cherkessia$ +^,/,$ +^Kabardino-Balkaria/*Kabardino-Balkaria$ +^,/,$ +^North Ossetia/North Ossetia$ +^,/,$ +^Ingushetia/*Ingushetia$ +^,/,$ +^Chechnya/*Chechnya$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^Dagestan/*Dagestan$ +^./.$ + +^Three/Three$ +^territories/territory$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^region/region$ +^claim/claim$ +^independence/independence$ +^but/but$ +^are/be$ +^not/not$ +^universally/universally$ +^acknowledged/acknowledge$ +^as/as$ +^nation/nation$ +^states/state$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^international community/international community$ +^:/:$ +^Abkhazia/*Abkhazia$ +^,/,$ +^Nagorno-Karabakh/*Nagorno-Karabakh$ +^and/and$ +^South Ossetia/*South Ossetia$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^northern/northern$ +^portion/portion$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Caucasus/*Caucasus$ +^is/be$ +^known/know$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^Ciscaucasus/*Ciscaucasus$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^southern/southern$ +^portion/portion$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^Transcaucasus/*Transcaucasus$ +^./.$ + +^Ancient/Ancient$ +^kingdoms/kingdom$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^region/region$ +^included/include$ +^Armenia/Armenia$ +^,/,$ +^Albania/Albania$ +^,/,$ +^Colchis/*Colchis$ +^and/and$ +^Iberia/*Iberia$ +^,/,$ +^among others/among others$ +^./.$ + +^These/This$ +^kingdoms/kingdom$ +^were/be$ +^later/later$ +^incorporated/incorporate$ +^into/into$ +^various/various$ +^empires/empire$ +^,/,$ +^including/include$ +^Media/Media$ +^,/,$ +^Achaemenid/*Achaemenid$ +^Empire/Empire$ +^,/,$ +^Parthian/*Parthian$ +^Empire/Empire$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^Sassanid/*Sassanid$ +^Empire/Empire$ +^./.$ + +^By/By$ +^this/this$ +^time/time$ +^,/,$ +^Zoroastrianism/*Zoroastrianism$ +^had/have$ +^become/become$ +^the/the$ +^dominant/dominant$ +^religion/religion$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^region/region$ +^;/;$ +^however/however$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^region/region$ +^would/would$ +^go through/go# through$ +^two/two$ +^other/other$ +^religious/religious$ +^transformations/transformation$ +^./.$ + +^Owing to/Owing to$ +^the/the$ +^rivalry/rivalry$ +^between/between$ +^Persia/Persia$ +^and/and$ +^Rome/Rome$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^later/later$ +^Byzantium/*Byzantium$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^latter/latter$ +^would/would$ +^invade/invade$ +^the/the$ +^region/region$ +^several/several$ +^times/time$ +^,/,$ +^although/although$ +^it/prpers$ +^was/be$ +^never/never$ +^able/able$ +^to/to$ +^hold/hold$ +^the/the$ +^region/region$ +^./.$ + +^However/However$ +^,/,$ +^because/because$ +^Armenia/Armenia$ +^and/and$ +^Georgia/Georgia$ +^had/have$ +^become/become$ +^Christian/christian$ +^entities/entity$ +^,/,$ +^Christianity/Christianity$ +^began/begin$ +^to/to$ +^overtake/*overtake$ +^Zoroastrianism/*Zoroastrianism$ +^./.$ + +^With/With$ +^the/the$ +^Islamic/islamic$ +^conquest/conquest$ +^of/of$ +^Persia/Persia$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^region/region$ +^came/come$ +^under/under$ +^the/the$ +^rule/rule$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Arabs/Arab$ +^./.$ + +^Armenia/Armenia$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^majority/majority$ +^of/of$ +^Georgia/Georgia$ +^maintained/maintain$ +^Christianity/Christianity$ +^and/and$ +^Georgian/*Georgian$ +^king/king$ +^David/David$ +^the/the$ +^Builder/Builder$ +^drove/drive$ +^the/the$ +^Muslims/Muslim$ +^out/out$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^region/region$ +^would/would$ +^later/later$ +^be/be$ +^conquered/conquer$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Seljuks/*Seljuks$ +^,/,$ +^Ottomans/*Ottomans$ +^,/,$ +^Mongols/*Mongols$ +^,/,$ +^local/local$ +^kingdoms/kingdom$ +^and/and$ +^khanates/*khanates$ +^,/,$ +^as well as/as well as$ +^,/,$ +^once again/once again$ +^,/,$ +^Persia/Persia$ +^,/,$ +^until/until$ +^its/its$ +^conquest/conquest$ +^by/by$ +^Russia/Russia$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^region/region$ +^was/be$ +^unified/unify$ +^as a/as a$ +^single/single$ +^political/political$ +^entity/entity$ +^twice/twice$ +^–/–$ +^during/during$ +^the/the$ +^Russian/russian$ +^Civil/Civil$ +^War/War$ +^(/($ +^Transcaucasian/*Transcaucasian$ +^Democratic/Democratic$ +^Federative/Federative$ +^Republic/Republic$ +^)/)$ +^from/from$ +^9/9$ +^April/April$ +^1918/1918$ +^to/to$ +^26/26$ +^May/May$ +^1918/1918$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^under/under$ +^the/the$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^rule/rule$ +^(/($ +^Transcaucasian/*Transcaucasian$ +^SFSR/*SFSR$ +^)/)$ +^from/from$ +^12/12$ +^March/March$ +^1922/1922$ +^to/to$ +^5/5$ +^December/December$ +^1936/1936$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^the/the$ +^1940s/1940s$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Chechens/*Chechens$ +^and/and$ +^Ingush/*Ingush$ +^(/($ +^480,000/480,000$ +^altogether/*altogether$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^along with/along with$ +^the/the$ +^Balkars/*Balkars$ +^,/,$ +^Karachays/*Karachays$ +^,/,$ +^Meskhetian/*Meskhetian$ +^Turks/*Turks$ +^(/($ +^120,000/120,000$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^Kurds/*Kurds$ +^and/and$ +^Caucasus/*Caucasus$ +^Germans/German$ +^(/($ +^almost/almost$ +^200,000/200,000$ +^)/)$ +^were/be$ +^deported/deport$ +^en masse/en masse$ +^to/to$ +^Central/Central$ +^Asia/Asia$ +^and/and$ +^Siberia/*Siberia$ +^./.$ + +^Following/Follow$ +^the/the$ +^end/end$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^Union/Union$ +^,/,$ +^Georgia/Georgia$ +^,/,$ +^Azerbaijan/Azerbaijan$ +^and/and$ +^Armenia/Armenia$ +^became/become$ +^independent/independent$ +^in/in$ +^1991/1991$ +^./.$ + +^The most/The most$ +^numerous/numerous$ +^peoples/peoples$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Caucasian/*Caucasian$ +^-/-$ +^language/language$ +^family/family$ +^are/be$ +^Georgians/*Georgians$ +^(/($ +^4,600,000/4,600,000$ +^)/)$ +^;/;$ +^Chechens/*Chechens$ +^(/($ +^800,000/800,000$ +^)/)$ +^;/;$ +^and/and$ +^Avars/*Avars$ +^(/($ +^500,000/500,000$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^Georgians/*Georgians$ +^are/be$ +^the/the$ +^only/only$ +^Caucasian/*Caucasian$ +^language/language$ +^-/-$ +^speaking/speak$ +^people/person$ +^who/who$ +^have/have$ +^their/their$ +^own/own$ +^independent/independent$ +^state/state$ +^–/–$ +^Georgia/Georgia$ +^./.$ + +^Others/Others$ +^of/of$ +^those/that$ +^peoples/peoples$ +^have/have$ +^republics/republic$ +^within/within$ +^the/the$ +^Russian/russian$ +^Federation/Federation$ +^:/:$ +^Adyghe/*Adyghe$ +^(/($ +^Adygea/*Adygea$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^Cherkes/*Cherkes$ +^(/($ +^Karachay-Cherkessia/*Karachay-Cherkessia$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^Kabardins/*Kabardins$ +^(/($ +^Kabardino-Balkaria/*Kabardino-Balkaria$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^Ingush/*Ingush$ +^(/($ +^Ingushetia/*Ingushetia$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^Chechens/*Chechens$ +^(/($ +^Chechnya/*Chechnya$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^while/while$ +^Northeast/northeast$ +^Caucasian/*Caucasian$ +^peoples/peoples$ +^mostly/mostly$ +^live/live$ +^in/in$ +^Dagestan/*Dagestan$ +^./.$ + +^Abkhazians/*Abkhazians$ +^live/live$ +^in/in$ +^Abkhazia/*Abkhazia$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^is/be$ +^de facto/de facto$ +^independent/independent$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^de jure/de jure$ +^is/be$ +^an/a$ +^autonomous/autonomous$ +^republic/republic$ +^within/within$ +^Georgia/Georgia$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Caucasus/*Caucasus$ +^has/have$ +^many/many$ +^economically/economically$ +^important/important$ +^minerals/mineral$ +^and/and$ +^energy/energy$ +^resources/resource$ +^,/,$ +^such as/such as$ +^:/:$ +^alunite/*alunite$ +^,/,$ +^gold/gold$ +^,/,$ +^chromium/chromium$ +^,/,$ +^copper/copper$ +^,/,$ +^iron/iron$ +^ore/ore$ +^,/,$ +^mercury/mercury$ +^,/,$ +^manganese/manganese$ +^,/,$ +^molybdenum/molybdenum$ +^,/,$ +^lead/lead$ +^,/,$ +^tungsten/tungsten$ +^,/,$ +^uranium/uranium$ +^,/,$ +^zinc/zinc$ +^,/,$ +^oil/oil$ +^,/,$ +^natural/natural$ +^gas/gas$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^coal/coal$ +^(/($ +^both/both$ +^hard/hard$ +^and/and$ +^brown/brown$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ Index: languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/coil1.consensus.txt =================================================================== --- languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/coil1.consensus.txt (nonexistent) +++ languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/coil1.consensus.txt (revision 80623) @@ -0,0 +1,1258 @@ +^A/A$ +^Tesla/Tesla$ +^coil/coil$ +^transformer/transformer$ +^operates/operate$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^significantly/significantly$ +^different/different$ +^fashion/fashion$ +^than/than$ +^a/a$ +^conventional/conventional$ +^(/($ +^i.e./i.e.$ +^,/,$ +^iron/iron$ +^core/core$ +^)/)$ +^transformer/transformer$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^a/a$ +^conventional/conventional$ +^transformer/transformer$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^windings/*windings$ +^are/be$ +^very/very$ +^tightly/tightly$ +^coupled/*coupled$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^voltage/voltage$ +^gain/gain$ +^is/be$ +^limited/limit$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^ratio/ratio$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^numbers/number$ +^of/of$ +^turns/turn$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^windings/*windings$ +^./.$ + +^However/However$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^voltage/voltage$ +^gain/gain$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^disruptive/*disruptive$ +^Tesla/Tesla$ +^coil/coil$ +^can/can$ +^be/be$ +^significantly/significantly$ +^greater/great$ +^,/,$ +^since/since$ +^it/prpers$ +^is/be$ +^instead/instead$ +^proportional/proportional$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^square/square$ +^root/root$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^ratio/ratio$ +^of/of$ +^secondary/secondary$ +^and/and$ +^primary/primary$ +^inductances/inductance$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^coil/coil$ +^transfers/transfer$ +^energy/energy$ +^from/from$ +^one/one$ +^oscillating/oscillating$ +^resonant/resonant$ +^circuit/circuit$ +^(/($ +^the/the$ +^primary/primary$ +^)/)$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^other/other$ +^(/($ +^the/the$ +^secondary/secondary$ +^)/)$ +^over/over$ +^a/a$ +^number/number$ +^of/of$ +^RF/*RF$ +^cycles/cycle$ +^./.$ + +^As/As$ +^the/the$ +^primary/primary$ +^energy/energy$ +^transfers/transfer$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^secondary/secondary$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^secondary/secondary$ +^'s/'s$ +^output/output$ +^voltage/voltage$ +^increases/increase$ +^until/until$ +^all/all$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^available/available$ +^primary/primary$ +^energy/energy$ +^has/have$ +^been/be$ +^transferred/transfer$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^secondary/secondary$ +^(/($ +^less/less$ +^losses/loss$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^Even/Even$ +^with/with$ +^significant/significant$ +^spark/spark$ +^gap/gap$ +^losses/loss$ +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^well/well$ +^designed/design$ +^Tesla/Tesla$ +^coil/coil$ +^can/can$ +^transfer/transfer$ +^over/over$ +^85%/85%$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^energy/energy$ +^initially/initially$ +^stored/store$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^primary/primary$ +^capacitor/*capacitor$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^secondary/secondary$ +^circuit/circuit$ +^./.$ + +^Modern/Modern$ +^high/high$ +^voltage/voltage$ +^enthusiasts/enthusiast$ +^usually/usually$ +^build/build$ +^Tesla/Tesla$ +^coils/coil$ +^that/that$ +^are/be$ +^similar/similar$ +^to/to$ +^some/some$ +^of/of$ +^Tesla/Tesla$ +^'s/'s$ +" +^later/late$ +" +^air/air$ +^core/core$ +^designs/design$ +^./.$ + +^These/This$ +^typically/typically$ +^consist of/consist# of$ +^a/a$ +^primary/primary$ +^tank/tank$ +^circuit/circuit$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^is/be$ +^a/a$ +^series/series$ +^LC/LC$ +^(/($ +^inductance/inductance$ +^-/-$ +^capacitance/*capacitance$ +^)/)$ +^circuit/circuit$ +^composed/compose$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^high/high$ +^voltage/voltage$ +^capacitor/*capacitor$ +^,/,$ +^spark/spark$ +^gap/gap$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^primary/primary$ +^coil/coil$ +^;/;$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^secondary/secondary$ +^LC/LC$ +^circuit/circuit$ +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^series/series$ +^resonant/resonant$ +^circuit/circuit$ +^consisting of/consist# of$ +^the/the$ +^secondary/secondary$ +^coil/coil$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^toroid/*toroid$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^Tesla/Tesla$ +^'s/'s$ +^original/original$ +^plans/plan$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^secondary/secondary$ +^LC/LC$ +^circuit/circuit$ +^is/be$ +^composed/compose$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^loaded/load$ +^secondary/secondary$ +^coil/coil$ +^which/which$ +^is/be$ +^then/then$ +^placed/place$ +^in series/in series$ +^with/with$ +^a/a$ +^large/large$ +^helical/*helical$ +^coil/coil$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^helical/*helical$ +^coil/coil$ +^was/be$ +^then/then$ +^connected/connect$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^toroid/*toroid$ +^./.$ + +^Most/Most$ +^modern/modern$ +^coils/coil$ +^use/use$ +^only/only$ +^a/a$ +^single/single$ +^secondary/secondary$ +^coil/coil$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^toroid/*toroid$ +^actually/actually$ +^forms/form$ +^one/one$ +^terminal/terminal$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^capacitor/*capacitor$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^other/other$ +^terminal/terminal$ +^being/be$ +^the/the$ +^Earth/Earth$ +^(/($ +^or/or$ +" +^ground/ground$ +" +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^primary/primary$ +^LC/LC$ +^circuit/circuit$ +^is/be$ +" +^tuned/tune$ +" +^so that/so that$ +^it/prpers$ +^will/will$ +^resonate/*resonate$ +^at/at$ +^the same/the same$ +^frequency/frequency$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^secondary/secondary$ +^LC/LC$ +^circuit/circuit$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^primary/primary$ +^and/and$ +^secondary/secondary$ +^coils/coil$ +^are/be$ +^magnetically/*magnetically$ +^coupled/*coupled$ +^,/,$ +^creating/create$ +^a/a$ +^dual/dual$ +^-/-$ +^tuned/tune$ +^resonant/resonant$ +^air/air$ +^-/-$ +^core/core$ +^transformer/transformer$ +^./.$ + +^However/However$ +^,/,$ +^unlike/unlike$ +^a/a$ +^conventional/conventional$ +^transformer/transformer$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^may/may$ +^couple/couple$ +^97%/97%$ ++ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^magnetic/magnetic$ +^fields/field$ +^between/between$ +^windings/*windings$ +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^Tesla/Tesla$ +^coil/coil$ +^'s/'s$ +^windings/*windings$ +^are/be$ +" +^loosely/*loosely$ +" +^coupled/*coupled$ +^,/,$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^primary/primary$ +^and/and$ +^secondary/secondary$ +^typically/typically$ +^sharing/share$ +^only/only$ +^10/10$ +^–/–$ +^20%/20%$ +^of/of$ +^their/their$ +^respective/respective$ +^magnetic/magnetic$ +^fields/field$ +^./.$ + +^Earlier/Early$ +^oil/oil$ +^insulated/*insulated$ +^Tesla/Tesla$ +^coils/coil$ +^needed/need$ +^large/large$ +^and/and$ +^long/long$ +^insulations/*insulations$ +^at/at$ +^their/their$ +^connections/connection$ +^to/to$ +^prevent/prevent$ +^discharge/discharge$ +^in/in$ +^air/air$ +^./.$ + +^Later/Late$ +^version/version$ +^Tesla/Tesla$ +^coils/coil$ +^spread/spread$ +^their/their$ +^electric/electric$ +^fields/field$ +^over/over$ +^large/large$ +^distances/distance$ +^to/to$ +^prevent/prevent$ +^high/high$ +^electrical/electrical$ +^stresses/stress$ +^in the first place/in the first place$ +^,/,$ +^thereby/thereby$ +^allowing/allow$ +^operation/operation$ +^in/in$ +^free/free$ +^air/air$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^a/a$ +^Doubly/Doubly$ +^Resonant/Resonant$ +^Solid/Solid$ +^State/State$ +^Tesla/Tesla$ +^Coil/Coil$ +^(/($ +^DRSSTC/*DRSSTC$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^electronic/electronic$ +^switching/switch$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^SSTC/*SSTC$ +^is/be$ +^combined/combine$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^resonant/resonant$ +^primary/primary$ +^circuit/circuit$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^spark/spark$ +^-/-$ +^gap/gap$ +^Tesla/Tesla$ +^coil/coil$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^resonant/resonant$ +^primary/primary$ +^circuit/circuit$ +^is/be$ +^formed/form$ +^by/by$ +^connecting/connect$ +^a/a$ +^capacitor/*capacitor$ +^in series/in series$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^primary/primary$ +^winding/*winding$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^coil/coil$ +^,/,$ +^so that/so that$ +^the/the$ +^combination/combination$ +^forms/form$ +^a/a$ +^series/series$ +^tank/tank$ +^circuit/circuit$ +^with/with$ +^a/a$ +^resonant/resonant$ +^frequency/frequency$ +^near/near$ +^that/that$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^secondary/secondary$ +^circuit/circuit$ +^./.$ + +^Because of/Because of$ +^the/the$ +^additional/additional$ +^resonant/resonant$ +^circuit/circuit$ +^,/,$ +^one/one$ +^manual/manual$ +^and/and$ +^one/one$ +^adaptive/*adaptive$ +^tuning/tune$ +^adjustment/adjustment$ +^are/be$ +^necessary/necessary$ +^./.$ + +^Also/Also$ +^,/,$ +^an/a$ +^interrupter/*interrupter$ +^is/be$ +^usually/usually$ +^used/use$ +^to/to$ +^reduce/reduce$ +^the/the$ +^duty/duty$ +^cycle/cycle$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^switching/switch$ +^bridge/bridge$ +^,/,$ +^in order to/in order to$ +^improve/improve$ +^peak/peak$ +^power/power$ +^capabilities/capability$ +^;/;$ +^similarly/similarly$ +^,/,$ +^IGBTs/*IGBTs$ +^are/be$ +^more/more$ +^popular/popular$ +^in/in$ +^this/this$ +^application/application$ +^than/than$ +^bipolar/bipolar$ +^transistors/transistor$ +^or/or$ +^MOSFETs/*MOSFETs$ +^,/,$ +^due to/due to$ +^their/their$ +^superior/superior$ +^power/power$ +^handling/handle$ +^characteristics/characteristic$ +^./.$ + +^Performance/Performance$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^DRSSTC/*DRSSTC$ +^can/can$ +^be/be$ +^comparable/comparable$ +^to/to$ +^a/a$ +^medium/medium$ +^power/power$ +^spark/spark$ +^gap/gap$ +^Tesla/Tesla$ +^coil/coil$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^efficiency/efficiency$ +^(/($ +^as/as$ +^measured/measure$ +^by/by$ +^spark/spark$ +^length/length$ +^versus/*versus$ +^input/input$ +^power/power$ +^)/)$ +^can/can$ +^be/be$ +^significantly/significantly$ +^greater/great$ +^than/than$ +^a/a$ +^spark/spark$ +^gap/gap$ +^Tesla/Tesla$ +^coil/coil$ +^operating/operate$ +^at/at$ +^the same/the same$ +^input/input$ +^power/power$ +^./.$ + +^However/However$ +^,/,$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^typical/typical$ +^circuit/circuit$ +^(/($ +^above/above$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^spark/spark$ +^gap/gap$ +^'s/'s$ +^short/short$ +^circuiting/*circuiting$ +^action/action$ +^prevents/prevent$ +^high/high$ +^frequency/frequency$ +^oscillations/*oscillations$ +^from/from$ +" +^backing/back$ +^up/up$ +" +^into/into$ +^the/the$ +^supply/supply$ +^transformer/transformer$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^the/the$ +^alternate/alternate$ +^circuit/circuit$ +^,/,$ +^high/high$ +^amplitude/amplitude$ +^high/high$ +^frequency/frequency$ +^oscillations/*oscillations$ +^that/that$ +^appear/appear$ +^across/across$ +^the/the$ +^capacitor/*capacitor$ +^also/also$ +^are/be$ +^applied/apply$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^supply/supply$ +^transformer/transformer$ +^'s/'s$ +^winding/*winding$ +^./.$ + +^This/This$ +^can/can$ +^induce/induce$ +^corona/*corona$ +^discharges/discharge$ +^between/between$ +^turns/turn$ +^that/that$ +^weaken/weaken$ +^and/and$ +^eventually/eventually$ +^destroy/destroy$ +^the/the$ +^transformer/transformer$ +^'s/'s$ +^insulation/*insulation$ +^./.$ + +^Experienced/Experience$ +^Tesla/Tesla$ +^coil/coil$ +^builders/builder$ +^almost/almost$ +^exclusively/exclusively$ +^use/use$ +^the/the$ +^top/top$ +^circuit/circuit$ +^,/,$ +^often/often$ +^augmenting/augment$ +^it/prpers$ +^with/with$ +^low/low$ +^pass/pass$ +^filters/filter$ +^(/($ +^resistor/resistor$ +^and/and$ +^capacitor/*capacitor$ +^(/($ +^RC/*RC$ +^)/)$ +^networks/network$ +^)/)$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^supply/supply$ +^transformer/transformer$ +^and/and$ +^spark/spark$ +^gap/gap$ +^to/to$ +^help/help$ +^protect/protect$ +^the/the$ +^supply/supply$ +^transformer/transformer$ +^./.$ + +^This/This$ +^is/be$ +^especially/especially$ +^important/important$ +^when/when$ +^using/use$ +^transformers/transformer$ +^with/with$ +^fragile/fragile$ +^high/high$ +^voltage/voltage$ +^windings/*windings$ +^,/,$ +^such as/such as$ +^Neon/Neon$ +^-/-$ +^sign/sign$ +^transformers/transformer$ +^(/($ +^NSTs/*NSTs$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^Regardless/Regardless$ +^of which/of+which$ +^configuration/configuration$ +^is/be$ +^used/use$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^HV/*HV$ +^transformer/transformer$ +^must/must$ +^be/be$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^type/type$ +^that/that +^self/*self$ +^-/-$ +^limits/limit$ +^its/its$ +^secondary/secondary$ +^current/current$ +^by means of/by means of$ +^internal/internal$ +^leakage/leakage$ +^inductance/inductance$ +^./.$ + +^A/A$ +^normal/normal$ +^(/($ +^low/low$ +^leakage/leakage$ +^inductance/inductance$ +^)/)$ +^high/high$ +^voltage/voltage$ +^transformer/transformer$ +^must/must$ +^use/use$ +^an/a$ +^external/external$ +^limiter/limiter$ +^(/($ +^sometimes/sometimes$ +^called/call$ +^a/a$ +^ballast/ballast$ +^)/)$ +^to/to$ +^limit/limit$ +^current/current$ +^./.$ + +^NSTs/*NSTs$ +^are/be$ +^designed/design$ +^to/to$ +^have/have$ +^high/high$ +^leakage/leakage$ +^inductance/inductance$ +^to/to$ +^limit/limit$ +^their/their$ +^short/short$ +^circuit/circuit$ +^current/current$ +^to/to$ +^a/a$ +^safe/safe$ +^level/level$ +^./.$ + +^As/As +^the/the$ +^secondary/secondary$ +^coil/coil$ +^'s/'s$ +^energy/energy$ +^(/($ +^and/and$ +^output/output$ +^voltage/voltage$ +^)/)$ +^continue/continue$ +^to/to$ +^increase/increase$ +^,/,$ +^larger/large$ +^pulses/pulse$ +^of/of$ +^displacement/displacement$ +^current/current$ +^further/further$ +^ionise/ionise$ +^and/and$ +^heat/heat$ +^the/the$ +^air/air$ +^at/at$ +^the/the$ +^point/point$ +^of/of$ +^initial/initial$ +^breakdown/breakdown$ +^./.$ + +^This/This$ +^forms/form$ +^a/a$ +^very/very$ +^conductive/conductive$ +" +^root/root$ +" +^of/of$ +^hotter/hot$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^,/,$ +^called/call$ +^a/a$ +^leader/leader$ +^,/,$ +^that/that$ +^projects/project$ +^outward/*outward$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^toroid/*toroid$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^within/within$ +^the/the$ +^leader/leader$ +^is/be$ +^considerably/considerably$ +^hotter/hot$ +^than/than$ +^a/a$ +^corona/*corona$ +^discharge/discharge$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^is/be$ +^considerably/considerably$ +^more/more$ +^conductive/conductive$ +^./.$ + +^In fact/In fact$ +^,/,$ +^it/prpers$ +^has/have$ +^properties/property$ +^that/that$ +^are/be$ +^similar/similar$ +^to/to$ +^an/a$ +^electric/electric$ +^arc/*arc$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^leader/leader$ +^tapers/*tapers$ +^and/and$ +^branches/branch$ +^into/into$ +^thousands/thousand$ +^of/of$ +^thinner/thin$ +^,/,$ +^cooler/cool$ +^,/,$ +^hairlike/*hairlike$ +^discharges/discharge$ +^(/($ +^called/call$ +^streamers/*streamers$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^streamers/*streamers$ +^look like/look# like$ +^a/a$ +^bluish/bluish$ +" +^haze/haze$ +" +^at/at$ +^the/the$ +^ends/end$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^more/more$ +^luminous/luminous$ +^leaders/leader$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^it/prpers$ +^is/be$ +^the/the$ +^streamers/*streamers$ +^that/that$ +^actually/actually$ +^transfer/transfer$ +^charge/charge$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^leaders/leader$ +^and/and$ +^toroid/*toroid$ +^to/to$ +^nearby/nearby$ +^space/space$ +^charge/charge$ +^regions/region$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^displacement/displacement$ +^currents/current$ +^from/from$ +^countless/countless$ +^streamers/*streamers$ +^all/all$ +^feed/feed$ +^into/into$ +^the/the$ +^leader/leader$ +^,/,$ +^helping/help$ +^to/to$ +^keep/keep$ +^it/prpers$ +^hot/hot$ +^and/and$ +^electrically/electrically$ +^conductive/conductive$ +^./.$ + +^Large/Large$ +^Tesla/Tesla$ +^coils/coil$ +^and/and$ +^magnifiers/*magnifiers$ +^can/can$ +^deliver/deliver$ +^dangerous/dangerous$ +^levels/level$ +^of/of$ +^high/high$ +^frequency/frequency$ +^current/current$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^they/prpers$ +^can/can$ +^also/also$ +^develop/develop$ +^significantly/significantly$ +^higher/high$ +^voltages/voltage$ +^(/($ +^often/often$ +^250,000/250,000$ +^–/–$ +^500,000/500,000$ +^volts/volt$ +^,/,$ +^or/or$ +^more/more$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^Because of/Because of$ +^the/the$ +^higher/high$ +^voltages/voltage$ +^,/,$ +^large/large$ +^systems/system$ +^can/can$ +^deliver/deliver$ +^higher/high$ +^energy/energy$ +^,/,$ +^potentially/potentially$ +^lethal/lethal$ +^,/,$ +^repetitive/repetitive$ +^high/high$ +^voltage/voltage$ +^capacitor/*capacitor$ +^discharges/discharge$ +^from/from$ +^their/their$ +^top/top$ +^terminals/terminal$ +^./.$ + +^Doubling/Double$ +^the/the$ +^output/output$ +^voltage/voltage$ +^quadruples/quadruple$ +^the/the$ +^electrostatic/electrostatic$ +^energy/energy$ +^stored/store$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^given/give$ +^top/top$ +^terminal/terminal$ +^capacitance/*capacitance$ +^./.$ + +^If/If$ +^an/a$ +^unwary/*unwary$ +^experimenter/*experimenter$ +^accidentally/accidentally$ +^places/place$ +^himself/himself$ +^in/in$ +^path/path$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^high/high$ +^voltage/voltage$ +^capacitor/*capacitor$ +^discharge/discharge$ +^to/to$ +^ground/ground$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^low/low$ +^current/current$ +^electric/electric$ +^shock/shock$ +^can/can$ +^cause/cause$ +^involuntary/involuntary$ +^spasms/*spasms$ +^of/of$ +^major/major$ +^muscle/muscle$ +^groups/group$ +^and/and$ +^may/may$ +^induce/induce$ +^life/life$ +^-/-$ +^threatening/threatening$ +^ventricular/*ventricular$ +^fibrillation/fibrillation$ +^and/and$ +^cardiac/cardiac$ +^arrest/arrest$ +^./.$ + +^Even/Even$ +^lower/low$ +^power/power$ +^vacuum/*vacuum$ +^tube/tube$ +^or/or$ +^solid/solid$ +^state/state$ +^Tesla/Tesla$ +^coils/coil$ +^can/can$ +^deliver/deliver$ +^RF/*RF$ +^currents/current$ +^that/that +^are/be$ +^capable/capable$ +^of/of$ +^causing/cause$ +^temporary/temporary$ +^internal/internal$ +^tissue/tissue$ +^,/,$ +^nerve/nerve$ +^,/,$ +^or/or$ +^joint/joint$ +^damage/damage$ +^through/through$ +^Joule/Joule$ +^heating/heating$ +^./.$ + +^In addition/In addition$ +^,/,$ +^an/a$ +^RF/*RF$ +^arc/*arc$ +^can/can$ +^carbonise/*carbonise$ +^flesh/flesh$ +^,/,$ +^causing/cause$ +^a/a$ +^painful/painful$ +^and/and$ +^dangerous/dangerous$ +^bone/bone$ +^-/-$ +^deep/deep$ +^RF/*RF$ +^burn/burn$ +^that/that$ +^may/may$ +^take/take$ +^months/month$ +^to/to$ +^heal/heal$ +^./.$ + +^Because of/Because of$ +^these/this$ +^risks/risk$ +^,/,$ +^knowledgeable/knowledgeable$ +^experimenters/*experimenters$ +^avoid/avoid$ +^contact/contact$ +^with/with$ +^streamers/*streamers$ +^from/from$ +^all/all$ +^but/but$ +^the/the$ +^smallest/small$ +^systems/system$ +^./.$ + +^Professionals/Professional$ +^usually/usually$ +^use/use$ +^other/other$ +^means/means$ +^of/of$ +^protection/protection$ +^such as/such as$ +^a/a$ +^Faraday/Faraday$ +^cage/cage$ +^or/or$ +^a/a$ +^chainmail/chainmail$ +^suit/suit$ +^to/to$ +^prevent/prevent$ +^dangerous/dangerous$ +^currents/current$ +^from/from$ +^entering/enter$ +^their/their$ +^body/body$ +^./.$ + Index: languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/colombia1.consensus.txt =================================================================== --- languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/colombia1.consensus.txt (nonexistent) +++ languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/colombia1.consensus.txt (revision 80623) @@ -0,0 +1,1019 @@ +^The/The$ +^United States/United States$ +^of/of$ +^America/America$ +^'s/'s$ +^intentions/intention$ +^to/to$ +^influence/influence$ +^the/the$ +^area/area$ +^(/($ +^especially/especially$ +^the/the$ +^Panama/Panama$ +^Canal/Canal$ +^construction/construction$ +^and/and$ +^control/control$ +^)/)$ +^led/lead$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^separation/separation$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Department/Department$ +^of/of$ +^Panama/Panama$ +^in/in$ +^1903/1903$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^establishment/establishment$ +^of/of$ +^it/prpers$ +^as a/as a$ +^nation/nation$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^United States/United States$ +^paid/pay$ +^Colombia/Colombia$ +^\$/\$$^25,000/25,000$^,/,$^000/000$ +^in/in$ +^1921/1921$ +^,/,$ +^seven/seven$ +^years/year$ +^after/after$ +^completion/completion$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^canal/canal$ +^,/,$ +^for/for$ +^redress/redress$ +^of/of$ +^President/President$ +^Roosevelt/Roosevelt$ + ^'s/'s$ +^role/role$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^creation/creation$ +^of/of$ +^Panama/Panama$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^Colombia/Colombia$ +^recognised/recognise$ +^Panama/Panama$ +^under/under$ +^the/the$ +^terms/term$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Thomson/Thomson$ +^Urrutia/*Urrutia$ +^Treaty/Treaty$ +^./.$ + +^Colombia/Colombia$ +^was/be$ +^engulfed/*engulfed$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^Year/Year$ +^-/-$ +^Long/Long$ +^War/War$ +^with/with$ +^Peru/Peru$ +^over/over$ +^a/a$ +^territorial/territorial$ +^dispute/dispute$ +^involving/involve$ +^the/the$ +^Amazonas/*Amazonas$ +^department/department$ +^and/and$ +^its/its$ +^capital/capital$ +^Leticia/Leticia$ +^./.$ + +^Soon/Soon$ +^after/after$ +^,/,$ +^Colombia/Colombia$ +^achieved/achieve$ +^some/some$ +^degree/degree$ +^of/of$ +^political/political$ +^stability/stability$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^was/be$ +^interrupted/interrupt$ +^by/by$ +^a/a$ +^bloody/bloody$ +^conflict/conflict$ +^that/that$ +^took place/take# place$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^late/late$ +^1940/1940$ +^s/*s$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^early/early$ +^1950/1950$ +^s/*s$ +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^period/period$ +^known/know$ +^as/as$ +^La/*La$ +^Violencia/*Violencia$ +^(/($ +^The/The$ +^Violence/Violence$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^Its/Its$ +^cause/cause$ +^was/be$ +^mainly/mainly$ +^mounting/mount$ +^tensions/tension$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^two/two$ +^leading/leading$ +^political/political$ +^parties/party$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^subsequently/subsequently$ +^ignited/ignite$ +^after/after$ +^the/the$ +^assassination/*assassination$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Liberal/Liberal$ +^presidential candidate/presidential candidate$ +^Jorge/Jorge$ +^Eliécer/*Eliécer$ +^Gaitán/*Gaitán$ +^on/on$ +^9/9$ +^April/April$ +^1948/1948$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^ensuing/*ensuing$ +^riots/riot$ +^in/in$ +^Bogotá/*Bogotá$ +^,/,$ +^known/know$ +^as/as$ +^El/*El$ +^Bogotazo/*Bogotazo$ +^,/,$ +^spread/spread$ +^throughout/throughout$ +^the/the$ +^country/country$ +^and/and$ +^claimed/claim$ +^the/the$ +^lives/life$ +^of/of$ +^at least/at least$ +^180/180$ +^,/,$ +^000/000$ +^Colombians/Colombian$ +^./.$ + +^Colombia/Colombia$ +^entered/enter$ +^the/the$ +^Korean/korean$ +^War/War$ +^when/when$ +^Laureano/Laureano$ +^Gómez/Gómez$ +^was/be$ +^elected/elect$ +^as/as$ +^President/President$ +^./.$ + +^Colombia/Colombia$ +^was/be$ +^the/the$ +^only/only$ +^Latin American/Latin American$ +^country/country$ +^to/to$ +^join/join$ +^the/the$ +^war/war$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^direct/direct$ +^military/military$ +^role/role$ +^./.$ + +^As/As$ +^an/a$ +^ally/ally$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^United States/United States$ +^,/,$ +^Colombia/Colombia$ + ^'s/'s$ +^mission/mission$ +^was/be$ +^to/to$ +^help/help$ +^win/win$ +^the/the$ +^war/war$ +^effort/effort$ +^and/and$ +^broker/*broker$ +^a/a$ +^lasting/lasting$ +^peace/peace$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^Asian/asian$ +^peninsula/peninsula$ +^./.$ + +^Particularly/Particularly$ +^important/important$ +^was/be$ +^the/the$ +^heroic/heroic$ +^resistance/resistance$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Colombian/colombian$ +^troops/troop$ +^at/at$ +^Old/Old$ +^Baldy/*Baldy$ +^./.$ + +^From/From$ +^1953/1953$ +^to/to$ +^1964/1964$ +^the/the$ +^violence/violence$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^two/two$ +^political/political$ +^parties/party$ +^decreased/*decreased$ +^first/first$ +^when/when$ +^Gustavo/Gustavo$ +^Rojas/Rojas$ +^deposed/depose$ +^the/the$ +^President/President$ +^of/of$ +^Colombia/Colombia$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^coup d'état/coup# d'état$ +^and/and$ +^negotiated/negotiate$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^guerrillas/guerrilla$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^then/then$ +^under/under$ +^the/the$ +^military/military$ +^junta/junta$ +^of/of$ +^General/General$ +^Gabriel/Gabriel$ +^París/París$ +^Gordillo/Gordillo$ +^./.$ + +^After/After$ +^Rojas/Rojas$ +^'/'$ +^deposition/deposition$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Colombian/colombian$ +^Conservative/Conservative$ +^Party/Party$ +^and/and$ +^Colombian/colombian$ +^Liberal/Liberal$ +^Party/Party$ +^agreed to/agree# to$ +^create/create$ +^the/the$ +^National/National$ +^Front/Front$ +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^coalition/coalition$ +^which/which$ +^would/would$ +^jointly/jointly$ +^govern/govern$ +^the/the$ +^country/country$ +^./.$ + +^Under/Under$ +^the/the$ +^deal/deal$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^presidency/presidency$ +^would/would$ +^alternate/alternate$ +^between/between$ +^conservatives/*conservatives$ +^and/and$ +^liberals/*liberals$ +^every/every$ +^4/4$ +^years/year$ +^for/for$ +^16/16$ +^years/year$ +^;/;$ +^the/the$ +^two/two$ +^parties/party$ +^would/would$ +^have/have$ +^parity/parity$ +^in/in$ +^all/all$ +^other/other$ +^elective/elective$ +^offices/office$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^National/National$ +^Front/Front$ +^ended/end$ +^La/*La$ +^Violencia/*Violencia$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^National/National$ +^Front/Front$ +^administrations/administration$ +^attempted/attempt$ +^to/to$ +^institute/institute$ +^far-reaching/far-reaching$ +^social/social$ +^and/and$ +^economic/economic$ +^reforms/reform$ +^in/in$ +^cooperation/cooperation$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^Alliance/Alliance$ +^for/for$ +^Progress/Progress$ +^./.$ + +^In the end/In the end$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^contradictions/contradiction$ +^between/between$ +^each/each$ +^successive/successive$ +^Liberal/Liberal$ +^and/and$ +^Conservative/Conservative$ +^administration/administration$ +^made/make$ +^the/the$ +^results/result$ +^decidedly/*decidedly$ +^mixed/mixed$ +^./.$ + +^Despite/Despite$ +^the/the$ +^progress/progress$ +^in/in$ +^certain/certain$ +^sectors/sector$ +^,/,$ +^many/many$ +^social/social$ +^and/and$ +^political/political$ +^problems/problem$ +^continued/continue$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^guerrilla/guerrilla$ +^groups/group$ +^were/be$ +^formally/formally$ +^created/create$ +^such as/such as$ +^the/the$ +^FARC/FARC$ +^,/,$ +^ELN/*ELN$ +^,/,$ +^EPL/*EPL$ +^,/,$ +^MAQL/*MAQL$ +^and/and$ +^M/M$^-/-$^19/19$ +^to/to$ +^fight/fight$ +^the/the$ +^government/government$ +^and/and$ +^political/political$ +^apparatus/apparatus$ +^./.$ + +^Since/Since$ +^the/the$ +^1960/1960$^s/*s$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^country/country$ +^has/have$ +^suffered from/suffer# from$ +^an/a$ +^asymmetric/asymmetric$ +^low/low$ +^-/-$ +^intensity/intensity$ +^armed/armed$ +^conflict/conflict$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^government/government$ +^forces/force$ +^,/,$ +^left-wing/left-wing$ +^guerrilla/guerrilla$ +^groups/group$ +^and/and$ +^right-wing/right-wing$ +^paramilitaries/*paramilitaries$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^conflict/conflict$ +^escalated/*escalated$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^1990/1990$ +^s/*s$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^conflict/conflict$ +^in/in$ +^Colombia/Colombia$ +^takes place/take# place$ +^mainly/mainly$ +^in/in$ +^remote/remote$ +^rural/rural$ +^areas/area$ +^or/or$ +^marginalised/*marginalised$ +^sectors/sector$ +^of/of$ +^very/very$ +^difficult/difficult$ +^access/access$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^United States/United States$ +^of/of$ +^America/America$ +^has/have$ +^been/be$ +^heavily/heavily$ +^involved/involve$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^conflict/conflict$ +^since/since$ +^its/its$ +^beginnings/beginning$ +^,/,$ +^when/when$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^early/early$ +^1960/1960$^s/*s$ +^the/the$ +^U.S./U.S.$ +^government/government$ +^pushed/push$ +^the/the$ +^Colombian/colombian$ +^military/military$ +^to/to$ +^attack/attack$ +^peasant/peasant$ +^self-defence/self-defence$ +^communities/community$ +^in/in$ +^rural/rural$ +^Colombia/Colombia$ +^./.$ + +^This/This$ +^was/be$ +^part/part$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^U.S./U.S.$ +^fight/fight$ +^against/against$ +^communism/communism$ +^./.$ + +^On/On$ +^4/4$ +^July/July$ +^1991/1991$ +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^new/new$ +^Constitution/Constitution$ +^was/be$ +^promulgated/*promulgated$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^changes/change$ +^generated/generate$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^new/new$ +^constitution/constitution$ +^are/be$ +^viewed/view$ +^as/as$ +^positive/positive$ +^by/by$ +^Colombian/colombian$ +^society/society$ +^./.$ + +^During/During$ +^the/the$ +^presidency/presidency$ +^of/of$ +^Álvaro/Álvaro$ +^Uribe/*Uribe$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^government/government$ +^applied/apply$ +^more/more$ +^military/military$ +^pressure/pressure$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^FARC/FARC$ +^and/and$ +^other/other$ +^outlawed/*outlawed$ +^groups/group$ +^./.$ + +^After/After$ +^the/the$ +^offensive/offensive$ +^,/,$ +^many/many$ +^security/security$ +^indicators/indicator$ +^improved/improve$ +^./.$ + +^Since/Since$ +^2002/2002$ +^the/the$ +^violence/violence$ +^decreased/*decreased$ +^significantly/significantly$ +^,/,$ +^with/with$ +^some/some$ +^paramilitary/*paramilitary$ +^groups/group$ +^demobilising/*demobilising$ +^as/as$ +^part/part$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^controversial/controversial$ +^peace/peace$ +^process/process$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^guerrillas/guerrilla$ +^lost/lose$ +^control/control$ +^of/of$ +^much/much$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^territory/territory$ +^they/prpers$ +^had/have$ +^once/once$ +^dominated/dominate$ +^./.$ + +^Colombia/Colombia$ +^achieved/achieve$ +^a/a$ +^great/great$ +^decrease/decrease$ +^in/in$ +^cocaine/cocaine$ +^production/production$ +^,/,$ +^leading/lead$ +^White/white$ +^House/House$ +^drug/drug$ +^czar/*czar$ +^R/*R$^./.$ +^Gil/Gil$ +^Kerlikowske/*Kerlikowske$ +^to/to$ +^announce/announce$ +^that/that$ +^Colombia/Colombia$ +^is/be$ +^no longer/no longer$ +^the/the$ +^world/world$ + ^'s/'s$ +^biggest/big$ +^producer/producer$ +^of/of$ +^cocaine/cocaine$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^February/February$ +^2008/2008$ +^,/,$ +^millions/million$ +^of/of$ +^Colombians/Colombian$ +^demonstrated/demonstrate$ +^against/against$ +^the/the$ +^FARC/FARC$ +^./.$ + +^26,648/26,648$ +^FARC/FARC$ +^and/and$ +^ELN/*ELN$ +^combatants/*combatants$ +^have/have$ +^decided/decide$ +^to/to$ +^demobilise/*demobilise$ +^since/since$ +^2002/2002$ +^./.$ + +^During/During$ +^these/this$ +^years/year$ +^the/the$ +^military/military$ +^forces/force$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Republic/Republic$ +^of/of$ +^Colombia/Colombia$ +^managed/manage$ +^to/to$ +^be/be$ +^strengthened/strengthen$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Peace/Peace$ +^process/process$ +^in/in$ +^Colombia/Colombia$ +^,/,$ +^2012/2012$ +^refers/refer$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^dialogue/dialogue$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^Colombian/colombian$ +^government/government$ +^and/and$ +^guerrilla/guerrilla$ +^of/of$ +^FARC/FARC$ +^-/-$ +^EP/*EP$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^aim/aim$ +^to/to$ +^find/find$ +^a/a$ +^political/political$ +^solution/solution$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^armed/armed$ +^conflict/conflict$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Colombian/colombian$ +^government/government$ +^and/and$ +^rebel/rebel$ +^groups/group$ +^meet/meet$ +^in/in$ +^Cuba/Cuba$ +^./.$ + +^As/As$ +^of/of$ +^November/November$ +^2013/2013$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^talks/talk$ +^have/have$ +^represented/represent$ +^breakthroughs/*breakthroughs$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Government/Government$ +^also/also$ +^began/begin$ +^a/a$ +^process/process$ +^of/of$ +^assistance/assistance$ +^and/and$ +^reparation/reparation$ +^for/for$ +^victims/victim$ +^of/of$ +^conflict/conflict$ +^./.$ + +^Colombia/Colombia$ +^shows/show$ +^modest/modest$ +^progress/progress$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^struggle/struggle$ +^to/to$ +^defend/defend$ +^human/human$ +^rights/right$ +^,/,$ +^as/as$ +^expressed/express$ +^by/by$ +^HRW/*HRW$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^terms/term$ +^of/of$ +^international/international$ +^relations/relation$ +^,/,$ +^Colombia/Colombia$ +^has/have$ +^moved/move$ +^from/from$ +^a/a$ +^period/period$ +^of/of$ +^tense/tense$ +^animosity/animosity$ +^with/with$ +^Venezuela/Venezuela$ +^,/,$ +^towards/towards$ +^a/a$ +^prosperous/prosperous$ +^outlook/outlook$ +^to/to$ +^further/further$ +^enhance/enhance$ +^integration/integration$ +^./.$ + +^Colombia/Colombia$ +^has/have$ +^also/also$ +^won/win$ +^a/a$ +^seat/seat$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^Security/Security$ +^Council/Council$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^UN/UN$ +^./.$ + +^Today/Today$ +^Colombia/Colombia$ +^is/be$ +^the/the$ +^third/third$ +^largest/large$ +^oil/oil$ +^producer/producer$ +^in/in$ +^South/South$ +^America/America$ +^and/and$ +^it/prpers$ +^is/be$ +^estimated/estimate$ +^that/that$ +^by/by$ +^2012/2012$ +^,/,$ +^Colombia/Colombia$ +^will/will$ +^be/be$ +^producing/produce$ +^a million/a million$ +^barrels/barrel$ +^a/a$ +^day/day$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^2012/2012$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^National/National$ +^Administrative/Administrative$ +^Department/Department$ +^of/of$ +^Statistics/Statistics$ +^(/($ +^DANE/DANE$ +^)/)$ +^reported/report$ +^that/that$ +^32.7%/32.7%$ +^of/of$ +^Colombians/Colombian$ +^were/be$ +^living/live$ +^below/below$ +^the/the$ +^poverty/poverty$ +^line/line$ +^,/,$ +^of which/of+which$ +^10.4%/10.4%$ +^in/in$ +^extreme/extreme$ +^poverty/poverty$ +^./.$ + +^More than/More than$ +^1.2/1.2$ +^million/million$ +^Colombians/Colombian$ +^have/have$ +^been/be$ +^lifted/*lifted$ +^out of/out of$ +^poverty/poverty$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^2012/2012$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Colombian/colombian$ +^Government/Government$ +^launched/launch$ +^a/a$ +^policy/policy$ +^to/to$ +^deliver/deliver$ +^100,000/100,000$ +^houses/house$ +^for/for$ +^poor/poor$ +^people/person$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^expansion/expansion$ +^of/of$ +^fiber/fibre$ +^optic/*optic$ +^and/and$ +^broadband/broadband$ +^coverage/coverage$ +^across/across$ +^the/the$ +^country/country$ +^and/and$ +^a/a$ +^subsidy/subsidy$ +^for/for$ +^to/to$ +^reduce/reduce$ +^the/the$ +^digital/digital$ +^divide/divide$ +^./.$ + +^Recent/Recent$ +^economic/economic$ +^growth/growth$ +^has/have$ +^led/lead$ +^to/to$ +^a/a$ +^considerable/considerable$ +^increase/increase$ +^of/of$ +^new/new$ +^millionaires/millionaire$ +^,/,$ +^including/include$ +^the/the$ +^new/new$ +^entrepreneurs/*entrepreneurs$ +^Colombians/Colombian$ +^with/with$ +^net/net$ +^worth/worth$ +^exceeding/exceed$ +^US/US$ +^\$/\$$ +^1/1$ +^billion/billion$ +^./.$ Index: languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/derbent1.consensus.txt =================================================================== --- languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/derbent1.consensus.txt (nonexistent) +++ languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/derbent1.consensus.txt (revision 80623) @@ -0,0 +1,1518 @@ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^is/be$ +^a/a$ +^city/city$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^Republic/republic$ +^of/of$ +^Dagestan/Dagestan$ +^,/,$ +^Russia/Russia$ +^,/,$ +^located/locate$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^Caspian/*Caspian$ +^Sea/sea$ +^,/,$ +^north/north$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Azerbaijani/*Azerbaijani$ +^border/border$ +^./.$ + +^It/prpers$ +^is/be$ +^the/the$ +^southernmost/*southernmost$ +^city/city$ +^in/in$ +^Russia/Russia$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^it/prpers$ +^is/be$ +^the/the$ +^second/second$ +^most/most$ +^important/important$ +^city/city$ +^of/of$ +^Dagestan/Dagestan$ +^./.$ + +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^occupies/occupy$ +^the/the$ +^very/very$ +^narrow/narrow$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^primary/primary$ +^,/,$ +^gateway/gateway$ +^crossing/cross$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^Eurasian/*Eurasian$ +^steppes/steppe$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^north/north$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Middle/middle$ +^East/east$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^south/south$ +^,/,$ +^through/through$ +^a/a$ +^very/very$ +^narrow/narrow$ +^coastal/coastal$ +^crossing/crossing$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^Caspian/*Caspian$ +^Sea/sea$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Caucasus/*Caucasus$ +^Mountains/mountain$ +^./.$ + +^Often/often$ +^identified/identify$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^legendary/legendary$ +^Gates/gate$ +^of/of$ +^Alexander/Alexander$ +^,/,$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^claims/claim$ +^to/to$ +^be/be$ +^the/the$ +^oldest/old$ +^city/city$ +^in/in$ +^Russia/Russia$ +^(/($ +^8th/8$ +^century/century$ +^BCE/*BCE$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^Since/since$ +^antiquity/antiquity$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^value/value$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^area/area$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^gateway/gateway$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^Caucasus/*Caucasus$ +^has/have$ +^been/be$ +^understood/understand$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^has/have$ +^archaeological/archaeological$ +^structures/structure$ +^over/over$ +^5,000/5,000$ +^years/year$ +^old/old$ +^./.$ + +^As/as$ +^a/a$ +^result/result$ +^of/of$ +^this/this$ +^geographical/geographical$ +^particularity/*particularity$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^city/city$ +^developed/develop$ +^between/between$ +^two/two$ +^walls/wall$ +^,/,$ +^stretching/stretch$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^mountains/mountain$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^sea/sea$ +^./.$ +^These/this$ +^fortifications/fortification$ +^were/be$ +^continuously/continuously$ +^employed/employ$ +^for/for$ +^a/a$ +^millennium/millennium$ +^and/and$ +^a/a$ +^half/half$ +^,/,$ +^longer/long$ +^than/than$ +^any/any$ +^other/other$ +^extant/*extant$ +^fortress/fortress$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^world/world$ +^./.$ + +^Over/over$ +^the/the$ +^years/year$ +^,/,$ +^different/different$ +^nations/nation$ +^have/have$ +^given/give$ +^the/the$ +^city/city$ +^different/different$ +^names/name$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^all/all$ +^connected/connect$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^word/word$ +^gate/gate$ +^;/;$ +^its/its$ +^name/name$ +^in/in$ +^Persian/Persian$ +^is/be$ +^Darband/*Darband$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^means/mean$ +" +^closed/close$ +^gates/gate$ +" +^./.$ + +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^has/have$ +^an/a$ +^important/important$ +^strategic/strategic$ +^location/location$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^Caucasus/*Caucasus$ +^:/:$ +^the/the$ +^city/city$ +^is/be$ +^situated/situate$ +^on/on$ +^a/a$ +^narrow/narrow$ +^,/,$ +^three/three$ +^-/-$ +^kilometre/kilometre$ +^strip/strip$ +^of/of$ +^land/land$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^Caspian/*Caspian$ +^Sea/sea$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Caucasus/*Caucasus$ +^mountains/mountain$ +^./.$ + +^Historically/historically$ +^,/,$ +^this/this$ +^position/position$ +^allowed/allow$ +^the/the$ +^rulers/ruler$ +^of/of$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^to/to$ +^control/control$ +^land/land$ +^traffic/traffic$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^Eurasian/*Eurasian$ +^Steppe/steppe$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Middle/middle$ +^East/east$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^only/only$ +^other/other$ +^practicable/practicable$ +^crossing/crossing$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Caucasus/*Caucasus$ +^ridge/*ridge$ +^was/be$ +^over/over$ +^the/the$ +^Darial/*Darial$ +^Gorge/*Gorge$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^first/first$ +^intensive/intensive$ +^settlement/settlement$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^area/area$ +^dates/date$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^8th/8$ +^century/century$ +^BCE/*BCE$ +^;/;$ +^the/the$ +^site/site$ +^was/be$ +^intermittently/*intermittently$ +^controlled/control$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Persian/persian$ +^monarchs/monarch$ +^,/,$ +^starting/start$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^6th/6$ +^century/century$ +^BCE/*BCE$ +^./.$ + +^Until/until$ +^the/the$ +^4th/4$ +^century/century$ +^CE/*CE$ +^,/,$ +^it/prpers$ +^was/be$ +^part/part$ +^of/of$ +^Caucasian/*Caucasian$ +^Albania/Albania$ +^and/and$ +^is/be$ +^traditionally/traditionally$ +^identified/identify$ +^with/with$ +^Albana/Albana$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^capital/capital$ +^./.$ +^The/the$ +^modern/modern$ +^name/name$ +^is/be$ +^a/a$ +^Persian/persian$ +^word/word$ +^meaning/mean$ +" +^gateway/gateway$ +" +^./.$ + +^This/this$ +^name/name$ +^came/come$ +^into/into$ +^use/use$ +^at/at$ +^the/the$ +^end/end$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^5th/5$ +^or/or$ +^the/the$ +^beginning/begin$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^6th/6$ +^century/century$ +^CE/*CE$ +^,/,$ +^when/when$ +^the/the$ +^city/city$ +^was/be$ +^re-established/re-establish$ +^by/by$ +^Kavadh/*Kavadh$ +^I/I$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Sassanid/*Sassanid$ +^dynasty/dynasty$ +^of/of$ +^Persia/Persia$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^20/20$ +^-/-$ +^metre/metre$ +^(/($ +^66/66$ +^ft/*ft$ +^)/)$ +^high/high$ +^walls/wall$ +^with/with$ +^thirty/thirty$ +^north/north$ +^-/-$ +^looking/look$ +^towers/tower$ +^are/be$ +^believed/believe$ +^to/to$ +^belong/belong$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^time/time$ +^of/of$ +^Kavadh/*Kavadh$ + ^'s/'s$ +^son/son$ +^,/,$ +^Khosrau/*Khosrau$ +^I/I$ +^./.$ +^The/the$ +^chronicler/chronicler$ +^Movses/*Movses$ +^Kagankatvatsi/*Kagankatvatsi$ +^wrote/write$ +^about/about$ +" +^the/the$ +^wondrous/*wondrous$ +^walls/wall$ +^,/,$ +^for/for$ +^whose/whose$ +^construction/construction$ +^the/the$ +^Persian/persian$ +^kings/king$ +^exhausted/exhaust$ +^our/our$ +^country/country$ +^,/,$ +^recruiting/*recruiting$ +^architects/architect$ +^and/and$ +^collecting/collect$ +^building/building$ +^materials/material$ +^with/with$ +^a/a$ +^view/view$ +^to/to$ +^constructing/construct$ +^a/a$ +^great/great$ +^edifice/edifice$ +^stretching/stretch$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^Caucasus/*Caucasus$ +^Mountains/mountain$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Great/great$ +^Eastern/eastern$ +^Sea/sea$^./.$ +" + +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^became/become$ +^a/a$ +^strong/strong$ +^military/military$ +^outpost/*outpost$ +^and/and$ +^harbour/harbour$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Sassanid/*Sassanid$ +^empire/empire$ +^./.$ +^During/during$ +^the/the$ +^5th/5$ +^and/and$ +^6th/6$ +^centuries/century$ +^,/,$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^also/also$ +^became/become$ +^an/a$ +^important/important$ +^centre/centre$ +^for/for$ +^spreading/spread$ +^the/the$ +^Christian/christian$ +^faith/faith$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^Caucasus/*Caucasus$ +^./.$ + +^Movses/*Movses$ +^Kagankatvatsi/*Kagankatvatsi$ +^left/leave$ +^a/a$ +^graphic/graphic$ +^description/description$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^sack/sack$ +^of/of$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^hordes/horde$ +^of/of$ +^Tong/*Tong$ +^Yabghu/*Yabghu$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Western/western$ +^Turkic/*Turkic$ +^Khaganate/*Khaganate$ +^in/in$ +^627/627$ +^./.$ + +^His/his$ +^successor/successor$ +^,/,$ +^Böri/*Böri$ +^Shad/*Shad$ +^,/,$ +^proved/prove$ +^unable/unable$ +^to/to$ +^consolidate/consolidate$ +^Tong/*Tong$ +^Yabghu/*Yabghu$ + ^'s/'s$ +^conquests/conquest$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^city/city$ +^was/be$ +^retaken/*retaken$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Persians/Persian$ +^./.$ + +^In/in$ +^654/654$ +^,/,$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^was/be$ +^captured/capture$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Arabs/Arab$ +^,/,$ +^who/who$ +^transformed/transform$ +^it/prpers$ +^into/into$ +^an/a$ +^important/important$ +^administrative/administrative$ +^centre/centre$ +^and/and$ +^introduced/introduce$ +^Islam/*Islam$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^area/area$ +^./.$ + +^Because/because$ +^of/of$ +^its/its$ +^strategic/strategic$ +^position/position$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^northern/northern$ +^branch/branch$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Silk/silk$ +^Route/route$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^fortress/fortress$ +^was/be$ +^contested/contest$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Khazars/*Khazars$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^course/course$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^-/-$ +^Arab/arab$ +^Wars/war$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^Sassanids/*Sassanids$ +^had/have$ +^also/also$ +^brought/bring$ +^Armenians/*Armenians$ +^from/from$ +^Syunik/*Syunik$ +^to/to$ +^help/help$ +^protect/protect$ +^the/the$ +^pass/pass$ +^from/from$ +^invaders/*invaders$ +^;/;$ +^as/as$ +^Arab/arab$ +^rule/rule$ +^weakened/weaken$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^region/region$ +^at/at$ +^the/the$ +^end/end$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^ninth/ninth$ +^century/century$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Armenians/*Armenians$ +^living/live$ +^there/there$ +^were/be$ +^able/able$ +^to/to$ +^establish/establish$ +^a/a$ +^kingdom/kingdom$ +^of/of$ +^their/their$ +^own/own$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^lasted/last$ +^until/until$ +^the/the$ +^early/early$ +^years/year$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^thirteenth/thirteenth$ +^century/century$ +^./.$ + +^Excavations/excavation$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^eastern/eastern$ +^side/side$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Caspian/*Caspian$ +^Sea/sea$ +^,/,$ +^opposite/opposite$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^,/,$ +^revealed/reveal$ +^the/the$ +^Great/great$ +^Wall/wall$ +^of/of$ +^Gorgan/*Gorgan$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^eastern/eastern$ +^counterpart/*counterpart$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^wall/wall$ +^and/and$ +^fortifications/fortification$ +^of/of$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^./.$ + +^Similar/similar$ +^Sassanian/*Sassanian$ +^defensive/defensive$ +^fortifications/fortification$ +^there/there$ +^—/—$ +^massive/massive$ +^forts/*forts$ +^,/,$ +^garrison/*garrison$ +^towns/town$ +^,/,$ +^long/long$ +^walls/wall$ +^—/—$ +^also/also$ +^run/run$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^sea/sea$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^mountains/mountain$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^Caliph/caliph$ +^Harun/*Harun$ +^al-Rashid/al-Rashid$ +^spent/spend$ +^time/time$ +^living/live$ +^in/in$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^and/and$ +^brought/bring$ +^it/prpers$ +^into/into$ +^great/great$ +^repute/*repute$ +^as/as$ +^a/a$ +^seat/seat$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^arts/art$ +^and/and$ +^commerce/commerce$ +^./.$ + +^According to/according to$ +^Arab/arab$ +^historians/historian$ +^,/,$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^,/,$ +^with/with$ +^a/a$ +^population/population$ +^exceeding/exceed$ +^50,000/50,000$ +^,/,$ +^was/be$ +^the/the$ +^largest/large$ +^city/city$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^9th/9$ +^century/century$ +^Caucasus/*Caucasus$ +^./.$ + +^In/in$ +^the/the$ +^10th/10$ +^century/century$ +^,/,$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^collapse/collapse$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Arab/arab$ +^Caliphate/*Caliphate$ +^,/,$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^became/become$ +^the/the$ +^capital/capital$ +^of/of$ +^an/a$ +^emirate/emirate$ +^./.$ + +^This/this$ +^emirate/emirate$ +^often/often$ +^fought/fight$ +^losing/lose$ +^wars/war$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^neighbouring/neighbouring$ +^Christian/christian$ +^state/state$ +^of/of$ +^Sarir/*Sarir$ +^,/,$ +^allowing/allow$ +^Sarir/*Sarir$ +^to/to$ +^occasionally/occasionally$ +^manipulate/manipulate$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^'s/'s$ +^politics/politics$ +^./.$ + +^Despite/despite$ +^that/that$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^emirate/emirate$ +^outlived/*outlived$ +^its/its$ +^rival/rival$ +^and/and$ +^continued/continue$ +^to/to$ +^flourish/*flourish$ +^at/at$ +^the/the$ +^time/time$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Mongol/*Mongol$ +^invasion/invasion$ +^in/in$ +^1239/1239$ +^./.$ + +^In/in$ +^the/the$ +^14th/14$ +^century/century$ +^,/,$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^was/be$ +^occupied/occupy$ +^by/by$ +^Timur/*Timur$ + ^'s/'s$ +^armies/army$ +^./.$ + +^In/in$ +^1437/1437$ +^,/,$ +^it/prpers$ +^fell/fall$ +^under/under$ +^the/the$ +^control/control$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Shirvanshahs/*Shirvanshahs$ +^of/of$ +^Azerbaijan/Azerbaijan$ +^./.$ + +^During/during$ +^the/the$ +^16th/16$ +^century/century$ +^,/,$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^was/be$ +^the/the$ +^arena/arena$ +^for/for$ +^wars/war$ +^between/between$ +^Turkey/Turkey$ +^and/and$ +^Persia/Persia$ +^ruled/rule$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Iranian/iranian$ +^Safavid/*Safavid$ +^dynasty/dynasty$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^Ottoman/*Ottoman$ +^Empire/empire$ +^gained/gain$ +^control/control$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^city/city$ +^following/follow$ +^the/the$ +^Battle/battle$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Torches/torch$ +^in/in$ +^1583/1583$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^Ottoman/*Ottoman$ +^ownership/ownership$ +^was/be$ +^secured/secure$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^Treaty/treaty$ +^of/of$ +^Istanbul/Istanbul$ +^of/of$ +^1590/1590$ +^./.$ + +^By/by$ +^the/the$ +^1735/1735$ +^Ganja/*Ganja$ +^treaty/treaty$ +^,/,$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^fell/fall$ +^within/within$ +^the/the$ +^Persian/persian$ +^state/state$ +^./.$ + +^In/in$ +^1722/1722$ +^,/,$ +^during/during$ +^the/the$ +^Russo/*Russo$ +^-/-$ +^Persian/persian$ +^War/war$ +^,/,$ +^Peter/Peter$ +^the/the$ +^Great/great$ +^of/of$ +^Russia/Russia$ +^wrested/*wrested$ +^the/the$ +^town/town$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^Persians/Persian$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^in/in$ +^1736/1736$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^supremacy/supremacy$ +^of/of$ +^Nadir/nadir$ +^Shah/*Shah$ +^was/be$ +^again/again$ +^recognised/recognise$ +^./.$ + +^In/in$ +^1747/1747$ +^,/,$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^became/become$ +^the/the$ +^capital/capital$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^Khanate/*Khanate$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^same/same$ +^name/name$ +^./.$ + +^During/during$ +^the/the$ +^Persian/persian$ +^Expedition/expedition$ +^of/of$ +^1796/1796$ +^,/,$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^was/be$ +^stormed/*stormed$ +^by/by$ +^Russian/russian$ +^forces/force$ +^under/under$ +^Valerian/*Valerian$ +^Zubov/*Zubov$ +^./.$ + +^As/as$ +^a/a$ +^consequence/consequence$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Treaty/treaty$ +^of/of$ +^Gulistan/*Gulistan$ +^of/of$ +^1813/1813$ +^—/—$ +^between/between$ +^Russia/Russia$ +^and/and$ +^Persia/Persia$ +^—/—$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^became/become$ +^part/part$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Russian/russian$ +^Empire/empire$ +^./.$ + +^A/a$ +^large/large$ +^portion/portion$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^walls/wall$ +^and/and$ +^several/several$ +^watchtowers/watchtower$ +^have/have$ +^been/be$ +^preserved/preserve$ +^in/in$ +^reasonable/reasonable$ +^shape/shape$ +^until/until$ +^the/the$ +^present/present$ +^day/day$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^walls/wall$ +^,/,$ +^reaching/reach$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^sea/sea$ +^,/,$ +^date/date$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^6th/6$ +^century/century$ +^,/,$ +^Sassanid/*Sassanid$ +^dynasty/dynasty$ +^period/period$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^city/city$ +^has/have$ +^a/a$ +^well-preserved/well-preserved$ +^citadel/citadel$ +^,/,$ +^enclosing/enclose$ +^an/a$ +^area/area$ +^of/of$ +^4.5/4.5$ +^hectares/hectare$ +^(/($ +^11/11$ +^acres/acre$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^enclosed/enclose$ +^by/by$ +^strong/strong$ +^walls/wall$ +^./.$ + +^Historical/historical$ +^attractions/attraction$ +^include/include$ +^the/the$ +^baths/bath$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^cisterns/*cisterns$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^old/old$ +^cemeteries/*cemeteries$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^caravanserai/*caravanserai$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^18th/18$ +^-/-$ +^century/century$ +^Khan/*Khan$ +^'s/'s$ +^mausoleum/mausoleum$ +^,/,$ +^as/as$ +^well/well$ +^as/as$ +^several/several$ +^mosques/mosque$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^oldest/old$ +^mosque/mosque$ +^is/be$ +^the/the$ +^Juma/*Juma$ +^Mosque/mosque$ +^,/,$ +^built/build$ +^over/over$ +^a/a$ +^6th/6$ +^-/-$ +^century/century$ +^Christian/christian$ +^basilica/basilica$ +^;/;$ +^it/prpers$ +^has/have$ +^a/a$ +^15th/15$ +^-/-$ +^century/century$ +^madrassa/*madrassa$ +^./.$ +^Other/other$ +^shrines/*shrines$ +^include/include$ +^the/the$ +^17th/17$ +^-/-$ +^century/century$ +^Kyrhlyar/*Kyrhlyar$ +^mosque/mosque$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Bala/*Bala$ +^mosque/mosque$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^18th/18$ +^-/-$ +^century/century$ +^Chertebe/*Chertebe$ +^mosque/mosque$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^modern/modern$ +^city/city$ +^is/be$ +^built/build$ +^near/near$ +^the/the$ +^western/western$ +^shores/shore$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Caspian/*Caspian$ +^Sea/sea$ +^,/,$ +^south/south$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Rubas/*Rubas$ +^River/river$ +^,/,$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^slopes/slope$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Tabasaran/*Tabasaran$ +^Mountains/mountain$ +^(/($ +^part/part$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Bigger/big$ +^Caucasus/*Caucasus$ +^range/range$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^is/be$ +^well/well$ +^served/serve$ +^by/by$ +^public/public$ +^transport/transport$ +^,/,$ +^with/with$ +^its/its$ +^own/own$ +^harbour/harbour$ +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^railway/railway$ +^going/go$ +^south/south$ +^to/to$ +^Baku/*Baku$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^road/road$ +^from/from$ +^Baku/*Baku$ +^to/to$ +^Rostov-on-Don/Rostov-on-Don$ +^./.$ + +^To/to$ +^the/the$ +^north/north$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^town/town$ +^is/be$ +^the/the$ +^monument/monument$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Kirk-lar/*Kirk-lar$ +^,/,$ +^or/or$ +^forty/forty$ +^heroes/hero$ +^,/,$ +^who/who$ +^fell/fall$ +^defending/defend$ +^Dagestan/Dagestan$ +^against/against$ +^the/the$ +^Arabs/Arab$ +^in/in$ +^728/728$ +^./.$ + +^To/to$ +^the/the$ +^south/south$ +^lies/lie$ +^the/the$ +^seaward/*seaward$ +^extremity/extremity$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Caucasian/*Caucasian$ +^wall/wall$ +^(/($ +^fifty/fifty$ +^metres/metre$ +^long/long$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^otherwise/*otherwise$ +^known/know$ +^as/as$ +^Alexander/Alexander$ +^'s/'s$ +^Wall/wall$ +^,/,$ +^blocking/block$ +^the/the$ +^narrow/narrow$ +^pass/pass$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Iron/iron$ +^Gate/gate$ +^or/or$ +^Caspian/*Caspian$ +^Gates/gate$ +^(/($ +^Portae/*Portae$ +^Athanae/*Athanae$ +^or/or$ +^Portae/*Portae$ +^Caspiae/*Caspiae$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^This/this$ +^,/,$ +^when/when$ +^complete/complete$ +^,/,$ +^had/have$ +^a/a$ +^height/height$ +^of/of$ +^9/9$ +^m/*m$ +^(/($ +^29/29$ +^ft/*ft$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^was/be$ +^about/about$ +^3/3$ +^m/*m$ +^(/($ +^10/10$ +^ft/*ft$ +^)/)$ +^thick/thick$ +^and/and$ +^,/,$ +^with/with$ +^its/its$ +^iron/iron$ +^gates/gate$ +^and/and$ +^numerous/numerous$ +^watchtowers/watchtower$ +^,/,$ +^formed/form$ +^a/a$ +^valuable/valuable$ +^defence/defence$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Persian/persian$ +^frontier/frontier$ +^./.$ + +^Within/within$ +^the/the$ +^framework/framework$ +^of/of$ +^administrative/administrative$ +^divisions/division$ +^,/,$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^serves/serve$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^administrative/administrative$ +^centre/centre$ +^of/of$ +^Derbentsky/Derbentsky$ +^District/district$ +^,/,$ +^even/even$ +^though/though$ +^it/prpers$ +^is/be$ +^not/not$ +^a/a$ +^part/part$ +^of/of$ +^it/prpers$ +^./.$ + +^As/as$ +^an/a$ +^administrative/administrative$ +^division/division$ +^,/,$ +^it/prpers$ +^is/be$ +^incorporated/incorporate$ +^separately/separately$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^City/city$ +^of/of$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^—/—$ +^an/a$ +^administrative/administrative$ +^unit/unit$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^status/status$ +^equal/equal$ +^to/to$ +^that/that$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^districts/district$ +^./.$ + +^As/as$ +^a/a$ +^municipal/municipal$ +^division/division$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^City/city$ +^of/of$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^is/be$ +^incorporated/incorporate$ +^as/as$ +^Derbent/Derbent$ +^Urban/urban$ +^Okrug/*Okrug$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^city/city$ +^is/be$ +^home/home$ +^to/to$ +^machine/machine$ +^building/build$ +^,/,$ +^food/food$ +^,/,$ +^textile/textile$ +^,/,$ +^fishing/fishing$ +^and/and$ +^fishery/*fishery$ +^supplies/supply$ +^,/,$ +^construction/construction$ +^materials/material$ +^and/and$ +^wood/wood$ +^industries/industry$ +^./.$ + +^It/prpers$ +^is/be$ +^the/the$ +^production/production$ +^centre/centre$ +^of/of$ +^Russian/russian$ +^brandy/*brandy$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^education/education$ +^infrastructure/infrastructure$ +^is/be$ +^fairly/fairly$ +^extensive/extensive$ +^;/;$ +^there/there$ +^is/be$ +^a/a$ +^university/university$ +^as/as$ +^well/well$ +^as/as$ +^several/several$ +^technical/technical$ +^schools/school$ +^./.$ + +^About/about$ +^two/two$ +^kilometres/kilometre$ +^(/($ +^1.2/1.2$ +^miles/mile$ +^)/)$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^city/city$ +^is/be$ +^the/the$ +^holiday/holiday$ +^complex/complex$ +^of/of$ +^Chayka/*Chayka$ +^(/($ +^Seagull/seagull$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ Index: languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/karabakh1.consensus.txt =================================================================== --- languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/karabakh1.consensus.txt (nonexistent) +++ languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/karabakh1.consensus.txt (revision 80623) @@ -0,0 +1,323 @@ +^During/During$ +^the/the$ +^Soviet/Soviet$ +^period/period$ +^,/,$ +^many/many$ +^Armenians/Armenian$ +^and/and$ +^Azeris/Azeris$ +^lived/live$ +^together/together$ +^peacefully/peacefully$ +^./.$ + +^However/However$ +^,/,$ +^when/when$ +^Mikhail/Mikhail$ +^Gorbachev/Gorbachev$ +^introduced/introduce$ +^the/the$ +^policies/policy$ +^of/of$ +^Glasnost/*Glasnost$ +^and/and$ +^Perestroika/*Perestroika$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^majority/majority$ +^Armenians/Armenian$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^autonomous/autonomous$ +^area/area$ +^of/of$ +^Nagorno Karabakh/Nagorno Karabakh$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^Azerbaijan/Azerbaijan$ +^SSR/SSR$ +^began/begin$ +^a/a$ +^movement/movement$ +^to/to$ +^unify/unify$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^Armenian/Armenian$ +^SSR/SSR$ +^./.$ +^In/In$ +^1988/1988$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Armenians/Armenian$ +^of/of$ +^Karabakh/Karabakh$ +^voted/vote$ +^to/to$ +^secede/*secede$ +^and/and$ +^join/join$ +^Armenia/Armenia$ +^./.$ +^This/This$ +^,/,$ +^along with/along with$ +^Armenian/Armenian$ +^massacres/massacre$ +^and/and$ +^pogroms/*pogroms$ +^in/in$ +^Azerbaijan/Azerbaijan$ +^resulted/result$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^conflict/conflict$ +^that/that$ +^became/become$ +^known/know$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^Nagorno Karabakh/Nagorno Karabakh$ +^War/War$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^violence/violence$ +^resulted/result$ +^in/in$ +^de facto/de facto$ +^Armenian/Armenian$ +^control/control$ +^of/of$ +^Nagorno Karabakh/Nagorno Karabakh$ +^and/and$ +^some/some$ +^surrounding/surrounding$ +^areas/area$ +^which/which$ +^was/be$ +^effectively/effectively$ +^halted/halt$ +^when/when$ +^both/both$ +^sides/side$ +^agrees to/agree# to$ +^observe/observe$ +^a/a$ +^cease-fire/cease-fire$ +^which/which$ +^has/have$ +^been/be$ +^in/in$ +^effect/effect$ +^since/since$ +^May/May$ +^1994/1994$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^in/in$ +^late/late$ +^1995/1995$ +^both/both$ +^also/also$ +^agreed to/agree# to$ +^OSCE/OSCE$ +^field/field$ +^gis/*gis$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Minsk/Minsk$ +^Group/Group$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^OSCE/OSCE$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Minsk/Minsk$ +^Group/Group$ +^is/be$ +^currently/currently$ +^co-chaired/co-chair$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^U.S./U.S.$ +^,/,$ +^France/France$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^Russia/Russia$ +^and/and$ +^comprises/comprise$ +^Armenia/Armenia$ +^,/,$ +^Azerbaijan/Azerbaijan$ +^,/,$ +^Turkey/Turkey$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^several/several$ +^Western/Western$ +^European/European$ +^nations/nation$ +^./.$ + +^Despite/Despite$ +^this/this$ +^cease-fire/cease-fire$ +^,/,$ +^upwards/upwards$ +^of/of$ +^40/40$ +^clashes/clash$ +^are/be$ +^reported/report$ +^along/along$ +^the/the$ +^Nagorno Karabakh/Nagorno Karabakh$ +^conflict/conflict$ +^lines/line$ +^of/of$ +^control/control$ +^each/each$ +^year/year$ +^./.$ + +^Since/Since$ +^1997/1997$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Minsk/Minsk$ +^Group/Group$ +^Co-Chairs/Co-Chair$ +^have/have$ +^presented/present$ +^three/three$ +^proposals/proposal$ +^to/to$ +^serve/serve$ +^as a/as a$ +^framework/framework$ +^for/for$ +^resolving/resolve$ +^the/the$ +^conflict/conflict$ +^./.$ + +^One/One$ +^side/side$ +^or/or$ +^the/the$ +^other/other$ +^rejected/reject$ +^each/each$ +^of/of$ +^those/that$ +^proposals/proposal$ +^./.$ + +^Beginning/Begin$ +^in/in$ +^1999/1999$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Presidents/President$ +^of/of$ +^Azerbaijan/Azerbaijan$ +^and/and$ +^Armenia/Armenia$ +^initiated/initiate$ +^a/a$ +^direct/direct$ +^dialogue/dialogue$ +^through/through$ +^a/a$ +^series/series$ +^of/of$ +^face-to-face/face-to-face$ +^meetings/meeting$ +^,/,$ +^often/often$ +^facilitated/facilitate$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Minsk/Minsk$ +^Group/Group$ +^Co-Chairs/Co-Chair$ +^./.$ + +^Most/Most$ +^recently/recently$ +^the/the$ +^OSCE/OSCE$ +^sponsored/sponsor$ +^a/a$ +^round/round$ +^of/of$ +^negotiations/negotiation$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^Presidents/President$ +^in/in$ +^Key West/Key West$ +^,/,$ +^Florida/Florida$ +^./.$ +^U.S./U.S.$ +^Secretary/Secretary$ +^of/of$ +^State/State$ +^Colin/Colin$ +^Powell/Powell$ +^launched/launch$ +^the/the$ +^talks/talk$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^3rd April/3rd April$ +^,/,$ +^2001/2001$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^negotiations/negotiation$ +^continued/continue$ +^with/with$ +^mediation/mediation$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^U.S./U.S.$ +^,/,$ +^Russia/Russia$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^France/France$ +^until/until$ +^the/the$ +^6th April/6th April$ +^,/,$ +^2001/2001$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Co-Chairs/Co-Chair$ +^are/be$ +^continuing/continue$ +^to/to$ +^work/work$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^two/two$ +^Presidents/President$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^hope/hope$ +^of/of$ +^finding/find$ +^a/a$ +^lasting/lasting$ +^peace/peace$ +^./.$ Index: languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/kazakhstan1.consensus.txt =================================================================== --- languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/kazakhstan1.consensus.txt (nonexistent) +++ languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/kazakhstan1.consensus.txt (revision 80623) @@ -0,0 +1,831 @@ +^The/The$ +^Kyrgyz/*Kyrgyz$ +^Autonomous/Autonomous$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^Socialist/Socialist$ +^Republic/Republic$ +^was/be$ +^set up/set# up$ +^in/in$ +^1920/1920$ +^and/and$ +^was/be$ +^renamed/rename$ +^the/the$ +^Kazakh/*Kazakh$ +^Autonomous/Autonomous$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^Socialist/Socialist$ +^Republic/Republic$ +^in/in$ +^1925/1925$ +^when/when$ +^the/the$ +^Kazakhs/*Kazakhs$ +^were/be$ +^differentiated/differentiate$ +^officially/officially$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^Kyrgyz/*Kyrgyz$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Russian/russian$ +^Empire/Empire$ +^recognised/recognise$ +^the/the$ +^ethnic/ethnic$ +^difference/difference$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^two/two$ +^groups/group$ +^;/;$ +^it/prpers$ +^called/call$ +^them/prpers$ +^both/both$ +^Kyrgyz/*Kyrgyz$ +^to/to$ +^avoid/avoid$ +^confusion/confusion$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^terms/term$ +^Kazakh/*Kazakh$ +^and/and$ +^Cossack/*Cossack$ +^(/($ +^both/both$ +^names/name$ +^originating/originate$ +^from/from$ +^Turkic/*Turkic$ +" +^free/free$ +^man/man$ +" +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^keeping/keep$ +^with/with$ +^practices/practice$ +^in/in$ +^other/other$ +^republics/republic$ +^at/at$ +^that/that$ +^time/time$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^parliament/parliament$ +^had/have$ +^named/name$ +^Nazarbayev/*Nazarbayev$ +^its/its$ +^chairman/chairman$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^then/then$ +^,/,$ +^soon/soon$ +^afterward/afterward$ +^,/,$ +^it/prpers$ +^had/have$ +^converted/convert$ +^the/the$ +^chairmanship/*chairmanship$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^presidency/presidency$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^republic/republic$ +^./.$ + +^In contrast/In contrast$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^presidents/president$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^other/other$ +^republics/republic$ +^,/,$ +^especially/especially$ +^those/that$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^independence/independence$ +^-/-$ +^minded/mind$ +^Baltic/*Baltic$ +^states/state$ +^,/,$ +^Nazarbayev/*Nazarbayev$ +^remained/remain$ +^strongly/strongly$ +^committed/commit$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^perpetuation/*perpetuation$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^Union/Union$ +^throughout/throughout$ +^the/the$ +^spring/spring$ +^and/and$ +^summer/summer$ +^of/of$ +^1991/1991$ +^./.$ + +^He/Prpers$ +^took/take$ +^this/this$ +^position/position$ +^largely/largely$ +^because/because$ +^he/prpers$ +^considered/consider$ +^the/the$ +^republics/republic$ +^too/too$ +^interdependent/interdependent$ +^economically/economically$ +^to/to$ +^survive/survive$ +^separation/separation$ +^./.$ + +^At the same time/At the same time$ +^,/,$ +^however/however$ +^,/,$ +^Nazarbayev/*Nazarbayev$ +^fought/fight$ +^hard/hard$ +^to/to$ +^secure/secure$ +^republic/republic$ +^control/control$ +^of/of$ +^Kazakhstan/Kazakhstan$ +^'s/'s$ +^enormous/enormous$ +^mineral/mineral$ +^wealth/wealth$ +^and/and$ +^industrial/industrial$ +^potential/potential$ +^./.$ + +^This/This$ +^objective/objective$ +^became/become$ +^particularly/particularly$ +^important/important$ +^after/after$ +^1990/1990$ +^,/,$ +^when/when$ +^it/prpers$ +^was/be$ +^learned/learn$ +^that/that$ +^Gorbachev/*Gorbachev$ +^had/have$ +^negotiated/negotiate$ +^an/a$ +^agreement/agreement$ +^with/with$ +^Chevron/Chevron$ +^,/,$ +^an/a$ +^American/american$ +^oil/oil$ +^company/company$ +^,/,$ +^to/to$ +^develop/develop$ +^Kazakhstan/Kazakhstan$ +^'s/'s$ +^Tengiz/*Tengiz$ +^oil/oil$ +^fields/field$ +^./.$ + +^Gorbachev/*Gorbachev$ +^did/do$ +^not/not$ +^consult/consult$ +^Nazarbayev/*Nazarbayev$ +^until/until$ +^talks/talk$ +^were/be$ +^nearly/nearly$ +^complete/complete$ +^./.$ + +^At/At$ +^Nazarbayev/*Nazarbayev$ +^'s/'s$ +^insistence/insistence$ +^,/,$ +^Moscow/Moscow$ +^surrendered/surrender$ +^control/control$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^republic/republic$ +^'s/'s$ +^mineral/mineral$ +^resources/resource$ +^in/in$ +^June/June$ +^1991/1991$ +^./.$ + +^Gorbachev/*Gorbachev$ +^'s/'s$ +^authority/authority$ +^crumbled/crumble$ +^rapidly/rapidly$ +^throughout/throughout$ +^1991/1991$ +^./.$ + +^Nazarbayev/*Nazarbayev$ +^,/,$ +^however/however$ +^,/,$ +^continued/continue$ +^to/to$ +^support/support$ +^him/prpers$ +^,/,$ +^persistently/*persistently$ +^urging/urge$ +^other/other$ +^republic/republic$ +^leaders/leader$ +^to/to$ +^sign/sign$ +^the/the$ +^revised/revised$ +^Union/Union$ +^Treaty/Treaty$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^Gorbachev/*Gorbachev$ +^had/have$ +^put/put$ +^forward/forward$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^last/last$ +^attempt/attempt$ +^to/to$ +^hold/hold$ +^the/the$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^Union/Union$ +^together/together$ +^./.$ + +^Kazakhstan/Kazakhstan$ +^has/have$ +^followed/follow$ +^the same/the same$ +^general/general$ +^political/political$ +^pattern/pattern$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^other/other$ +^four/four$ +^Central/Central$ +^Asian/asian$ +^states/state$ +^./.$ + +^After/After$ +^declaring/declare$ +^independence/independence$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^political/political$ +^structure/structure$ +^completely/completely$ +^dominated/dominate$ +^by/by$ +^Moscow/Moscow$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Communist/Communist$ +^Party/Party$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^Union/Union$ +^(/($ +^CPSU/*CPSU$ +^)/)$ +^until/until$ +^1991/1991$ +^,/,$ +^Kazakhstan/Kazakhstan$ +^retained/retain$ +^the/the$ +^basic/basic$ +^governmental/governmental$ +^structure/structure$ +^and/and$ +^,/,$ +^in fact/in fact$ +^,/,$ +^most of/most+of$ +^the same/the same$ +^leadership/leadership$ +^that/that$ +^had/have$ +^occupied/occupy$ +^the/the$ +^top/top$ +^levels/level$ +^of/of$ +^power/power$ +^in/in$ +^1990/1990$ +^./.$ + +^Nursultan/*Nursultan$ +^Nazarbayev/*Nazarbayev$ +^,/,$ +^first/first$ +^secretary/secretary$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Communist/Communist$ +^Party/Party$ +^of/of$ +^Kazakhstan/Kazakhstan$ +^(/($ +^CPK/*CPK$ +^)/)$ +^beginning/begin$ +^in/in$ +^1989/1989$ +^,/,$ +^was/be$ +^elected/elect$ +^president/president$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^republic/republic$ +^in/in$ +^1991/1991$ +^and/and$ +^remained/remain$ +^in/in$ +^undisputed/*undisputed$ +^power/power$ +^five/five$ +^years/year$ +^later/later$ +^./.$ + +^Nazarbayev/*Nazarbayev$ +^took/take$ +^several/several$ +^effective/effective$ +^steps/step$ +^to/to$ +^ensure/ensure$ +^his/his$ +^position/position$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^constitution/constitution$ +^of/of$ +^1993/1993$ +^made/make$ +^the/the$ +^prime minister/prime minister$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Council/Council$ +^of/of$ +^Ministers/Minister$ +^responsible/responsible$ +^solely/solely$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^president/president$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^in/in$ +^1995/1995$ +^a/a$ +^new/new$ +^constitution/constitution$ +^reinforced/reinforce$ +^that/that$ +^relationship/relationship$ +^./.$ + +^Furthermore/Furthermore$ +^,/,$ +^opposition/opposition$ +^parties/party$ +^were/be$ +^severely/severely$ +^limited/limit$ +^by/by$ +^legal/legal$ +^restrictions/restriction$ +^on/on$ +^their/their$ +^activities/activity$ +^./.$ + +^Within/Within$ +^that/that$ +^rigid/rigid$ +^framework/framework$ +^,/,$ +^Nazarbayev/*Nazarbayev$ +^gained/gain$ +^substantial/substantial$ +^popularity/popularity$ +^by/by$ +^limiting/limit$ +^the/the$ +^economic/economic$ +^shock/shock$ +^of/of$ +^separation/separation$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^security/security$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^Union/Union$ +^and/and$ +^by/by$ +^maintaining/maintain$ +^ethnic/ethnic$ +^harmony/harmony$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^highly/highly$ +^diverse/diverse$ +^country/country$ +^with/with$ +^more than/more than$ +^100/100$ +^different/different$ +^nationalities/nationality$ +^./.$ + +^There/There$ +^is/be$ +^considerable/considerable$ +^topographical/topographical$ +^variation/variation$ +^within/within$ +^Kazakhstan/Kazakhstan$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^highest/high$ +^point/point$ +^is/be$ +^the/the$ +^top/top$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^mountain/mountain$ +^Khan/*Khan$ +^Tengri/*Tengri$ +^,/,$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^Kyrgyz/*Kyrgyz$ +^border/border$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^Tian/*Tian$ +^Shan/*Shan$ +^range/range$ +^,/,$ +^with/with$ +^an/a$ +^elevation/elevation$ +^of/of$ +^7,010/7,010$ +^metres/metre$ +^;/;$ +^the/the$ +^lowest/low$ +^point/point$ +^is/be$ +^the/the$ +^bottom/bottom$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Karagiye/*Karagiye$ +^depression/depression$ +^at/at$ +^-/-$ +^132/132$ +^m/*m$ +^,/,$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^Mangystau/*Mangystau$ +^province/province$ +^east/east$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Caspian/*Caspian$ +^Sea/Sea$ +^./.$ + +^Most of/Most+of$ +^the/the$ +^country/country$ +^lies/lie$ +^at/at$ +^between/between$ +^200/200$ +^and/and$ +^300/300$ +^metres above sea level/metre# above sea level$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^Kazakhstan/Kazakhstan$ +^'s/'s$ +^Caspian/*Caspian$ +^shore/shore$ +^includes/include$ +^some/some$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^lowest/low$ +^elevations/elevation$ +^on/on$ +^Earth/Earth$ +^./.$ + +^Many/Many$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^peaks/peak$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Altay/*Altay$ +^and/and$ +^Tian/*Tian$ +^Shan/*Shan$ +^ranges/range$ +^are/be$ +^snow/snow$ +^covered/cover$ +^year/year$ +^-/-$ +^round/round$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^their/their$ +^run-off/run-off$ +^is/be$ +^the/the$ +^source/source$ +^for/for$ +^most of/most+of$ +^Kazakhstan/Kazakhstan$ +^'s/'s$ +^rivers/river$ +^and/and$ +^streams/stream$ +^./.$ + +^Except for/Except for$ +^the/the$ +^Tobol/*Tobol$ +^,/,$ +^Ishim/*Ishim$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^Irtysh/*Irtysh$ +^rivers/river$ +^(/($ +^the/the$ +^Kazakh/*Kazakh$ +^names/name$ +^for/for$ +^which/which$ +^are/be$ +^,/,$ +^respectively/respectively$ +^,/,$ +^Tobyl/*Tobyl$ +^,/,$ +^Esil/*Esil$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^Ertis/*Ertis$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^portions/portion$ +^of which/of+which$ +^flow/flow$ +^through/through$ +^Kazakhstan/Kazakhstan$ +^,/,$ +^all/all$ +^of/of$ +^Kazakhstan/Kazakhstan$ +^'s/'s$ +^rivers/river$ +^and/and$ +^streams/stream$ +^are/be$ +^part/part$ +^of/of$ +^landlocked/*landlocked$ +^systems/system$ +^./.$ + +^They/Prpers$ +^either/either$ +^flow into/flow# into$ +^isolated/isolated$ +^bodies/body$ +^of/of$ +^water/water$ +^such as/such as$ +^the/the$ +^Caspian/*Caspian$ +^Sea/Sea$ +^or/or$ +^simply/simply$ +^disappear/disappear$ +^into/into$ +^the/the$ +^steppes/steppe$ +^and/and$ +^deserts/desert$ +^of/of$ +^central/central$ +^and/and$ +^southern/southern$ +^Kazakhstan/Kazakhstan$ +^./.$ + +^Many/Many$ +^rivers/river$ +^,/,$ +^streams/stream$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^lakes/lake$ +^are/be$ +^seasonal/seasonal$ +^,/,$ +^evaporating/evaporate$ +^in/in$ +^summer/summer$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^three/three$ +^largest/large$ +^bodies/body$ +^of/of$ +^water/water$ +^are/be$ +^Lake/Lake$ +^Balkhash/*Balkhash$ +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^partially/partially$ +^fresh/fresh$ +^,/,$ +^partially/partially$ +^saline/*saline$ +^lake/lake$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^east/east$ +^,/,$ +^near/near$ +^Almaty/*Almaty$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Caspian/*Caspian$ +^and/and$ +^Aral/*Aral$ +^seas/sea$ +^,/,$ +^both/both$ +^of which/of+which$ +^lie/lie$ +^partially/partially$ +^within/within$ +^Kazakhstan/Kazakhstan$ +^./.$ + +^After/After$ +^the/the$ +^fall/fall$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^Union/Union$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^German/german$ +^population/population$ +^of/of$ +^Kazakhstan/Kazakhstan$ +^proceeded/proceed$ +^to/to$ +^emigrate/emigrate$ +^en masse/en masse$ +^during/during$ +^the/the$ +^1990s/1990s$ +^,/,$ +^as/as$ +^Germany/Germany$ +^is/be$ +^willing/willing$ +^to/to$ +^repatriate/repatriate$ +^them/prpers$ +^./.$ + +^Also/Also$ +^much/much$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^smaller/small$ +^Greek/greek$ +^minority/minority$ +^took/take$ +^the/the$ +^chance/chance$ +^to/to$ +^repatriate/repatriate$ +^to/to$ +^Greece/Greece$ +^,/,$ +^so/so$ +^did/do$ +^many/many$ +^Russians/Russian$ +^move/move$ +^to/to$ +^Russia/Russia$ +^./.$ + +^Some/Some$ +^groups/group$ +^have/have$ +^fewer/fewer$ +^good/good$ +^options/option$ +^for/for$ +^emigration/emigration$ +^but/but$ +^because of/because of$ +^the/the$ +^economic/economic$ +^situation/situation$ +^are/be$ +^also/also$ +^leaving/leave$ +^at/at$ +^rates/rate$ +^comparable/comparable$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^rest/rest$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^former/former$ +^Eastern/Eastern$ +^bloc/bloc$ +^./.$ Index: languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/khazars1.consensus.txt =================================================================== --- languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/khazars1.consensus.txt (nonexistent) +++ languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/khazars1.consensus.txt (revision 80623) @@ -0,0 +1,1647 @@ +^In/In$ +^the/the$ +^7th century CE/7th century CE$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Khazars/*Khazars$ +^founded/found$ +^an/a$ +^independent/independent$ +^Khaganate/*Khaganate$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^Northern/Northern$ +^Caucasus/*Caucasus$ +^along/along$ +^the/the$ +^Caspian/*Caspian$ +^Sea/Sea$ +^./.$ + +^Although/Although$ +^the/the$ +^Khazars/*Khazars$ +^were/be$ +^initially/initially$ +^Tengri/*Tengri$ +^shamanists/*shamanists$ +^,/,$ +^many/many$ +^converted/convert$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^Abrahamic/*Abrahamic$ +^faiths/faith$ +^through/through$ +^interaction/interaction$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^Byzantine/byzantine$ +^Empire/Empire$ +^and/and$ +^successive/successive$ +^Islamic/islamic$ +^caliphates/*caliphates$ +^;/;$ +^during/during$ +^the/the$ +^8th/8$ +^or/or$ +^9th century/9th century$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Khaganate/*Khaganate$ +^adopted/adopt$ +^Judaism/Judaism$ +^as/as$ +^state/state$ +^religion/religion$ +^./.$ + +^At/At$ +^their/their$ +^height/height$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Khazars/*Khazars$ +^and/and$ +^their/their$ +^tributaries/tributary$ +^controlled/control$ +^much/much$ +^of/of$ +^what/what$ +^is/be$ +^today/today$ +^southern/southern$ +^Russia/Russia$ +^,/,$ +^western/western$ +^Kazakhstan/Kazakhstan$ +^,/,$ +^eastern/eastern$ +^Ukraine/Ukraine$ +^,/,$ +^Azerbaijan/Azerbaijan$ +^,/,$ +^large/large$ +^portions/portion$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Northern/Northern$ +^Caucasus/*Caucasus$ +^(/($ +^Circassia/*Circassia$ +^,/,$ +^Dagestan/*Dagestan$ +^,/,$ +^Chechnya/*Chechnya$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^parts/part$ +^of/of$ +^Georgia/Georgia$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Crimea/*Crimea$ +^./.$ + +^Early/Early$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^history/history$ +^is/be$ +^intimately/intimately$ +^tied/tie$ +^with/with$ +^that/that$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Göktürk/*Göktürk$ +^empire/empire$ +^,/,$ +^founded/found$ +^when/when$ +^the/the$ +^Ashina/*Ashina$ +^clan/clan$ +^overthrew/overthrow$ +^the/the$ +^Juan Juan/*Juan Juan$ +^in/in$ +^552/552$ +^CE/*CE$ +^./.$ + +^With/With$ +^the/the$ +^collapse/collapse$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Göktürk/*Göktürk$ +^empire/empire$ +^due to/due to$ +^internal/internal$ +^conflict/conflict$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^seventh/seventh$ +^century/century$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^western/western$ +^half/half$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Turk/*Turk$ +^empire/empire$ +^split/split$ +^into/into$ +^a/a$ +^number/number$ +^of/of$ +^tribal/tribal$ +^confederations/confederation$ +^,/,$ +^among/among$ +^whom/whom$ +^were/be$ +^the/the$ +^Bulgars/*Bulgars$ +^,/,$ +^led/lead$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Dulo/*Dulo$ +^clan/clan$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Khazars/*Khazars$ +^,/,$ +^led/lead$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Ashina/*Ashina$ +^clan/clan$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^traditional/traditional$ +^rulers/ruler$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Göktürk/*Göktürk$ +^empire/empire$ +^./.$ + +^By/By$ +^670/670$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Khazars/*Khazars$ +^had/have$ +^broken/break$ +^the/the$ +^Bulgar/*Bulgar$ +^confederation/confederation$ +^,/,$ +^causing/cause$ +^various/various$ +^tribal/tribal$ +^groups/group$ +^to/to$ +^migrate/migrate$ +^and/and$ +^leaving/leave$ +^two/two$ +^remnants/remnant$ +^of/of$ +^Bulgar/*Bulgar$ +^rule/rule$ +^-/-$ +^Volga/*Volga$ +^Bulgaria/Bulgaria$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Bulgarian/bulgarian$ +^khanate/*khanate$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^Danube/*Danube$ +^River/River$ +^./.$ + +^During/During$ +^the/the$ +^7th and 8th centuries/7th and 8th centuries$ +^the/the$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^fought/fight$ +^a/a$ +^series/series$ +^of/of$ +^wars/war$ +^against/against$ +^the/the$ +^Umayyad/*Umayyad$ +^Caliphate/*Caliphate$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^was/be$ +^attempting/attempt$ +^simultaneously/simultaneously$ +^to/to$ +^expand/expand$ +^its/its$ +^influence/influence$ +^into/into$ +^Transoxiana/*Transoxiana$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Caucasus/*Caucasus$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^first/first$ +^war/war$ +^was/be$ +^fought/fight$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^early/early$ +^650/650$ +^and/and$ +^ended/end$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^defeat/defeat$ +^of/of$ +^an/a$ +^Arab/arab$ +^force/force$ +^led/lead$ +^by/by$ +^Abd/Abd$ +^ar/*ar$ +^-/-$ +^Rahman/*Rahman$ +^ibn/*ibn$ +^Rabiah/*Rabiah$ +^outside/outside$ +^the/the$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^town/town$ +^of/of$ +^Balanjar/*Balanjar$ +^,/,$ +^after/after$ +^a/a$ +^battle/battle$ +^in/in$ +^which/which$ +^both/both$ +^sides/side$ +^used/use$ +^siege/siege$ +^engines/engine$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^others/others$ +^'/'$ +^troops/troop$ +^./.$ + +^They/Prpers$ +^are/be$ +^also/also$ +^known/know$ +^to/to$ +^have/have$ +^been/be$ +^allied/allied$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^Byzantine/byzantine$ +^Empire/Empire$ +^during/during$ +^at least/at least$ +^part/part$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^eighth/eighth$ +^century/century$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^704/704$ +^or/or$ +^705/705$ +^Justinian/*Justinian$ +^II/II$ +^,/,$ +^exiled/exile$ +^in/in$ +^Cherson/*Cherson$ +^,/,$ +^escaped/escape$ +^into/into$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^territory/territory$ +^and/and$ +^married/marry$ +^Theodora/*Theodora$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^sister/sister$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Khagan/*Khagan$ +^Busir/*Busir$ +^./.$ + +^With/With$ +^the/the$ +^aid/aid$ +^of/of$ +^his/his$ +^wife/wife$ +^,/,$ +^he/prpers$ +^escaped/escape$ +^from/from$ +^Busir/*Busir$ +^,/,$ +^who/who$ +^was/be$ +^intriguing/intriguing$ +^against/against$ +^him/prpers$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^usurper/usurper$ +^Tiberius/*Tiberius$ +^III/III$ +^,/,$ +^murdering/murder$ +^two/two$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^officials/official$ +^in the process/in the process$ +^./.$ + +^He/Prpers$ +^fled/flee$ +^to/to$ +^Bulgaria/Bulgaria$ +^,/,$ +^whose/whose$ +^Khan/*Khan$ +^Tervel/*Tervel$ +^helped/help$ +^him/prpers$ +^regain/regain$ +^the/the$ +^throne/throne$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Khazars/*Khazars$ +^later/later$ +^provided/provide$ +^aid/aid$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^rebel/rebel$ +^general/general$ +^Bardanes/*Bardanes$ +^,/,$ +^who/who$ +^seized/seize$ +^the/the$ +^throne/throne$ +^in/in$ +^711/711$ +^as/as$ +^Emperor/Emperor$ +^Philippicus/*Philippicus$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Byzantine/byzantine$ +^emperor/emperor$ +^Leo III/Leo III$ +^married/marry$ +^his/his$ +^son/son$ +^Constantine/*Constantine$ +^(/($ +^later/later$ +^Constantine/*Constantine$ +^V/V$ +^Kopronymous/*Kopronymous$ +^)/)$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^princess/princess$ +^Tzitzak/*Tzitzak$ +^(/($ +^daughter/daughter$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Khagan/*Khagan$ +^Bihar/*Bihar$ +^)/)$ +^as/as$ +^part/part$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^alliance/alliance$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^two/two$ +^empires/empire$ +^./.$ + +^Tzitzak/*Tzitzak$ +^,/,$ +^who/who$ +^was/be$ +^baptised/baptise$ +^as/as$ +^Irene/Irene$ +^,/,$ +^became/become$ +^famous/famous$ +^for/for$ +^her/her$ +^wedding/wedding$ +^gown/*gown$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^started/start$ +^a/a$ +^fashion/fashion$ +^craze/*craze$ +^in/in$ +^Constantinople/*Constantinople$ +^for/for$ +^a/a$ +^type/type$ +^of/of$ +^robe/robe$ +^(/($ +^for/for$ +^men/man$ +^)/)$ +^called/call$ +^tzitzakion/*tzitzakion$ +^./.$ + +^Their/Their$ +^son/son$ +^Leo/Leo$ +^(/($ +^Leo IV/Leo IV$ +^)/)$ +^would/would$ +^be/be$ +^better/good$ +^known/know$ +^as/as$ +" +^Leo/Leo$ +^the/the$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +" +^./.$ + +^Originally/Originally$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Khazars/*Khazars$ +^practiced/practice$ +^traditional/traditional$ +^Turkic/*Turkic$ +^shamanism/shamanism$ +^,/,$ +^focused/focus$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^sky/sky$ +^god/god$ +^Tengri/*Tengri$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^were/be$ +^heavily/heavily$ +^influenced/influence$ +^by/by$ +^Confucian/*Confucian$ +^ideas/idea$ +^imported/import$ +^from/from$ +^China/China$ +^,/,$ +^notably/notably$ +^that/that$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Mandate/Mandate$ +^of/of$ +^Heaven/Heaven$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Ashina/*Ashina$ +^clan/clan$ +^were/be$ +^considered/consider$ +^to/to$ +^be/be$ +^the/the$ +^chosen/choose$ +^of/of$ +^Tengri/*Tengri$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^kaghan/*kaghan$ +^was/be$ +^the/the$ +^incarnation/incarnation$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^favour/favour$ +^the/the$ +^sky/sky$ +^-/-$ +^god/god$ +^bestowed/*bestowed$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^Turks/*Turks$ +^./.$ + +^A/A$ +^kaghan/*kaghan$ +^who/who$ +^failed/fail$ +^had/have$ +^clearly/clearly$ +^lost/lose$ +^the/the$ +^god/god$ +^'s/'s$ +^favour/favour$ +^and/and$ +^was/be$ +^typically/typically$ +^ritually/*ritually$ +^executed/execute$ +^./.$ + +^Historians/Historian$ +^have/have$ +^sometimes/sometimes$ +^wondered/wonder$ +^,/,$ +^only/only$ +^half/half$ +^in/in$ +^jest/jest$ +^,/,$ +^whether/whether$ +^the/the$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^tendency/tendency$ +^to/to$ +^occasionally/occasionally$ +^execute/execute$ +^their/their$ +^rulers/ruler$ +^on/on$ +^religious/religious$ +^grounds/ground$ +^led/lead$ +^those/that$ +^rulers/ruler$ +^to/to$ +^seek/seek$ +^out/out$ +^other/other$ +^religions/religion$ +^./.$ + +^Essays/Essay$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^Kuzari/*Kuzari$ +^,/,$ +^written/write$ +^by/by$ +^Yehuda/*Yehuda$ +^Halevi/*Halevi$ +^,/,$ +^detail/detail$ +^a/a$ +^moral/moral$ +^liturgical/liturgical$ +^reason/reason$ +^for/for$ +^the/the$ +^conversion/conversion$ +^which/which$ +^some/some$ +^consider/consider$ +^a/a$ +^moral/moral$ +^tale/tale$ +^./.$ + +^Some/Some$ +^researchers/researcher$ +^have/have$ +^suggested/suggest$ +^part/part$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^reason/reason$ +^for/for$ +^conversion/conversion$ +^was/be$ +^political/political$ +^expediency/*expediency$ +^to/to$ +^maintain/maintain$ +^a/a$ +^degree/degree$ +^of/of$ +^neutrality/neutrality$ +^:/:$ +^the/the$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^empire/empire$ +^was/be$ +^between/between$ +^growing/grow$ +^populations/population$ +^,/,$ +^Muslims/Muslim$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^east/east$ +^and/and$ +^Christians/Christian$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^west/west$ +^./.$ + +^Both/Both$ +^religions/religion$ +^recognised/recognise$ +^Judaism/Judaism$ +^as a/as a$ +^forebear/*forebear$ +^and/and$ +^worthy/worthy$ +^of/of$ +^some/some$ +^respect/respect$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^exact/exact$ +^date/date$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^conversion/conversion$ +^is/be$ +^hotly/*hotly$ +^contested/contest$ +^./.$ + +^It/Prpers$ +^may/may$ +^have/have$ +^occurred/occur$ +^as/as$ +^early/early$ +^as/as$ +^740/740$ +^or/or$ +^as/as$ +^late/late$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^mid/*mid$ +^-/-$ +^800s/800s$ +^./.$ + +^Recently/Recently$ +^discovered/discover$ +^numismatic/*numismatic$ +^evidence/evidence$ +^suggests/suggest$ +^that/that$ +^Judaism/Judaism$ +^was/be$ +^the/the$ +^established/establish$ +^state/state$ +^religion/religion$ +^by/by$ +^c./*c.$ +^830/830$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^though/though$ +^St./*St.$ +^Cyril/*Cyril$ +^(/($ +^who/who$ +^visited/visit$ +^Khazaria/*Khazaria$ +^in/in$ +^861/861$ +^)/)$ +^did/do$ +^not/not$ +^identify/identify$ +^the/the$ +^Khazars/*Khazars$ +^as/as$ +^Jews/*Jews$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^khagan/*khagan$ +^of/of$ +^that/that$ +^period/period$ +^,/,$ +^Zachariah/Zachariah$ +^,/,$ +^had/have$ +^a/a$ +^biblical/biblical$ +^Hebrew/hebrew$ +^name/name$ +^./.$ + +^Some/Some$ +^medieval/medieval$ +^sources/source$ +^give/give$ +^the/the$ +^name/name$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^rabbi/*rabbi$ +^who/who$ +^oversaw/*oversaw$ +^the/the$ +^conversion/conversion$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Khazars/*Khazars$ +^as/as$ +^Isaac/Isaac$ +^Sangari/*Sangari$ +^or/or$ +^Yitzhak/*Yitzhak$ +^ha/*ha$ +^-/-$ +^Sangari/*Sangari$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^first/first$ +^Jewish/jewish$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^king/king$ +^was/be$ +^named/name$ +^Bulan/*Bulan$ +^which/which$ +^means/mean$ +" +^elk/elk$ +" +^,/,$ +^though/though$ +^some/some$ +^sources/source$ +^give/give$ +^him/prpers$ +^the/the$ +^Hebrew/hebrew$ +^name/name$ +^Sabriel/*Sabriel$ +^./.$ + +^A/A$ +^later/late$ +^king/king$ +^,/,$ +^Obadiah/*Obadiah$ +^,/,$ +^strengthened/strengthen$ +^Judaism/Judaism$ +^,/,$ +^inviting/invite$ +^rabbis/*rabbis$ +^into/into$ +^the/the$ +^kingdom/kingdom$ +^and/and$ +^built/build$ +^synagogues/synagogue$ +^./.$ + +^Jewish/jewish$ +^figures/figure$ +^such as/such as$ +^Saadia/*Saadia$ +^Gaon/*Gaon$ +^made/make$ +^positive/positive$ +^references/reference$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^Khazars/*Khazars$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^they/prpers$ +^are/be$ +^excoriated/*excoriated$ +^in/in$ +^contemporary/contemporary$ +^Karaite/*Karaite$ +^writings/writing$ +^as/as$ +" +^bastards/bastard$ +" +^;/;$ +^it/prpers$ +^is/be$ +^therefore/therefore$ +^unlikely/unlikely$ +^that/that$ +^they/prpers$ +^adopted/adopt$ +^Karaism/*Karaism$ +^as/as$ +^some/some$ +^(/($ +^such as/such as$ +^Avraham/*Avraham$ +^Firkovich/*Firkovich$ +^)/)$ +^have/have$ +^proposed/propose$ +^./.$ + +^Likewise/Likewise$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^rulers/ruler$ +^viewed/view$ +^themselves/themselves$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^protectors/*protectors$ +^of/of$ +^international/international$ +^Jewry/*Jewry$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^corresponded with/correspond# with$ +^foreign/foreign$ +^Jewish/jewish$ +^leaders/leader$ +^(/($ +^the/the$ +^letters/letter$ +^exchanged/exchange$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^ruler/ruler$ +^Joseph/Joseph$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Spanish/spanish$ +^rabbi/*rabbi$ +^Hasdai/*Hasdai$ +^ibn/*ibn$ +^Shaprut/*Shaprut$ +^have/have$ +^been/be$ +^preserved/preserve$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^They/Prpers$ +^were/be$ +^known/know$ +^to/to$ +^retaliate/*retaliate$ +^against/against$ +^Muslim/muslim$ +^or/or$ +^Christian/christian$ +^interests/interest$ +^in/in$ +^Khazaria/*Khazaria$ +^for/for$ +^persecution/persecution$ +^of/of$ +^Jews/*Jews$ +^abroad/abroad$ +^./.$ + +^Ibn/*Ibn$ +^Fadlan/*Fadlan$ +^relates/relate$ +^that/that$ +^around/around$ +^920/920$ +^the/the$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^ruler/ruler$ +^received/receive$ +^information/information$ +^that/that$ +^Muslims/Muslim$ +^had/have$ +^destroyed/destroy$ +^a/a$ +^synagogue/synagogue$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^land/land$ +^of/of$ +^Babung/*Babung$ +^,/,$ +^in/in$ +^Iran/Iran$ +^;/;$ +^he/prpers$ +^gave/give$ +^orders/order$ +^that/that$ +^the/the$ +^minaret/minaret$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^mosque/mosque$ +^in/in$ +^his/his$ +^capital/capital$ +^should/should$ +^be/be$ +^broken/break$ +^off/off$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^muezzin/*muezzin$ +^executed/execute$ +^./.$ + +^He/Prpers$ +^further/far$ +^declared/declare$ +^that/that$ +^he/prpers$ +^would/would$ +^have/have$ +^destroyed/destroy$ +^the/the$ +^mosque/mosque$ +^entirely/entirely$ +^had/have$ +^he/prpers$ +^not/not$ +^been/be$ +^afraid/afraid$ +^that/that$ +^the/the$ +^Muslims/Muslim$ +^would/would$ +^in/in$ +^turn/turn$ +^destroy/destroy$ +^all/all$ +^the/the$ +^synagogues/synagogue$ +^in/in$ +^their/their$ +^lands/land$ +^./.$ + +^Similarly/Similarly$ +^,/,$ +^during/during$ +^the/the$ +^persecutions/persecution$ +^of/of$ +^Byzantine/byzantine$ +^Jews/*Jews$ +^under/under$ +^Romanos/*Romanos$ +^I/I$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^government/government$ +^retaliated/*retaliated$ +^by/by$ +^attacking/attack$ +^Byzantine/byzantine$ +^interests/interest$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^Crimea/*Crimea$ +^./.$ + +^A/A$ +^Greek/greek$ +^Orthodox/orthodox$ +^bishop/bishop$ +^was/be$ +^resident/resident$ +^at/at$ +^Atil/*Atil$ +^and/and$ +^was/be$ +^subject/subject$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^authority/authority$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Metropolitan/Metropolitan$ +^of/of$ +^Doros/*Doros$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +" +^apostle/apostle$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Slavs/*Slavs$ +" +^,/,$ +^Saint/Saint$ +^Cyril/*Cyril$ +^,/,$ +^is/be$ +^said/say$ +^to/to$ +^have/have$ +^attempted/attempt$ +^the/the$ +^conversion/conversion$ +^of/of$ +^Khazars/*Khazars$ +^without/without$ +^enduring/endure$ +^results/result$ +^./.$ + +^Khazaran/*Khazaran$ +^had/have$ +^a/a$ +^sizable/*sizable$ +^Muslim/muslim$ +^quarter/quarter$ +^with/with$ +^a/a$ +^number/number$ +^of/of$ +^mosques/mosque$ +^./.$ + +^A/A$ +^Muslim/muslim$ +^officer/officer$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^khazz/*khazz$ +^,/,$ +^represented/represent$ +^the/the$ +^Muslim/muslim$ +^community/community$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^royal court/royal court$ +^./.$ + +^Both/Both$ +^the/the$ +^Khagan/*Khagan$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Khagan/*Khagan$ +^Bek/*Bek$ +^lived/live$ +^in/in$ +^Itil/*Itil$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Khagan/*Khagan$ +^'s/'s$ +^palace/palace$ +^,/,$ +^according to/according to$ +^Arab/arab$ +^sources/source$ +^,/,$ +^was/be$ +^on/on$ +^an/a$ +^island/island$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^Volga/*Volga$ +^River/River$ +^./.$ + +^He/Prpers$ +^was/be$ +^reported/report$ +^to/to$ +^have/have$ +^25/25$ +^wives/wife$ +^,/,$ +^each/each$ +^the/the$ +^daughter/daughter$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^client/client$ +^ruler/ruler$ +^;/;$ +^this/this$ +^may/may$ +^,/,$ +^however/however$ +^,/,$ +^have/have$ +^been/be$ +^an/a$ +^exaggeration/exaggeration$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^the/the$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^Correspondence/Correspondence$ +^,/,$ +^King/King$ +^Joseph/Joseph$ +^identifies/identify$ +^himself/himself$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^ruler/ruler$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Khazars/*Khazars$ +^and/and$ +^makes/make$ +^no/no$ +^reference/reference$ +^to/to$ +^a/a$ +^colleague/colleague$ +^./.$ + +^It/Prpers$ +^has/have$ +^been/be$ +^disputed/disputed$ +^whether/whether$ +^Joseph/Joseph$ +^was/be$ +^a/a$ +^Khagan/*Khagan$ +^or/or$ +^a/a$ +^Bek/*Bek$ +^;/;$ +^his/his$ +^description/description$ +^of/of$ +^his/his$ +^military/military$ +^campaigns/campaign$ +^make/make$ +^the/the$ +^latter/latter$ +^probable/probable$ +^./.$ + +^However/However$ +^,/,$ +^according to/according to$ +^the/the$ +^Schechter/*Schechter$ +^Letter/Letter$ +^,/,$ +^king/king$ +^Joseph/Joseph$ +^is/be$ +^identified/identify$ +^as/as$ +^not/not$ +^Khagan/*Khagan$ +^./.$ + +^A/A$ +^third/third$ +^option/option$ +^is/be$ +^that/that$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^time/time$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Correspondence/Correspondence$ +^(/($ +^c./*c.$ +^950/950$ +^-/-$ +^960/960$ +^)/)$ +^the/the$ +^Khazars/*Khazars$ +^had/have$ +^merged/merge$ +^the/the$ +^two/two$ +^positions/position$ +^into/into$ +^a/a$ +^single/single$ +^ruler/ruler$ +^,/,$ +^or/or$ +^that/that$ +^the/the$ +^Beks/*Beks$ +^had/have$ +^somehow/somehow$ +^supplanted/*supplanted$ +^the/the$ +^Khagans/*Khagans$ +^or vice versa/or vice versa$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^dual/dual$ +^kingship/*kingship$ +^may/may$ +^have/have$ +^influenced/influence$ +^other/other$ +^people/person$ +^;/;$ +^power/power$ +^was/be$ +^similarly/similarly$ +^divided/divide$ +^among/among$ +^the/the$ +^early/early$ +^Hungarian/hungarian$ +^people/person$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^sacral/sacral$ +^king/king$ +^,/,$ +^or/or$ +^kende/*kende$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^military/military$ +^king/king$ +^,/,$ +^or/or$ +^gyula/*gyula$ +^./.$ + +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^armies/army$ +^were/be$ +^led/lead$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Khagan/*Khagan$ +^Bek/*Bek$ +^and/and$ +^commanded/command$ +^by/by$ +^subordinate/subordinate$ +^officers/officer$ +^known/known$ +^as/as$ +^tarkhans/*tarkhans$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^Khaganate/*Khaganate$ +^was/be$ +^,/,$ +^at/at$ +^its/its$ +^height/height$ +^,/,$ +^an/a$ +^immensely/*immensely$ +^powerful/powerful$ +^state/state$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^heartland/*heartland$ +^was/be$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^lower/low$ +^Volga/*Volga$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Caspian/*Caspian$ +^coast/coast$ +^as/as$ +^far/far$ +^south/south$ +^as/as$ +^Derbent/*Derbent$ +^./.$ + +^In addition/In addition$ +^,/,$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^late/late$ +^600s/600s$ +^the/the$ +^Khazars/*Khazars$ +^controlled/control$ +^most of/most+of$ +^the/the$ +^Crimea/*Crimea$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^northeast/northeast$ +^littoral/littoral$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Black/Black$ +^Sea/Sea$ +^./.$ + +^By/By$ +^800/800$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^holdings/holding$ +^included/include$ +^most of/most+of$ +^the/the$ +^Pontic/*Pontic$ +^steppe/steppe$ +^as/as$ +^far/far$ +^west/west$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^Dneiper/*Dneiper$ +^and/and$ +^as/as$ +^far/far$ +^east/east$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^Aral/*Aral$ +^Sea/Sea$ +^(/($ +^some/some$ +^Turkic/*Turkic$ +^history/history$ +^atlases/atlas$ +^show/show$ +^the/the$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^sphere/sphere$ +^of/of$ +^influence/influence$ +^extending/extend$ +^well/well$ +^east/east$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Aral/*Aral$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^During/During$ +^the/the$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^-/-$ +^Arab/arab$ +^war/war$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^early/early$ +^700s/700s$ +^,/,$ +^some/some$ +^Khazars/*Khazars$ +^evacuated/evacuate$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^Ural/*Ural$ +^foothills/foothill$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^some/some$ +^settlements/settlement$ +^may/may$ +^have/have$ +^remained/remain$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Pechenegs/*Pechenegs$ +^;/;$ +^the/the$ +^Oghuz/*Oghuz$ +^;/;$ +^the/the$ +^Crimean/*Crimean$ +^Goths/Goth$ +^;/;$ +^the/the$ +^Crimean/*Crimean$ +^Huns/*Huns$ +^;/;$ +^the/the$ +^early/early$ +^Magyars/*Magyars$ +^./.$ + +^Various/Various$ +^East/East$ +^Slavic/slavic$ +^tribes/tribe$ +^such as/such as$ +^the/the$ +^Derevlians/*Derevlians$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Vyatichs/*Vyatichs$ +^;/;$ +^various/various$ +^early/early$ +^Rus/*Rus$ +^'/'$ +^polities/*polities$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^ninth/ninth$ +^century/century$ +^is/be$ +^sometimes/sometimes$ +^known/know$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^Pax/*Pax$ +^Khazarica/*Khazarica$ +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^period/period$ +^of/of$ +^Khazar/*Khazar$ +^hegemony/hegemony$ +^over/over$ +^the/the$ +^Pontic/*Pontic$ +^steppe/steppe$ +^that/that$ +^allowed/allow$ +^trade/trade$ +^to/to$ +^flourish/*flourish$ +^and/and$ +^facilitated/facilitate$ +^trans/*trans$ +^-/-$ +^Eurasian/*Eurasian$ +^contacts/contact$ +^./.$ + +^However/However$ +^,/,$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^early/early$ +^10th century/10th century$ +^the/the$ +^empire/empire$ +^began/begin$ +^to/to$ +^decline/decline$ +^due to/due to$ +^the/the$ +^attacks/attack$ +^of/of$ +^both/both$ +^Vikings/*Vikings$ +^from/from$ +^Kievan/*Kievan$ +^Rus/*Rus$ +^and/and$ +^various/various$ +^Turkic/*Turkic$ +^tribes/tribe$ +^./.$ + +^It/Prpers$ +^enjoyed/enjoy$ +^a/a$ +^brief/brief$ +^revival/revival$ +^under/under$ +^the/the$ +^strong/strong$ +^rulers/ruler$ +^Aaron/Aaron$ +^II/II$ +^and/and$ +^Joseph/Joseph$ +^,/,$ +^who/who$ +^subdued/*subdued$ +^rebellious/rebellious$ +^client/client$ +^states/state$ +^such as/such as$ +^the/the$ +^Alans/*Alans$ +^and/and$ +^led/lead$ +^victorious/victorious$ +^wars/war$ +^against/against$ +^Rus/*Rus$ +^invaders/*invaders$ +^./.$ + +^From the beginning/From the beginning$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^tenth/tenth$ +^century/century$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Khazars/*Khazars$ +^found/find$ +^themselves/themselves$ +^fighting/fight$ +^on/on$ +^multiple/multiple$ +^fronts/front$ +^as/as$ +^nomadic/nomadic$ +^incursions/incursion$ +^were/be$ +^exacerbated/exacerbate$ +^by/by$ +^uprisings/uprising$ +^by/by$ +^former/former$ +^clients/client$ +^and/and$ +^invasions/invasion$ +^from/from$ +^former/former$ +^allies/ally$ +^./.$ + Index: languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/kyrgyzstan.consensus.txt =================================================================== --- languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/kyrgyzstan.consensus.txt (nonexistent) +++ languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/kyrgyzstan.consensus.txt (revision 80623) @@ -0,0 +1,939 @@ +^In/In$ +^June/June$ +^1990/1990$ +^,/,$ +^ethnic/ethnic$ +^tensions/tension$ +^between/between$ +^Uzbeks/*Uzbeks$ +^and/and$ +^Kyrgyz/*Kyrgyz$ +^surfaced/surface$ +^in/in$ +^an/a$ +^area/area$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Osh/*Osh$ +^Oblast/*Oblast$ +^where/where$ +^Uzbeks/*Uzbeks$ +^form/form$ +^a/a$ +^majority/majority$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^population/population$ +^./.$ + +^Violent/Violent$ +^confrontations/confrontation$ +^ensued/*ensued$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^a/a$ +^state/state$ +^of/of$ +^emergency/emergency$ +^and/and$ +^curfew/*curfew$ +^were/be$ +^introduced/introduce$ +^./.$ + +^Order/Order$ +^was/be$ +^not/not$ +^restored/restore$ +^until/until$ +^August/August$ +^1990/1990$ +^./.$ + +^On/On$ +^August/August$ +^19/19$ +^,/,$ +^1991/1991$ +^,/,$ +^when/when$ +^the/the$ +^State/State$ +^Emergency/Emergency$ +^Committee/Committee$ +^assumed/assume$ +^power/power$ +^in/in$ +^Moscow/Moscow$ +^,/,$ +^there/there$ +^was/be$ +^an/a$ +^attempt/attempt$ +^to/to$ +^depose/depose$ +^Akayev/*Akayev$ +^in/in$ +^Kyrgyzstan/*Kyrgyzstan$ +^./.$ + +^After/After$ +^the/the$ +^coup/coup$ +^collapsed/collapse$ +^the/the$ +^following/following$ +^week/week$ +^,/,$ +^Akayev/*Akayev$ +^and/and$ +^Vice President/Vice president$ +^German/German$ +^Kuznetsov/*Kuznetsov$ +^announced/announce$ +^their/their$ +^resignations/resignation$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^Communist/Communist$ +^Party/Party$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^Union/Union$ +^(/($ +^CPSU/*CPSU$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^entire/entire$ +^politburo/*politburo$ +^and/and$ +^secretariat/secretariat$ +^resigned/resign$ +^./.$ + +^This/This$ +^was/be$ +^followed/follow$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Supreme/Supreme$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^vote/vote$ +^declaring/declare$ +^independence/independence$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^USSR/USSR$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^31st/31$ +^August/August$ +^,/,$ +^1991/1991$ +^./.$ + +^Kyrgyz/*Kyrgyz$ +^was/be$ +^announced/announce$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^state/state$ +^language/language$ +^in/in$ +^September/September$ +^1991/1991$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^December/December$ +^2001/2001$ +^,/,$ +^through/through$ +^a/a$ +^constitutional/constitutional$ +^amendment/amendment$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Russian/russian$ +^language/language$ +^was/be$ +^given/give$ +^official/official$ +^status/status$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^terrain/terrain$ +^of/of$ +^Kyrgyzstan/*Kyrgyzstan$ +^is/be$ +^dominated/dominate$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Tian/*Tian$ +^Shan/*Shan$ +^and/and$ +^Pamir/*Pamir$ +^mountain/mountain$ +^systems/system$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^together/together$ +^occupy/occupy$ +^about/about$ +^65%/65%$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^national/national$ +^territory/territory$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Alay/*Alay$ +^range/range$ +^portion/portion$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Tian/*Tian$ +^Shan/*Shan$ +^system/system$ +^dominates/dominate$ +^the/the$ +^southwestern/*southwestern$ +^crescent/*crescent$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^country/country$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^,/,$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^east/east$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^main/main$ +^Tian/*Tian$ +^Shan/*Shan$ +^range/range$ +^runs/run$ +^along/along$ +^the/the$ +^boundary/boundary$ +^between/between$ +^southern/southern$ +^Kyrgyzstan/*Kyrgyzstan$ +^and/and$ +^China/China$ +^before/before$ +^extending/extend$ +^farther/far$ +^east/east$ +^into/into$ +^China/China$ +^'s/'s$ +^Xinjiang/*Xinjiang$ +^Uygur/*Uygur$ +^Autonomous/Autonomous$ +^Region/Region$ +^./.$ + +^Kyrgyzstan/*Kyrgyzstan$ +^'s/'s$ +^average/average$ +^elevation/elevation$ +^is/be$ +^2,750/2,750$ +^metres/metre$ +^,/,$ +^ranging/range$ +^from/from$ +^7,439/7,439$ +^metres/metre$ +^at/at$ +^Peak/Peak$ +^Jengish/*Jengish$ +^Chokusu/*Chokusu$ +^to/to$ +^394/394$ +^metres/metre$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^Fergana/*Fergana$ +^Valley/Valley$ +^near/near$ +^Osh/*Osh$ +^./.$ + +^Almost/Almost$ +^90%/90%$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^country/country$ +^lies/lie$ +^more than/more than$ +^1,500/1,500$ +^metres above sea level/metre# above sea level$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^towns/town$ +^,/,$ +^wastewater/*wastewater$ +^collection/collection$ +^provides/provide$ +^about/about$ +^70%/70%$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^water supply/water supply$ +^./.$ + +^Although/Although$ +^towns/town$ +^have/have$ +^biological/biological$ +^treatment/treatment$ +^equipment/equipment$ +^,/,$ +^as much as/as much as$ +^50%/50%$ +^of/of$ +^such/such$ +^equipment/equipment$ +^is/be$ +^rated/rate$ +^as/as$ +^ineffective/ineffective$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^major/major$ +^sources/source$ +^of/of$ +^toxic/toxic$ +^waste/waste$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^water supply/water supply$ +^are/be$ +^the/the$ +^mercury/mercury$ +^mining/mining$ +^combine/combine$ +^at/at$ +^Haidarkan/*Haidarkan$ +^;/;$ +^the/the$ +^antimony/antimony$ +^mine/mine$ +^at/at$ +^Kadamzai/*Kadamzai$ +^;/;$ +^the/the$ +^Kadzyi/*Kadzyi$ +^Sai/*Sai$ +^uranium/uranium$ +^mine/mine$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^ceased/cease$ +^extraction/extraction$ +^in/in$ +^1967/1967$ +^but/but$ +^which/which$ +^continues/continue$ +^to/to$ +^leach/leach$ +^toxic/toxic$ +^materials/material$ +^into/into$ +^nearby/nearby$ +^Ysyk/*Ysyk$ +^Köl/*Köl$ +^;/;$ +^the/the$ +^Kara/Kara$ +^-/-$ +^Balta/*Balta$ +^Uranium/Uranium$ +^Recovery/Recovery$ +^Plant/Plant$ +^;/;$ +^the/the$ +^Min/*Min$ +^Kush/*Kush$ +^deposit/deposit$ +^of/of$ +^mine/mine$ +^tailings/tailings$ +^;/;$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Kyrgyz/*Kyrgyz$ +^Mining/Mining$ +^and/and$ +^Metallurgy/Metallurgy$ +^Plant/Plant$ +^at/at$ +^Orlovka/*Orlovka$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^name/name$ +^Kyrgyz/*Kyrgyz$ +^,/,$ +^both/both$ +^for/for$ +^the/the$ +^people/person$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^country/country$ +^,/,$ +^means/mean$ +" +^forty/forty$ +^girls/girl$ +" +^or/or$ +" +^forty/forty$ +^tribes/tribe$ +" +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^reference/reference$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^epic/epic$ +^hero/hero$ +^Manas/*Manas$ +^who/who$ +^unified/unify$ +^forty/forty$ +^tribes/tribe$ +^against/against$ +^the/the$ +^Mongols/*Mongols$ +^,/,$ +^as/as$ +^symbolised/symbolise$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^40/40$ +^-/-$ +^ray/ray$ +^sun/sun$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^flag/flag$ +^of/of$ +^Kyrgyzstan/*Kyrgyzstan$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^the/the$ +^first/first$ +^years/year$ +^of/of$ +^Kyrgyzstan/*Kyrgyzstan$ +^'s/'s$ +^full/full$ +^independence/independence$ +^,/,$ +^President/President$ +^Askar/*Askar$ +^Akayev/*Akayev$ +^appeared/appear$ +^wholeheartedly/wholeheartedly$ +^committed/committed$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^reform/reform$ +^process/process$ +^./.$ + +^However/However$ +^,/,$ +^despite/despite$ +^the/the$ +^backing/back$ +^of/of$ +^major/major$ +^Western/Western$ +^donors/donor$ +^,/,$ +^including/include$ +^the/the$ +^International Monetary Fund/International Monetary Fund$ +^(/($ +^IMF/*IMF$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^Kyrgyzstan/*Kyrgyzstan$ +^had/have$ +^consequential/consequential$ +^economic/economic$ +^difficulties/difficulty$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^outset/outset$ +^./.$ + +^These/This$ +^came/come$ +^mainly/mainly$ +^as a result of/as a result of$ +^the/the$ +^breakup/*breakup$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^trading/trading$ +^bloc/bloc$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^impeded/*impeded$ +^the/the$ +^Republic/Republic$ +^'s/'s$ +^smooth/smooth$ +^transfer/transfer$ +^to/to$ +^a/a$ +^free/free$ +^-/-$ +^market economy/market economy$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^1993/1993$ +^,/,$ +^allegations/allegation$ +^of/of$ +^corruption/corruption$ +^against/against$ +^Akayev/*Akayev$ +^'s/'s$ +^closest/close$ +^political/political$ +^associates/associate$ +^blossomed/*blossomed$ +^into/into$ +^a/a$ +^major/major$ +^scandal/scandal$ +^./.$ + +^One/One$ +^of/of$ +^those/that$ +^accused/accuse$ +^of/of$ +^improprieties/impropriety$ +^was/be$ +^Vice President/Vice president$ +^Feliks/*Feliks$ +^Kulov/*Kulov$ +^,/,$ +^who/who$ +^resigned/resign$ +^for/for$ +^ethical/ethical$ +^reasons/reason$ +^in/in$ +^December/December$ +^./.$ + +^Following/Follow$ +^Kulov/*Kulov$ +^'s/'s$ +^resignation/resignation$ +^,/,$ +^Akayev/*Akayev$ +^dismissed/dismiss$ +^the/the$ +^government/government$ +^and/and$ +^called/call$ +^upon/upon$ +^the/the$ +^last/last$ +^communist/communist$ +^premier/premier$ +^,/,$ +^Apas/*Apas$ +^Djumagulov/*Djumagulov$ +^,/,$ +^to/to$ +^form/form$ +^a/a$ +^new/new$ +^one/one$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^January/January$ +^1994/1994$ +^,/,$ +^Akayev/*Akayev$ +^initiated/initiate$ +^a/a$ +^referendum/referendum$ +^asking for/ask# for$ +^a/a$ +^renewed/renew$ +^mandate/mandate$ +^to/to$ +^complete/complete$ +^his/his$ +^term of office/term# of office$ +^./.$ + +^He/Prpers$ +^received/receive$ +^96.2%/96.2%$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^vote/vote$ +^./.$ + +^Kyrgyzstan/*Kyrgyzstan$ +^'s/'s$ +^principal/principal$ +^exports/export$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^go/go$ +^overwhelmingly/*overwhelmingly$ +^to/to$ +^other/other$ +^CIS/*CIS$ +^countries/country$ +^,/,$ +^are/be$ +^nonferrous/*nonferrous$ +^metals/metal$ +^and/and$ +^minerals/mineral$ +^,/,$ +^woolen/*woolen$ +^goods/good$ +^and/and$ +^other/other$ +^agricultural/agricultural$ +^products/product$ +^,/,$ +^electric/electric$ +^energy/energy$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^certain/certain$ +^engineering/engineering$ +^goods/good$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^turn/turn$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^republic/republic$ +^relies/rely$ +^on/on$ +^other/other$ +^former/former$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^states/state$ +^for/for$ +^petroleum/*petroleum$ +^and/and$ +^natural/natural$ +^gas/gas$ +^,/,$ +^ferrous/ferrous$ +^metals/metal$ +^,/,$ +^chemicals/chemical$ +^,/,$ +^most/most$ +^machinery/machinery$ +^,/,$ +^wood/wood$ +^and/and$ +^paper/paper$ +^products/product$ +^,/,$ +^some/some$ +^foods/food$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^most/most$ +^construction/construction$ +^materials/material$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^1999/1999$ +^,/,$ +^Kyrgyz/*Kyrgyz$ +^exports/export$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^US/US$ +^totalled/*totalled$ +^$/$$ +^54.2/54.2$ +^million/million$ +^./.$ + +^Kyrgyzstan/*Kyrgyzstan$ +^exports/export$ +^antimony/antimony$ +^,/,$ +^mercury/mercury$ +^,/,$ +^rare/rare$ +^-/-$ +^earth/earth$ +^metals/metal$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^other/other$ +^chemical/chemical$ +^products/product$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^US/US$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^it/prpers$ +^imports/import$ +^grain/grain$ +^,/,$ +^medicine/medicine$ +^and/and$ +^medical/medical$ +^equipment/equipment$ +^,/,$ +^vegetable/vegetable$ +^oil/oil$ +^,/,$ +^paper/paper$ +^products/product$ +^,/,$ +^rice/rice$ +^,/,$ +^machinery/machinery$ +^,/,$ +^agricultural/agricultural$ +^equipment/equipment$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^meat/meat$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^US/US$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Kyrgyzstan/*Kyrgyzstan$ +^Government/Government$ +^has/have$ +^reduced/reduce$ +^expenditures/expenditure$ +^,/,$ +^ended/end$ +^most/most$ +^price/price$ +^subsidies/subsidy$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^introduced/introduce$ +^a/a$ +^value/value$ +^added/add$ +^tax/tax$ +^./.$ + +^Overall/Overall$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^government/government$ +^appears/appear$ +^committed/committed$ +^to/to$ +^transferring/transfer$ +^to/to$ +^a/a$ +^free/free$ +^market/market$ +^economic/economic$ +^system/system$ +^by/by$ +^stabilising/stabilise$ +^the/the$ +^economy/economy$ +^and/and$ +^implementing/implement$ +^reforms/reform$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^will/will$ +^encourage/encourage$ +^long/long$ +^-/-$ +^term/term$ +^growth/growth$ +^./.$ + +^These/This$ +^reforms/reform$ +^led/lead$ +^to/to$ +^Kyrgyzstan/*Kyrgyzstan$ +^'s/'s$ +^accession/accession$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^WTO/*WTO$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^20th/20$ +^December/December$ +^,/,$ +^1998/1998$ +^./.$ + +^With/With$ +^support/support$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^Asian/asian$ +^Development/Development$ +^Bank/Bank$ +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^major/major$ +^road/road$ +^linking/link$ +^the/the$ +^north/north$ +^and/and$ +^southwest/southwest$ +^from/from$ +^Bishkek/*Bishkek$ +^to/to$ +^Osh/*Osh$ +^has/have$ +^recently/recently$ +^been/be$ +^completed/complete$ +^./.$ + +^This/This$ +^considerably/considerably$ +^eases/ease$ +^communication/communication$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^two/two$ +^major/major$ +^population/population$ +^centres/centre$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^country/country$ +^--/--$ +^the/the$ +^Chui/*Chui$ +^Valley/Valley$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^north/north$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Fergana/*Fergana$ +^Valley/Valley$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^South/South$ +^./.$ + +^An/A$ +^offshoot/offshoot$ +^of/of$ +^this/this$ +^road/road$ +^branches/branch$ +^off/off$ +^across/across$ +^a/a$ +^3,500/3,500$ +^metre/metre$ +^pass/pass$ +^into/into$ +^the/the$ +^Talas/*Talas$ +^Valley/Valley$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^northwest/northwest$ +^./.$ + +^Plans/Plan$ +^are/be$ +^now/now$ +^being/be$ +^formulated/formulate$ +^to/to$ +^build/build$ +^a/a$ +^major/major$ +^road/road$ +^from/from$ +^Osh/*Osh$ +^into/into$ +^the/the$ +^People/Person$ +^'s/'s$ +^Republic/Republic$ +^of/of$ +^China/China$ +^./.$ + +^Frequent/Frequent$ +^bus/bus$ +^and/and$ +^,/,$ +^more/more$ +^commonly/commonly$ +^,/,$ +^minibus/*minibus$ +^,/,$ +^services/service$ +^connect/connect$ +^country/country$ +^'s/'s$ +^major/major$ +^cities/city$ +^./.$ + +^Minibuses/*Minibuses$ +^provide/provide$ +^public/public$ +^transit/*transit$ +^in/in$ +^cities/city$ +^and/and$ +^between/between$ +^cities/city$ +^to/to$ +^neighbouring/*neighbouring$ +^villages/village$ +^./.$ + Index: languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/monarchy1.consensus.txt =================================================================== --- languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/monarchy1.consensus.txt (nonexistent) +++ languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/monarchy1.consensus.txt (revision 80623) @@ -0,0 +1,577 @@ +^A/A$ +^main/main$ +^element/element$ +^uniting/unite$ +^Germanic/germanic$ +^societies/society$ +^is/be$ +^kingship/kingship$ +^,/,$ +^in/in$ +^origin/origin$ +^a/a$ +^sacral/sacral$ +^institution/institution$ +^combining/combine$ +^the/the$ +^functions/function$ +^of/of$ +^military/military$ +^leader/leader$ +^,/,$ +^high/high$ +^priest/priest$ +^,/,$ +^lawmaker/lawmaker$ +^and/and$ +^judge/judge$ +^./.$ + +^Germanic/germanic$ +^monarchy/monarchy$ +^was/be$ +^elective/elective$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^king/king$ +^was/be$ +^elected/elect$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^free/free$ +^men/man$ +^from among/from among$ +^elegible/elegible$ +^candidates/candidate$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^family/family$ +^(/($ +^OE/*OE$ +^cynn/*cynn$ +^)/)$ +^tracing/trace$ +^their/their$ +^ancestry/ancestry$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^tribe/tribe$ +^'s/'s$ +^divine/divine$ +^or/or$ +^semi-divine/semi-divine$ +^founder/founder$ +^./.$ + +^Free/Free$ +^women/woman$ +^did/do$ +^not/not$ +^have/have$ +^a/a$ +^political/political$ +^station/station$ +^of/of$ +^their/their$ +^own/own$ +^but/but$ +^inherited/inherit$ +^the/the$ +^rank/rank$ +^of/of$ +^their/their$ +^father/father$ +^if/if$ +^unmarried/unmarried$ +^,/,$ +^or/or$ +^their/their$ +^husband/husband$ +^if/if$ +^married/marry$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^weregild/weregild$ +^or/or$ +^recompense/recompense$ +^due/due$ +^for/for$ +^the/the$ +^killing/kill$ +^or/or$ +^injuring/injure$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^woman/woman$ +^is/be$ +^notably/notably$ +^set/set$ +^at/at$ +^twice/twice$ +^that/that$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^man/man$ +^of/of$ +^the same/the same$ +^rank/rank$ +^in/in$ +^Alemannic/*Alemannic$ +^law/law$ +^./.$ + +^All/All$ +^freemen/freemen$ +^had/have$ +^the/the$ +^right/right$ +^to/to$ +^participate/participate$ +^in/in$ +^general/general$ +^assemblies/assembly$ +^or/or$ +^things/thing$ +^,/,$ +^where/where$ +^disputes/dispute$ +^between/between$ +^freemen/freemen$ +^were/be$ +^addressed/address$ +^according to/according to$ +^customary/customary$ +^law/law$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^king/king$ +^was/be$ +^bound/bind$ +^to/to$ +^uphold/uphold$ +^ancestral/ancestral$ +^law/law$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^was/be$ +^at the same time/at the same time$ +^the/the$ +^source/source$ +^for/for$ +^new/new$ +^laws/law$ +^for/for$ +^cases/case$ +^not/not$ +^addressed/address$ +^in/in$ +^previous/previous$ +^tradition/tradition$ +^./.$ + +^This/This$ +^aspect/aspect$ +^was/be$ +^the/the$ +^reason/reason$ +^for/for$ +^the/the$ +^creation/creation$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^various/various$ +^Germanic/germanic$ +^law/law$ +^codes/code$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^kings/king$ +^following/follow$ +^their/their$ +^conversion/conversion$ +^to/to$ +^Christianity/Christianity$ +^:/:$ +^besides/besides$ +^recording/record$ +^inherited/inherit$ +^tribal/tribal$ +^law/law$ +^,/,$ +^these/this$ +^codes/code$ +^have/have$ +^the/the$ +^purpose/purpose$ +^of/of$ +^settling/settle$ +^the/the$ +^position/position$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^church/church$ +^and/and$ +^Christian/christian$ +^clergy/clergy$ +^within/within$ +^society/society$ +^,/,$ +^usually/usually$ +^setting/set$ +^the/the$ +^weregilds/weregilds$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^members/member$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^clerical/clerical$ +^hierarchy/hierarchy$ +^parallel/parallel$ +^to/to$ +^that/that$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^existing/exist$ +^hierarchy/hierarchy$ +^of/of$ +^nobility/nobility$ +^,/,$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^position/position$ +^of/of$ +^an/a$ +^archbishop/archbishop$ +^mirroring/mirroring$ +^that/that$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^king/king$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^the/the$ +^case/case$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^suspected/suspect$ +^crime/crime$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^accused/accuse$ +^could/can$ +^avoid/avoid$ +^punishment/punishment$ +^by/by$ +^presenting/present$ +^a/a$ +^fixed/fixed$ +^number/number$ +^of/of$ +^free/free$ +^men/man$ +^(/($ +^their/their$ +^number/number$ +^depending on/depend# on$ +^the/the$ +^severity/severity$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^crime/crime$ +^)/)$ +^prepared/prepare$ +^to/to$ +^swear/swear$ +^an/a$ +^oath/oath$ +^on/on$ +^his/his$ +^innocence/innocence$ +^./.$ + +^Failing/Fail$ +^this/this$ +^,/,$ +^he/prpers$ +^could/can$ +^prove/prove$ +^his/his$ +^innocence/innocence$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^trial/trial$ +^by/by$ +^combat/combat$ +^./.$ + +^Corporal/Corporal$ +^or/or$ +^capital punishment/capital punishment$ +^for/for$ +^free/free$ +^men/man$ +^does/do$ +^not/not$ +^figure/figure$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^Germanic/germanic$ +^law/law$ +^codes/code$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^banishment/banishment$ +^appears/appear$ +^to/to$ +^be/be$ +^the most/the+most$ +^severe/severe$ +^penalty/penalty$ +^issued/issue$ +^officially/officially$ +^./.$ + +^This/This$ +^reflects/reflect$ +^that/that$ +^Germanic/germanic$ +^tribal/tribal$ +^law/law$ +^did/do$ +^not/not$ +^have/have$ +^the/the$ +^scope/scope$ +^of/of$ +^exacting/exacting$ +^revenge/revenge$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^was left/be# left$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^judgement/judgement$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^family/family$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^victim/victim$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^to/to$ +^settle/settle$ +^damages/damage$ +^as/as$ +^fairly/fairly$ +^as/as$ +^possible/possible$ +^once/once$ +^an/a$ +^involved/involve$ +^party/party$ +^decided/decide$ +^to/to$ +^bring/bring$ +^a/a$ +^dispute/dispute$ +^before/before$ +^the/the$ +^assembly/assembly$ +^./.$ + +^Traditional/Traditional$ +^Germanic/germanic$ +^society/society$ +^is/be$ +^gradually/gradually$ +^replaced/replace$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^system/system$ +^of/of$ +^estates/estate$ +^and/and$ +^feudalism/feudalism$ +^characteristic/characteristic$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^High/High$ +^Middle/Middle$ +^Ages/Age$ +^in/in$ +^both/both$ +^the/the$ +^Holy/Holy$ +^Roman/Roman$ +^Empire/Empire$ +^and/and$ +^Anglo-Norman/Anglo-Norman$ +^England/England$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^11th/11$ +^to/to$ +^12th/12$ +^centuries/century$ +^,/,$ +^to some extent/to some extent$ +^under the influence/under the influence$ +^of/of$ +^Roman/Roman$ +^law/law$ +^as/as$ +^an/a$ +^indirect/indirect$ +^result/result$ +^of/of$ +^Christianisation/Christianisation$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^also/also$ +^because/because$ +^political/political$ +^structures/structure$ +^had/have$ +^grown/grow$ +^too/too$ +^large/large$ +^for/for$ +^the/the$ +^flat/flat$ +^hierarchy/hierarchy$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^tribal/tribal$ +^society/society$ +^./.$ + +^The same/The same$ +^effect/effect$ +^of/of$ +^political/political$ +^centralisation/centralisation$ +^takes/take$ +^hold/hold$ +^in/in$ +^Scandinavia/Scandinavia$ +^slightly/slightly$ +^later/later$ +^,/,$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^12th/12$ +^to/to$ +^13th century/13th century$ +^(/($ +^Age/Age$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Sturlungs/Sturlungs$ +^,/,$ +^Consolidation/Consolidation$ +^of/of$ +^Sweden/Sweden$ +^,/,$ +^Civil/Civil$ +^war/war$ +^era/era$ +^in/in$ +^Norway/Norway$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^end/end$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^14th century/14th century$ +^culminating/culminate$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^giant/giant$ +^Kalmar/Kalmar$ +^Union/Union$ +^./.$ + +^Elements/Element$ +^of/of$ +^tribal/tribal$ +^law/law$ +^,/,$ +^notably/notably$ +^the/the$ +^wager/wager$ +^of/of$ +^battle/battle$ +^,/,$ +^nevertheless/nevertheless$ +^remained/remain$ +^in effect/in effect$ +^throughout/throughout$ +^the/the$ +^Middle/Middle$ +^Ages/Age$ +^,/,$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^case/case$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Holy/Holy$ +^Roman/Roman$ +^Empire/Empire$ +^until/until$ +^the/the$ +^establishment/establishment$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Imperial/Imperial$ +^Chamber/Chamber$ +^Court/Court$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^beginning/begin$ +^German/german$ +^Renaissance/Renaissance$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^the/the$ +^federalist/federalist$ +^organisation/organisation$ +^of/of$ +^Switzerland/Switzerland$ +^,/,$ +^where/where$ +^cantonal/cantonal$ +^structures/structure$ +^remained/remain$ +^comparatively/comparatively$ +^local/local$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Germanic/germanic$ +^thing/thing$ +^survived/survive$ +^into/into$ +^the/the$ +^20th century/20th century$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^form/form$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Landsgemeinde/Landsgemeinde$ +^,/,$ +^albeit/albeit$ +^subject/subject$ +^to/to$ +^federal/federal$ +^law/law$ +^./.$ + Index: languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/partisans1.consensus.txt =================================================================== --- languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/partisans1.consensus.txt (nonexistent) +++ languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/partisans1.consensus.txt (revision 80623) @@ -0,0 +1,524 @@ +^On/On$ +^6/6$ +^April/April$ +^1941/1941$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Kingdom/Kingdom$ +^of/of$ +^Yugoslavia/Yugoslavia$ +^was/be$ +^invaded/invade$ +^from/from$ +^all/all$ +^sides/side$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Axis/Axis$ +^powers/power$ +^,/,$ +^primarily/primarily$ +^by/by$ +^German/german$ +^forces/force$ +^but/but$ +^including/include$ +^Italian/italian$ +^,/,$ +^Hungarian/hungarian$ +^and/and$ +^Bulgarian/bulgarian$ +^formations/formation$ +^as well/as well$ +^./.$ + +^During/During$ +^the/the$ +^invasion/invasion$ +^,/,$ +^Belgrade/Belgrade$ +^was/be$ +^bombed/bomb$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Luftwaffe/*Luftwaffe$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^invasion/invasion$ +^lasted/last$ +^little/little$ +^more than/more than$ +^ten/ten$ +^days/day$ +^,/,$ +^ending/end$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^unconditional/unconditional$ +^surrender/surrender$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Royal/Royal$ +^Yugoslav/Yugoslav$ +^Army/Army$ +^on/on$ +^17/17$ +^April/April$ +^./.$ + +^Besides/Besides$ +^being/be$ +^hopelessly/hopelessly$ +^ill/ill$ +^-/-$ +^equipped/equip$ +^when/when$ +^compared/compare$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^Wehrmacht/*Wehrmacht$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Army/Army$ +^attempted/attempt$ +^to/to$ +^defend/defend$ +^all/all$ +^borders/border$ +^but/but$ +^only/only$ +^managed/manage$ +^to/to$ +^thinly/*thinly$ +^spread/spread$ +^the/the$ +^limited/limit$ +^resources/resource$ +^available/available$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^terms/term$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^capitulation/capitulation$ +^were/be$ +^extremely/extremely$ +^severe/severe$ +^,/,$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^Axis/Axis$ +^proceeded/proceed$ +^to/to$ +^dismember/*dismember$ +^Yugoslavia/Yugoslavia$ +^./.$ + +^Germany/Germany$ +^occupied/occupy$ +^northern/northern$ +^Slovenia/Slovenia$ +^,/,$ +^while/while$ +^retaining/retain$ +^direct/direct$ +^occupation/occupation$ +^over/over$ +^a/a$ +^rump/rump$ +^Serbian/serbian$ +^state/state$ +^and/and$ +^considerable/considerable$ +^influence/influence$ +^over/over$ +^its/its$ +^newly/newly$ +^created/create$ +^puppet/puppet$ +^state/state$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Independent/Independent$ +^State/State$ +^of/of$ +^Croatia/Croatia$ +^(/($ +^NDH/*NDH$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^extended/extend$ +^over/over$ +^much/much$ +^of/of$ +^today/today$ +^'s/'s$ +^Croatia/Croatia$ +^and/and$ +^contained/contain$ +^all/all$ +^of/of$ +^modern/modern$ +^Bosnia/Bosnia$ +^and/and$ +^Herzegovina/Herzegovina$ +^and/and$ +^Syrmia/*Syrmia$ +^region/region$ +^of/of$ +^modern/modern$ +^day/day$ +^Serbia/Serbia$ +^./.$ + +^Mussolini/Mussolini$ +^'s/'s$ +^Italy/Italy$ +^occupied/occupy$ +^the/the$ +^remainder/remainder$ +^of/of$ +^Slovenia/Slovenia$ +^(/($ +^annexed/annex$ +^and/and$ +^renamed/rename$ +^Province/Province$ +^of/of$ +^Ljubljana/*Ljubljana$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^Kosovo/Kosovo$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^large/large$ +^chunks/*chunks$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^coastal/coastal$ +^Dalmatia/*Dalmatia$ +^region/region$ +^(/($ +^along with/along with$ +^nearly/nearly$ +^all/all$ +^its/its$ +^Adriatic/adriatic$ +^islands/island$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^It/Prpers$ +^also/also$ +^gained/gain$ +^control/control$ +^over/over$ +^the/the$ +^newly/newly$ +^created/create$ +^Montenegrin/*Montenegrin$ +^puppet/puppet$ +^state/state$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^was/be$ +^granted/grant$ +^the/the$ +^kingship/*kingship$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^Independent/Independent$ +^State/State$ +^of/of$ +^Croatia/Croatia$ +^,/,$ +^though/though$ +^wielding/wield$ +^little/little$ +^real/real$ +^power/power$ +^within/within$ +^it/prpers$ +^./.$ + +^Hungary/Hungary$ +^dispatched/*dispatched$ +^the/the$ +^Hungarian/hungarian$ +^Third/Third$ +^Army/Army$ +^to/to$ +^occupy/occupy$ +^part/part$ +^of/of$ +^Serbian/serbian$ +^Vojvodina/*Vojvodina$ +^,/,$ +^including/include$ +^Baranja/*Baranja$ +^and/and$ +^Bačka/*Bačka$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^annexed/annex$ +^the/the$ +^Croatian/croatian$ +^area/area$ +^of/of$ +^Meðimurje/Meðimurje$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Slovene/*Slovene$ +^area/area$ +^of/of$ +^Prekmurje/*Prekmurje$ +^./.$ + +^Bulgaria/Bulgaria$ +^,/,$ +^meanwhile/meanwhile$ +^,/,$ +^annexed/annex$ +^nearly/nearly$ +^all/all$ +^of/of$ +^Macedonia/Macedonia$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^small/small$ +^areas/area$ +^of/of$ +^eastern/eastern$ +^Serbia/Serbia$ +^and/and$ +^Kosovo/Kosovo$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^dissolution/dissolution$ +^of/of$ +^Yugoslavia/Yugoslavia$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^creation/creation$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^NDH/*NDH$ +^,/,$ +^Independent/Independent$ +^State/State$ +^of/of$ +^Montenegro/Montenegro$ +^and/and$ +^Nedic/*Nedic$ +^'s/'s$ +^Serbia/Serbia$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^annexations/annexation$ +^of/of$ +^Yugoslav/yugoslav$ +^territory/territory$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^various/various$ +^Axis/Axis$ +^countries/country$ +^were/be$ +^incompatible/incompatible$ +^with/with$ +^international/international$ +^law/law$ +^in force/in force$ +^at/at$ +^that/that$ +^time/time$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^occupying/occupy$ +^forces/force$ +^instituted/*instituted$ +^such/such$ +^severe/severe$ +^burdens/burden$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^local/local$ +^populace/*populace$ +^that/that$ +^the/the$ +^Partisans/*Partisans$ +^came/come$ +^not/not$ +^only/only$ +^to/to$ +^enjoy/enjoy$ +^widespread/widespread$ +^support/support$ +^but/but$ +^for/for$ +^many/many$ +^were/be$ +^the/the$ +^only/only$ +^option/option$ +^for/for$ +^survival/survival$ +^./.$ + +^Early/Early$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^occupation/occupation$ +^,/,$ +^German/German$ +^forces/force/force$ +^would/would$ +^hang/hang$ +^or/or$ +^shoot/shoot$ +^indiscriminately/indiscriminately$ +^,/,$ +^including/include$ +^women/woman$ +^,/,$ +^children/child$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^elderly/elderly$ +^,/,$ +^up to/up to$ +^100/100$ +^local/local$ +^inhabitants/inhabitant$ +^for/for$ +^every/every$ +^one/one$ +^German/German$ +^soldier/soldier$ +^killed/kill$ +^./.$ + +^Furthermore/Furthermore$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^country/country$ +^experienced/experience$ +^a/a$ +^breakdown/breakdown$ +^of/of$ +^law and order/law and order$ +^,/,$ +^with/with$ +^collaborationist/*collaborationist$ +^militias/militia$ +^roaming/roam$ +^the/the$ +^countryside/countryside$ +^terrorising/*terrorising$ +^the/the$ +^population/population$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^government/government$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^puppet/puppet$ +^Independent/Independent$ +^State/State$ +^of/of$ +^Croatia/Croatia$ +^found/find$ +^itself/itself$ +^unable/unable$ +^to/to$ +^control/control$ +^its/its$ +^territory/territory$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^early/early$ +^stages/stage$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^occupation/occupation$ +^,/,$ +^resulting/result$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^severe/severe$ +^crackdown/crackdown$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Ustaše/*Ustaše$ +^militias/militia$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^German/German$ +^army/army$ +^./.$ + +^Amid/Amid$ +^the/the$ +^relative/relative$ +^chaos/chaos$ +^that/that$ +^ensued/*ensued$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Communist/Communist$ +^Party/Party$ +^of/of$ +^Yugoslavia/Yugoslavia$ +^moved/move$ +^to/to$ +^organise/organise$ +^and/and$ +^unite/unite$ +^anti/*anti$ +^-/-$ +^fascist/fascist$ +^factions/faction$ +^and/and$ +^political/political$ +^forces/force$ +^into/into$ +^a/a$ +^nation/nation$ +^-/-$ +^wide/wide$ +^uprising/uprising$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^party/party$ +^,/,$ +^led/lead$ +^by/by$ +^Josip/*Josip$ +^Broz/*Broz$ +^Tito/Tito$ +^,/,$ +^was/be$ +^banned/ban$ +^after/after$ +^its/its$ +^significant/significant$ +^success/success$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^post/post$ +^-/-$ +^World War I/World War I$ +^Yugoslav/Yugoslav$ +^elections/election$ +^and/and$ +^operated/operate$ +^underground/underground$ +^since/since$ +^./.$ Index: languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/peru1.consensus.txt =================================================================== --- languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/peru1.consensus.txt (nonexistent) +++ languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/peru1.consensus.txt (revision 80623) @@ -0,0 +1,1713 @@ +^Some/Some$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^oldest/old$ +^civilisations/civilisation$ +^appeared/appear$ +^circa/circa$ +^6000/6000$ +^BC/*BC$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^coastal/coastal$ +^provinces/province$ +^of/of$ +^Chilca/*Chilca$ +^and/and$ +^Paracas/*Paracas$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^highland/highland$ +^province/province$ +^of/of$ +^Callejón/*Callejón$ +^de/*de$ +^Huaylas/*Huaylas$ +^./.$ + +^Over/Over$ +^the/the$ +^following/following$ +^three thousand/three thousand$ +^years/year$ +^,/,$ +^inhabitants/inhabitant$ +^switched/switch$ +^from/from$ +^nomadic/nomadic$ +^lifestyles/lifestyle$ +^to/to$ +^cultivating/cultivate$ +^land/land$ +^,/,$ +^as/as$ +^evidence/evidence$ +^from/from$ +^sites/site$ +^such as/such as$ +^Jiskairumoko/*Jiskairumoko$ +^,/,$ +^Kotosh/*Kotosh$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^Huaca/*Huaca$ +^Prieta/*Prieta$ +^demonstrates/demonstrate$ +^./.$ + +^Cultivation/*Cultivation$ +^of/of$ +^plants/plant$ +^such as/such as$ +^corn/corn$ +^and/and$ +^cotton/cotton$ +^(/($ +^Gossypium/*Gossypium$ +^Barbadense/*Barbadense$ +^)/)$ +^began/begin$ +^,/,$ +^as well as/as well as$ +^the/the$ +^domestication/domestication$ +^of/of$ +^animals/animal$ +^such as/such as$ +^the/the$ +^wild/wild$ +^ancestors/ancestor$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^llama/llama$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^alpaca/*alpaca$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^guinea pig/guinea pig$ +^./.$ + +^Inhabitants/Inhabitant$ +^practiced/practice$ +^spinning/spin$ +^and/and$ +^knitting/knit$ +^of/of$ +^cotton/cotton$ +^and/and$ +^wool/wool$ +^,/,$ +^basketry/*basketry$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^pottery/pottery$ +^./.$ + +^These/This$ +^cultures/culture$ +^developed/develop$ +^relatively/relatively$ +^advanced/advance$ +^techniques/technique$ +^of/of$ +^cultivation/*cultivation$ +^,/,$ +^gold/gold$ +^and/and$ +^silver/silver$ +^craft/craft$ +^,/,$ +^pottery/pottery$ +^,/,$ +^metallurgy/metallurgy$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^knitting/knit$ +^./.$ + +^Around/Around$ +^700/700$ +^BC/*BC$ +^,/,$ +^they/prpers$ +^appear/appear$ +^to/to$ +^have/have$ +^developed/develop$ +^systems/system$ +^of/of$ +^social/social$ +^organisation/organisation$ +^that/that$ +^were/be$ +^the/the$ +^precursors/precursor$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Inca/Inca$ +^civilisation/civilisation$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^empire/empire$ +^originated/originate$ +^from/from$ +^a/a$ +^tribe/tribe$ +^based/base$ +^in/in$ +^Cuzco/*Cuzco$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^became/become$ +^the/the$ +^capital/capital$ +^./.$ + +^Pachacutec/*Pachacutec$ +^was/be$ +^the/the$ +^first/first$ +^ruler/ruler$ +^to/to$ +^considerably/considerably$ +^expand/expand$ +^the/the$ +^boundaries/boundary$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Cuzco/*Cuzco$ +^state/state$ +^./.$ + +^His/His$ +^offspring/offspring$ +^later/later$ +^ruled/rule$ +^an/a$ +^empire/empire$ +^by/by$ +^both/both$ +^violent/violent$ +^and/and$ +^peaceful/peaceful$ +^conquest/conquest$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Empire/Empire$ +^'s/'s$ +^administrative/administrative$ +^,/,$ +^political/political$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^military/military$ +^centre/centre$ +^was/be$ +^located/locate$ +^in/in$ +^Cuzco/*Cuzco$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^empire/empire$ +^was/be$ +^divided/divide$ +^into/into$ +^four/four$ +^quarters/quarter$ +^:/:$ +^Chinchasuyo/*Chinchasuyo$ +^,/,$ +^Antisuyo/*Antisuyo$ +^,/,$ +^Contisuyo/*Contisuyo$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^Collasuyo/*Collasuyo$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Tahuantinsuyo/*Tahuantinsuyo$ +^was/be$ +^organised/organise$ +^in/in$ +^dominions/*dominions$ +^with/with$ +^a/a$ +^stratified/stratify$ +^society/society$ +^,/,$ +^in/in$ +^which/which$ +^the/the$ +^ruler/ruler$ +^was/be$ +^the/the$ +^Inca/Inca$ +^./.$ + +^It/Prpers$ +^was/be$ +^also/also$ +^supported/support$ +^by/by$ +^an/a$ +^economy/economy$ +^based/base$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^collective/collective$ +^property/property$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^land/land$ +^./.$ + +^In fact/In fact$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Inca/Inca$ +^Empire/Empire$ +^was/be$ +^conceived/conceive$ +^as/as$ +^an/a$ +^ambitious/ambitious$ +^and/and$ +^audacious/audacious$ +^civilising/civilise$ +^project/project$ +^,/,$ +^based/base$ +^on/on$ +^a/a$ +^mythical/mythical$ +^thought/thought$ +^,/,$ +^in/in$ +^which/which$ +^the/the$ +^harmony/harmony$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^relationships/relationship$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^human being/human being$ +^,/,$ +^nature/nature$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^gods/god$ +^was/be$ +^truly/truly$ +^essential/essential$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^empire/empire$ +^,/,$ +^being/be$ +^quite/quite$ +^large/large$ +^,/,$ +^also/also$ +^had/have$ +^an/a$ +^impressive/impressive$ +^transportation/transportation$ +^system/system$ +^of/of$ +^roads/road$ +^to/to$ +^all/all$ +^points/point$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^empire/empire$ +^called/call$ +^the/the$ +^Inca/Inca$ +^Trail/Trail$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^chasquis/*chasquis$ +^,/,$ +^message/message$ +^carriers/carrier$ +^who/who$ +^relayed/*relayed$ +^information/information$ +^from/from$ +^anywhere/*anywhere$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^empire/empire$ +^to/to$ +^Cuzco/*Cuzco$ +^./.$ + +^When/When$ +^the/the$ +^Spanish/Spanish$ +^landed/land$ +^in/in$ +^1531/1531$ +^,/,$ +^Peru/Peru$ +^'s/'s$ +^territory/territory$ +^was/be$ +^the/the$ +^nucleus/nucleus$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^highly/highly$ +^developed/develop$ +^Inca/Inca$ +^civilisation/civilisation$ +^./.$ + +^Centered/Centre$ +^at/at$ +^Cuzco/*Cuzco$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Inca/Inca$ +^Empire/Empire$ +^extended/extend$ +^over/over$ +^a/a$ +^vast/vast$ +^region/region$ +^,/,$ +^stretching/stretch$ +^from/from$ +^northern/northern$ +^Ecuador/Ecuador$ +^to/to$ +^central/central$ +^Chile/Chile$ +^./.$ + +^At/At$ +^that/that$ +^moment/moment$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Inca/Inca$ +^Empire/Empire$ +^was/be$ +^preoccupied/*preoccupied$ +^by/by$ +^a/a$ +^five/five$ +^-/-$ +^year/year$ +^civil/civil$ +^war/war$ +^between/between$ +^two/two$ +^princes/prince$ +^,/,$ +^Huáscar/*Huáscar$ +^and/and$ +^Atahualpa/Atahualpa$ +^./.$ + +^Taking advantage of/Take# advantage of$ +^this/this$ +^,/,$ +^Pizarro/Pizarro$ +^carried out/carry# out$ +^a/a$ +^coup d'état/coup# d'état$ +^./.$ + +^On/On$ +^November/November$ +^16/16$ +^,/,$ +^1532/1532$ +^,/,$ +^while/while$ +^the/the$ +^natives/native$ +^were/be$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^celebration/celebration$ +^in/in$ +^Cajamarca/*Cajamarca$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Spanish/Spanish$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^surprise/surprise$ +^move/move$ +^captured/capture$ +^the/the$ +^Inca/Inca$ +^Atahualpa/Atahualpa$ +^during/during$ +^the/the$ +^Battle/Battle$ +^of/of$ +^Cajamarca/*Cajamarca$ +^,/,$ +^causing/cause$ +^a/a$ +^great/great$ +^consternation/consternation$ +^among/among$ +^the/the$ +^natives/native$ +^and/and$ +^conditioning/condition$ +^the/the$ +^future/future$ +^course/course$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^fight/fight$ +^./.$ + +^When/When$ +^Huascar/*Huascar$ +^was/be$ +^killed/kill$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Spanish/Spanish$ +^tried/try$ +^and/and$ +^convicted/convict$ +^Atahualpa/Atahualpa$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^murder/murder$ +^,/,$ +^executing/execute$ +^him/prpers$ +^by/by$ +^strangulation/*strangulation$ +^./.$ + +^Establishing/Establish$ +^a/a$ +^stable/stable$ +^colonial/colonial$ +^government/government$ +^was/be$ +^delayed/delay$ +^for/for$ +^some/some$ +^time/time$ +^by/by$ +^native/native$ +^revolts/revolt$ +^and/and$ +^bands/band$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Conquistadores/*Conquistadores$ +^(/($ +^led/lead$ +^by/by$ +^Pizarro/Pizarro$ +^and/and$ +^Diego/Diego$ +^de/*de$ +^Almagro/*Almagro$ +^)/)$ +^fighting/fight$ +^among/among$ +^themselves/themselves$ +^./.$ + +^A/A$ +^long/long$ +^civil/civil$ +^war/war$ +^developed/develop$ +^,/,$ +^from/from$ +^which/which$ +^the/the$ +^Pizarros/Pizarro$ +^emerged/emerge$ +^victorious/victorious$ +^at/at$ +^the/the$ +^Battle/Battle$ +^of/of$ +^Las/*Las$ +^Salinas/*Salinas$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^1541/1541$ +^,/,$ +^Pizarro/Pizarro$ +^was/be$ +^assassinated/assassinate$ +^by/by$ +^a/a$ +^faction/faction$ +^led/lead$ +^by/by$ +^Diego/Diego$ +^de/*de$ +^Almagro/*Almagro$ +^(/($ +^El/*El$ +^Mozo/*Mozo$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^stability/stability$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^original/original$ +^colonial/colonial$ +^regime/regime$ +^was/be$ +^shaken up/shake# up$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^ensuing/*ensuing$ +^civil/civil$ +^war/war$ +^./.$ + +^Despite/Despite$ +^this/this$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Spaniards/Spaniard$ +^did/do$ +^not/not$ +^neglect/neglect$ +^the/the$ +^colonising/colonising$ +^process/process$ +^./.$ + +^Its/Its$ +^most/most$ +^significant/significant$ +^milestone/milestone$ +^was/be$ +^the/the$ +^foundation/foundation$ +^of/of$ +^Lima/Lima$ +^in/in$ +^January/January$ +^1535/1535$ +^,/,$ +^from/from$ +^which/which$ +^the/the$ +^political/political$ +^and/and$ +^administrative/administrative$ +^institutions/institution$ +^were/be$ +^organised/organise$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^new/new$ +^rulers/ruler$ +^instituted/*instituted$ +^an/a$ +^encomienda/*encomienda$ +^system/system$ +^,/,$ +^by/by$ +^which/which$ +^the/the$ +^Spanish/Spanish$ +^extracted/extract$ +^tribute/tribute$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^local/local$ +^population/population$ +^,/,$ +^part/part$ +^of which/of+which$ +^was/be$ +^forwarded/forward$ +^to/to$ +^Seville/Seville$ +^in return/in return$ +^for/for$ +^converting/convert$ +^the/the$ +^natives/native$ +^to/to$ +^Christianity/Christianity$ +^./.$ + +^Title/Title$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^land/land$ +^itself/itself$ +^remained/remain$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^king/king$ +^of/of$ +^Spain/Spain$ +^./.$ + +^As/As$ +^governor/governor$ +^of/of$ +^Peru/Peru$ +^,/,$ +^Pizarro/Pizarro$ +^used/use$ +^the/the$ +^encomienda/*encomienda$ +^system/system$ +^to/to$ +^grant/grant$ +^virtually/virtually$ +^unlimited/*unlimited$ +^authority/authority$ +^over/over$ +^groups/group$ +^of/of$ +^native/native$ +^Peruvians/Peruvian$ +^to/to$ +^his/his$ +^soldier/soldier$ +^companions/companion$ +^,/,$ +^thus/thus$ +^forming/form$ +^the/the$ +^colonial/colonial$ +^land/land$ +^-/-$ +^tenure/*tenure$ +^structure/structure$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^indigenous/*indigenous$ +^inhabitants/inhabitant$ +^of/of$ +^Peru/Peru$ +^were/be$ +^now/now$ +^expected/expect$ +^to/to$ +^raise/raise$ +^Old/Old$ +^World/World$ +^cattle/cattle$ +^,/,$ +^poultry/*poultry$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^crops/crop$ +^for/for$ +^their/their$ +^landlords/landlord$ +^./.$ + +^Resistance/Resistance$ +^was/be$ +^punished/punish$ +^severely/severely$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^necessity/*necessity$ +^of/of$ +^consolidating/consolidate$ +^Spanish/spanish$ +^royal/royal$ +^authority/authority$ +^over/over$ +^these/this$ +^territories/territory$ +^,/,$ +^led/lead$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^creation/creation$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^Real/Real$ +^Audiencia/*Audiencia$ +^(/($ +^Royal/Royal$ +^Audience/Audience$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^following/following$ +^year/year$ +^,/,$ +^in/in$ +^1542/1542$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Viceroyalty/Viceroyalty$ +^of/of$ +^Peru/Peru$ +^(/($ +^in/in$ +^Spanish/Spanish$ +^,/,$ +^Virreinato/*Virreinato$ +^del/*del$ +^Perú/*Perú$ +^)/)$ +^was/be$ +^established/establish$ +^,/,$ +^with/with$ +^authority/authority$ +^over/over$ +^most of/most+of$ +^Spanish/spanish$ +^-/-$ +^ruled/rule$ +^South/South$ +^America/America$ +^./.$ + +^Colombia/Colombia$ +^,/,$ +^Ecuador/Ecuador$ +^,/,$ +^Panamá/*Panamá$ +^and/and$ +^Venezuela/Venezuela$ +^were/be$ +^split/split$ +^off/off$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^Viceroyalty/Viceroyalty$ +^of/of$ +^New/New$ +^Granada/Granada$ +^(/($ +^in/in$ +^Spanish/Spanish$ +^,/,$ +^Virreinato/*Virreinato$ +^de/*de$ +^Nueva/*Nueva$ +^Granada/Granada$ +^)/)$ +^in/in$ +^1717/1717$ +^;/;$ +^and/and$ +^Argentina/Argentina$ +^,/,$ +^Bolivia/Bolivia$ +^,/,$ +^Paraguay/Paraguay$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^Uruguay/Uruguay$ +^were/be$ +^set up/set# up$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^Viceroyalty/Viceroyalty$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Río/*Río$ +^de/*de$ +^la/*la$ +^Plata/*Plata$ +^in/in$ +^1776/1776$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^creation/creation$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Viceroyalties/Viceroyalty$ +^of/of$ +^New/New$ +^Granada/Granada$ +^and/and$ +^Rio/*Rio$ +^de/*de$ +^la/*la$ +^Plata/*Plata$ +^(/($ +^at the expense of/at the expense of$ +^its/its$ +^territory/territory$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^duty/duty$ +^exemptions/exemption$ +^that/that$ +^moved/move$ +^the/the$ +^commercial/commercial$ +^center/centre$ +^from/from$ +^Lima/Lima$ +^to/to$ +^Caracas/Caracas$ +^and/and$ +^Buenos Aires/Buenos Aires$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^decrease/decrease$ +^in/in$ +^mining/mining$ +^and/and$ +^textile/textile$ +^production/production$ +^determined/determine$ +^the/the$ +^progressive/progressive$ +^decay/decay$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Viceroyalty/Viceroyalty$ +^of/of$ +^Peru/Peru$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^economic/economic$ +^crisis/crisis$ +^favoured/favour$ +^the/the$ +^indigenous/*indigenous$ +^rebellion/rebellion$ +^from/from$ +^1780/1780$ +^to/to$ +^1781/1781$ +^./.$ + +^This/This$ +^rebellion/rebellion$ +^was/be$ +^headed by/headed by$ +^Túpac/*Túpac$ +^Amaru/*Amaru$ +^II/II$ +^./.$ + +^At/At$ +^this/this$ +^time/time$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Napoleonic/napoleonic$ +^invasion/invasion$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Iberian/iberian$ +^Peninsula/Peninsula$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ 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+^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Criollo/*Criollo$ +^oligarchy/oligarchy$ +^in/in$ +^Perú/*Perú$ +^remained/remain$ +^mostly/mostly$ +^loyal/loyal$ +^to/to$ +^Spain/Spain$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^accounts/account$ +^for/for$ +^the/the$ +^fact/fact$ +^that/that$ +^the/the$ +^Viceroyalty/Viceroyalty$ +^of/of$ +^Peru/Peru$ +^became/become$ +^the/the$ +^last/last$ +^redoubt/redoubt$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Spanish/spanish$ +^dominion/*dominion$ +^in/in$ +^South/South$ +^America/America$ +^./.$ + +^After/After$ +^the/the$ +^world-wide/world-wide$ +^crisis/crisis$ +^of/of$ +^1929/1929$ +^,/,$ +^numerous/numerous$ +^brief/brief$ +^governments/government$ +^followed/follow$ +^one/one$ +^another/another$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^APRA/*APRA$ +^party/party$ +^had/have$ +^the/the$ +^opportunity/opportunity$ +^to/to$ +^cause/cause$ +^system/system$ +^reforms/reform$ +^by means of/by means of$ +^political/political$ +^actions/action$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^it/prpers$ +^was/be$ +^not/not$ +^successful/successful$ +^./.$ + +^This/This$ +^was/be$ +^a/a$ +^nationalistic/*nationalistic$ +^movement/movement$ +^,/,$ +^populist/populist$ +^and/and$ +^anti-imperialist/anti-imperialist$ +^,/,$ +^headed by/headed by$ +^Victor/Victor$ +^Raul/Raul$ +^Haya/*Haya$ +^de/*de$ +^la/*la$ +^Torre/*Torre$ +^in/in$ +^1924/1924$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Socialist/Socialist$ +^Party/Party$ +^of/of$ +^Peru/Peru$ +^,/,$ +^later/later$ +^the/the$ +^Peruvian/peruvian$ +^Communist/Communist$ +^Party/Party$ +^,/,$ +^was/be$ +^created/create$ +^four/four$ +^years/year$ +^later/later$ +^and/and$ +^it/prpers$ +^was/be$ +^led/lead$ +^by/by$ +^Jose/Jose$ +^C./*C.$ +^Mariategui/*Mariategui$ +^./.$ + +^President/President$ +^Bustamante/*Bustamante$ +^y/*y$ +^Rivero/*Rivero$ +^hoped/hope$ +^to/to$ +^create/create$ +^a/a$ +^more/more$ +^democratic/democratic$ +^government/government$ +^by/by$ +^limiting/limit$ +^the/the$ +^power/power$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^military/military$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^oligarchy/oligarchy$ +^./.$ + +^Elected/Elect$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^cooperation/cooperation$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^APRA/*APRA$ +^,/,$ +^conflict/conflict$ +^soon/soon$ +^arose/arise$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^President/President$ +^and/and$ +^Haya/*Haya$ +^de/*de$ +^la/*la$ +^Torre/*Torre$ +^./.$ + +^Without/Without$ +^the/the$ +^support/support$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^APRA/*APRA$ +^party/party$ +^,/,$ +^Bustamante/*Bustamante$ +^y/*y$ +^Rivero/*Rivero$ +^found/find$ +^his/his$ +^presidency/presidency$ +^severely/severely$ +^limited/limit$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^President/President$ +^disbanded/*disbanded$ +^his/his$ +^Aprista/*Aprista$ +^cabinet/cabinet$ +^and/and$ +^replaced/replace$ +^it/prpers$ +^with/with$ +^a/a$ +^mostly/mostly$ +^military/military$ +^one/one$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^1948/1948$ +^,/,$ +^Minister/Minister$ +^Manuel/Manuel$ +^A./*A.$ +^Odría/*Odría$ +^and/and$ +^other/other$ +^right-wing/right-wing$ +^elements/element$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Cabinet/Cabinet$ +^urged/urge$ 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+^allowed/allow$ +^him/prpers$ +^to/to$ +^indulge/*indulge$ +^in/in$ +^expensive/expensive$ +^but/but$ +^crowd/crowd$ +^-/-$ +^pleasing/please$ +^social/social$ +^policies/policy$ +^./.$ + +^At the same time/At the same time$ +^,/,$ +^however/however$ +^,/,$ +^civil/civil$ +^rights/right$ +^were/be$ +^severely/severely$ +^restricted/restrict$ +^and/and$ +^corruption/corruption$ +^was/be$ +^rampant/*rampant$ +^throughout/throughout$ +^his/his$ +^régime/*régime$ +^./.$ + +^Owing to/Owing to$ +^such/such$ +^chronic/chronic$ +^inflation/inflation$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Peruvian/peruvian$ +^currency/currency$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^sol/*sol$ +^,/,$ +^was/be$ +^replaced/replace$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Inti/inti$ +^in/in$ +^mid/*mid$ +^-/-$ +^1985/1985$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^itself/itself$ +^was/be$ +^replaced/replace$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^nuevo/*nuevo$ +^sol/*sol$ +^(/($ +" +^new/new$ +^sol/*sol$ +" +^)/)$ +^in/in$ +^July/July$ +^1991/1991$ +^,/,$ +^at/at$ +^which/which$ +^time/time$ +^the/the$ +^new/new$ +^sol/*sol$ +^had/have$ +^a/a$ +^cumulative/cumulative$ +^value/value$ +^of/of$ +^one billion/one billion$ +^old/old$ +^soles/sole$ +^./.$ +^During/During$ +^his/his$ +^administration/administration$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^per capita/per capita$ +^annual/annual$ +^income/income$ +^of/of$ +^Peruvians/Peruvian$ +^fell/fall$ +^to/to$ +^$/$$ +^720/720$ +^(/($ +^below/below$ +^the/the$ +^level/level$ +^of/of$ +^1960/1960$ +^)/)$ +^and/and$ +^Peru/Peru$ +^'s/'s$ +^Gross/Gross$ +^Domestic/Domestic$ +^Product/Product$ +^dropped/drop$ +^20%/20%$ +^./.$ + +^By/By$ +^the/the$ +^end/end$ +^of/of$ +^his/his$ +^term/term$ +^,/,$ +^national/national$ +^reserves/reserve$ +^were/be$ +^a/a$ +^negative/negative$ +^$/$$ +^900/900$ +^million/million$ +^./.$ + +^Fujimori/Fujimori$ +^'s/'s$ +^administration/administration$ +^was/be$ +^dogged/*dogged$ +^by/by$ +^several/several$ +^insurgent/insurgent$ +^groups/group$ +^,/,$ +^most/most$ +^notably/notably$ +^Sendero/*Sendero$ +^Luminoso/*Luminoso$ +^(/($ +^Shining/Shine$ +^Path/Path$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^carried/carry$ +^on/on$ +^a/a$ +^terrorist/terrorist$ +^campaign/campaign$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^countryside/countryside$ +^throughout/throughout$ +^the/the$ +^1980s/1980s$ +^and/and$ +^1990s/1990s$ +^./.$ + +^He/Prpers$ +^cracked/crack$ +^down/down$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^insurgents/*insurgents$ +^and/and$ +^was/be$ +^successful/successful$ +^in/in$ +^largely/largely$ +^quelling/*quelling$ +^them/prpers$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^late/late$ +^1990s/1990s$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^the/the$ +^fight/fight$ +^was/be$ +^marred/*marred$ +^by/by$ +^atrocities/atrocity$ +^committed/commit$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^both/both$ +^Peruvian/peruvian$ +^security forces/security forces$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^insurgents/*insurgents$ +^:/:$ +^the/the$ +^Barrios/*Barrios$ +^Altos/Alto$ +^massacre/massacre$ +^and/and$ +^La/*La$ +^Cantuta/*Cantuta$ +^massacre/massacre$ +^by/by$ +^Government/Government$ +^paramilitary/*paramilitary$ +^groups/group$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^bombings/*bombings$ +^of/of$ +^Tarata/*Tarata$ +^and/and$ +^Frecuencia/*Frecuencia$ +^Latina/*Latina$ +^by/by$ +^Shining/Shine$ +^Path/Path$ +^./.$ + +^Those/That$ +^examples/example$ +^subsequently/subsequently$ +^came/come$ +^to/to$ +^be/be$ +^seen/see$ +^as/as$ +^symbols/symbol$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^human rights/human right$ +^violations/violation$ +^committed/commit$ +^during/during$ +^the/the$ +^last/last$ +^years/year$ +^of/of$ +^violence/violence$ +^./.$ + +^With/With$ +^the/the$ +^capture/capture$ +^of/of$ +^Abimael/*Abimael$ +^Guzmán/Guzmán$ +^(/($ +^known/know$ +^as/as$ +^President/President$ +^Gonzalo/Gonzalo$ +^)/)$ +^in/in$ +^September/September$ +^1992/1992$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Shining/Shine$ +^Path/Path$ +^received/receive$ +^a/a$ +^severe/severe$ +^blow/blow$ +^which/which$ +^practically/practically$ +^destroyed/destroy$ +^the/the$ +^organisation/organisation$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^December/December$ +^1996/1996$ +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^group/group$ +^of/of$ +^insurgents/*insurgents$ +^belonging/belong$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^MRTA/*MRTA$ +^took/take$ +^over/over$ +^the/the$ +^Japanese/japanese$ +^embassy/embassy$ +^in/in$ +^Lima/Lima$ +^,/,$ +^taking/take$ +^72/72$ +^people/person$ +^hostage/hostage$ +^./.$ + +^Military/Military$ +^commandos/commando$ +^stormed/*stormed$ +^the/the$ +^embassy/embassy$ +^compound/compound$ +^in/in$ +^May/May$ +^1997/1997$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^resulted/result$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^death/death$ +^of/of$ +^all/all$ +^15/15$ +^hostage/hostage$ +^takers/*takers$ +^,/,$ +^one/one$ +^hostage/hostage$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^2/2$ +^commandos/commando$ +^./.$ + +^It/Prpers$ +^later/later$ +^emerged/emerge$ +^,/,$ +^however/however$ +^,/,$ +^that/that$ +^Fujimori/Fujimori$ +^'s/'s$ +^security/security$ +^chief/chief$ +^Vladimiro/Vladimiro$ +^Montesinos/Montesinos$ +^may/may$ +^have/have$ +^ordered/order$ +^the/the$ +^killing/kill$ +^of/of$ +^at least/at least$ +^eight/eight$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^rebels/rebel$ +^after/after$ +^they/prpers$ +^surrendered/surrender$ +^./.$ + +^A/A$ +^caretaker/*caretaker$ +^government/government$ +^presided/*presided$ +^over/over$ +^by/by$ +^Valentín/Valentín$ +^Paniagua/*Paniagua$ +^took on/take# on$ +^the/the$ +^responsibility/responsibility$ +^of/of$ +^conducting/conduct$ +^new/new$ +^presidential/presidential$ +^and/and$ +^congressional/*congressional$ +^elections/election$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^elections/election$ +^were/be$ +^held/hold$ +^in/in$ +^April/April$ +^2001/2001$ +^;/;$ +^observers/observer$ +^considered/consider$ +^them/prpers$ +^to/to$ +^be/be$ +^free/free$ +^and/and$ +^fair/fair$ +^./.$ + +^Alejandro/Alejandro$ +^Toledo/Toledo$ +^(/($ +^who/who$ +^led/lead$ +^the/the$ +^opposition/opposition$ +^against/against$ +^Fujimori/Fujimori$ +^)/)$ +^defeated/defeat$ +^former/former$ +^President/President$ +^Alan/Alan$ +^García/García$ +^./.$ + Index: languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/sahara1.consensus.txt =================================================================== --- languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/sahara1.consensus.txt (nonexistent) +++ languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/sahara1.consensus.txt (revision 80623) @@ -0,0 +1,1193 @@ +^After/After$ +^an/a$ +^agreement/agreement$ +^among/among$ +^the/the$ +^European/european$ +^colonial/colonial$ +^powers/power$ +^at/at$ +^the/the$ +^Berlin/Berlin$ +^Conference/Conference$ +^in/in$ +^1884/1884$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^division/division$ +^of/of$ +^spheres/sphere$ +^of/of$ +^influence/influence$ +^in/in$ +^Africa/Africa$ +^,/,$ +^Spain/Spain$ +^seized/seize$ +^control/control$ +^of/of$ +^The/The$ +^Western/Western$ +^Sahara/Sahara$ +^and/and$ +^established/establish$ +^it/prpers$ +^as a/as a$ +^Spanish/spanish$ +^colony/colony$ +^./.$ + +^After/After$ +^1939/1939$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^outbreak/outbreak$ +^of/of$ +^World War II/World War II$ +^,/,$ +^this/this$ +^area/area$ +^was/be$ +^administered/administer$ +^by/by$ +^Spanish/spanish$ +^Morocco/Morocco$ +^./.$ + +^As a/As a$ +^consequence/consequence$ +^,/,$ +^Ahmed/Ahmed$ +^Belbachir/*Belbachir$ +^Haskouri/*Haskouri$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Chief/Chief$ +^of/of$ +^Cabinet/Cabinet$ +^,/,$ +^General/General$ +^Secretary/Secretary$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Government/Government$ +^of/of$ +^Spanish/spanish$ +^Morocco/Morocco$ +^,/,$ +^cooperated/cooperate$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^Spanish/Spanish$ +^to/to$ +^select/select$ +^governors/governor$ +^in/in$ +^that/that$ +^area/area$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Saharan/*Saharan$ +^lords/lord$ +^who/who$ +^were/be$ +^already/already$ +^in/in$ +^prominent/prominent$ +^positions/position$ +^,/,$ +^such as/such as$ +^the/the$ +^members/member$ +^of/of$ +^Maa/*Maa$ +^El/*El$ +^Ainain/*Ainain$ +^family/family$ +^,/,$ +^provided/provide$ +^a/a$ +^recommended/recommended$ +^list/list$ +^of/of$ +^candidates/candidate$ +^for/for$ +^new/new$ +^governors/governor$ +^./.$ + +^Together with/Together with$ +^the/the$ +^Spanish/spanish$ +^High/High$ +^Commissioner/Commissioner$ +^,/,$ +^Belbachir/*Belbachir$ +^selected/select$ +^from/from$ +^this/this$ +^list/list$ +^./.$ + +^During/During$ +^the/the$ +^annual/annual$ +^celebration/celebration$ +^of/of$ +^Muhammad/Muhammad$ +^'s/'s$ +^birthday/birthday$ +^,/,$ +^these/this$ +^lords/lord$ +^paid/pay$ +^their/their$ +^respects/respect$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^caliph/caliph$ +^to/to$ +^show/show$ +^loyalty/loyalty$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^Moroccan/moroccan$ +^monarchy/monarchy$ +^./.$ + +^As/As$ +^time/time$ +^went by/go# by$ +^,/,$ +^Spanish/spanish$ +^colonial/colonial$ +^rule/rule$ +^began/begin$ +^to/to$ +^unravel/unravel$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^general/general$ +^wave/wave$ +^of/of$ +^decolonisation/decolonisation$ +^after/after$ +^World War II/World War II$ +^;/;$ +^former/former$ +^North/North$ +^African/african$ +^and/and$ +^sub/*sub$ +^-/-$ +^Saharan/*Saharan$ +^African/african$ +^possessions/possession$ +^and/and$ +^protectorates/protectorate$ +^gained/gain$ +^independence/independence$ +^from/from$ +^European/european$ +^powers/power$ +^./.$ + +^Spanish/spanish$ +^decolonisation/decolonisation$ +^proceeded/proceed$ +^more/more$ +^slowly/slowly$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^internal/internal$ +^political/political$ +^and/and$ +^social/social$ +^pressures/pressure$ +^for/for$ +^it/prpers$ +^in/in$ +^mainland/*mainland$ +^Spain/Spain$ +^built/build$ +^up/up$ +^towards/towards$ +^the/the$ +^end/end$ +^of/of$ +^Francisco/Francisco$ +^Franco/Franco$ +^'s/'s$ +^rule/rule$ +^./.$ + +^There/There$ +^was/be$ +^a/a$ +^global/global$ +^trend/trend$ +^towards/towards$ +^complete/complete$ +^decolonisation/decolonisation$ +^./.$ + +^Spain/Spain$ +^began/begin$ +^rapidly/rapidly$ +^to/to$ +^divest/*divest$ +^itself/itself$ +^of/of$ +^most of/most+of$ +^its/its$ +^remaining/remaining$ +^colonial/colonial$ +^possessions/possession$ +^./.$ + +^By/By$ +^1974/1974$ +^–/–$ +^75/75$ +^the/the$ +^government/government$ +^issued/issue$ +^promises/promise$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^referendum/referendum$ +^on/on$ +^independence/independence$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^Western/Western$ +^Sahara/Sahara$ +^./.$ + + +^At the same time/At the same time$ +^,/,$ +^Morocco/Morocco$ +^and/and$ +^Mauritania/Mauritania$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^had/have$ +^historical/historical$ +^and/and$ +^competing/compete$ +^claims/claim$ +^of/of$ +^sovereignty/sovereignty$ +^over/over$ +^the/the$ +^territory/territory$ +^,/,$ +^argued/argue$ +^that/that$ +^it/prpers$ +^had/have$ +^been/be$ +^artificially/artificially$ +^separated/separate$ +^from/from$ +^their/their$ +^territories/territory$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^European/european$ +^colonial/colonial$ +^powers/power$ +^./.$ + +^Algeria/Algeria$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^also/also$ +^bordered/*bordered$ +^the/the$ +^territory/territory$ +^,/,$ +^viewed/view$ +^their/their$ +^demands/demand$ +^with/with$ +^suspicion/suspicion$ +^,/,$ +^as/as$ +^it/prpers$ +^also/also$ +^had/have$ +^a/a$ +^long/long$ +^-/-$ +^running/run$ +^rivalry/rivalry$ +^with/with$ +^Morocco/Morocco$ +^./.$ + +^After/After$ +^arguing/argue$ +^for/for$ +^a/a$ +^process/process$ +^of/of$ +^decolonisation/decolonisation$ +^to/to$ +^be/be$ +^guided/guide$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^United Nations/United Nations$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Algerian/algerian$ +^government/government$ +^under/under$ +^Houari/*Houari$ +^Boumédiènne/*Boumédiènne$ +^in/in$ +^1975/1975$ +^committed/commit$ +^to/to$ +^assisting/assist$ +^the/the$ +^Polisario Front/Polisario Front$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^opposed/*opposed$ +^both/both$ +^Moroccan/moroccan$ +^and/and$ +^Mauritanian/mauritanian$ +^claims/claim$ +^and/and$ +^demanded/demand$ +^full/full$ +^independence/independence$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Western/Western$ +^Sahara/Sahara$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^UN/UN$ +^attempted/attempt$ +^to/to$ +^settle/settle$ +^these/this$ +^disputes/dispute$ +^through/through$ +^a/a$ +visiting/visiting$ +^mission/mission$ +^in/in$ +^late/late$ +^1975/1975$ +^,/,$ +^as well as/as well as$ +^a/a$ +^verdict/verdict$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^International/International$ +^Court/Court$ +^of/of$ +^Justice/Justice$ +^(/($ +^ICJ/*ICJ$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^It/Prpers$ +^acknowledged/acknowledge$ +^that/that$ +^Western/Western$ +^Sahara/Sahara$ +^had/have$ +^historical/historical$ +^links/link$ +^with/with$ +^Morocco/Morocco$ +^and/and$ +^Mauritania/Mauritania$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^the/the$ +^population/population$ +^of/of$ +^this/this$ +^territory/territory$ +^possessed/possess$ +^the/the$ +^right/right$ +^of/of$ +^self-determination/self-determination$ +^./.$ + +^On/On$ +^6/6$ +^November/November$ +^1975/1975$ +^Morocco/Morocco$ +^initiated/initiate$ +^the/the$ +^Green/Green$ +^March/March$ +^into/into$ +^Western/Western$ +^Sahara/Sahara$ +^;/;$ +^350,000/350,000$ +^unarmed/unarmed$ +^Moroccans/Moroccan$ +^converged/converge$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^city/city$ +^of/of$ +^Tarfaya/*Tarfaya$ +^in/in$ +^southern/southern$ +^Morocco/Morocco$ +^and/and$ +^waited/wait$ +^for/for$ +^a/a$ +^signal/signal$ +^from/from$ +^King/King$ +^Hassan/Hassan$ +^II/II$ +^of/of$ +^Morocco/Morocco$ +^to/to$ +^cross/cross$ +^the/the$ +^border/border$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^peaceful/peaceful$ +^march/march$ +^./.$ + +^A few/A few$ +^days before/day# before$ +^,/,$ +^on/on$ +^31/31$ +^October/October$ +^,/,$ +^Moroccan/moroccan$ +^troops/troop$ +^invaded/invade$ +^Western/Western$ +^Sahara/Sahara$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^northwest/northwest$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^the/the$ +^waning/waning$ +^days/day$ +^of/of$ +^General/General$ +^Franco/Franco$ +^'s/'s$ +^rule/rule$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^after/after$ +^the/the$ +^Green/Green$ +^March/March$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Spanish/spanish$ +^government/government$ +^signed/sign$ +^a/a$ +^tripartite/*tripartite$ +^agreement/agreement$ +^with/with$ +^Morocco/Morocco$ +^and/and$ +^Mauritania/Mauritania$ +^as/as$ +^it/prpers$ +^moved/move$ +^to/to$ +^transfer/transfer$ +^the/the$ +^territory/territory$ +^on/on$ +^14/14$ +^November/November$ +^1975/1975$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^accords/accord$ +^were/be$ +^based/base$ +^on/on$ +^a/a$ +^bipartite/*bipartite$ +^administration/administration$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^Morocco/Morocco$ +^and/and$ +^Mauritania/Mauritania$ +^each/each$ +^moved/move$ +^to/to$ +^annex/annex$ +^the/the$ +^territories/territory$ +^,/,$ +^with/with$ +^Morocco/Morocco$ +^taking/take$ +^control/control$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^northern/northern$ +^two/two$ +^-/-$ +^thirds/third$ +^of/of$ +^Western/Western$ +^Sahara/Sahara$ +^as/as$ +^its/its$ +^Southern/Southern$ +^Provinces/Province$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^Mauritania/Mauritania$ +^taking/take$ +^control/control$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^southern/southern$ +^third/third$ +^as/as$ +^Tiris/*Tiris$ +^al/*al$ +^-/-$ +^Gharbiyya/*Gharbiyya$ +^./.$ + +^Spain/Spain$ +^terminated/terminate$ +^its/its$ +^presence/presence$ +^in/in$ +^Spanish/spanish$ +^Sahara/Sahara$ +^within/within$ +^three/three$ +^months/month$ +^,/,$ +^repatriating/repatriate$ +^Spanish/spanish$ +^remains/remains$ +^from/from$ +^its/its$ +^cemeteries/cemetery$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Moroccan/moroccan$ +^and/and$ +^Mauritanian/mauritanian$ +^annexations/annexation$ +^were/be$ +^resisted/resist$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Polisario Front/Polisario Front$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^had/have$ +^gained/gain$ +^backing/backing$ +^from/from$ +^Algeria/Algeria$ +^./.$ + +^It/Prpers$ +^initiated/initiate$ +^guerrilla/guerrilla$ +^warfare/*warfare$ +^and/and$ +^,/,$ +^in/in$ +^1979/1979$ +^,/,$ +^Mauritania/Mauritania$ +^withdrew/withdraw$ +^due to/due to$ +^pressure/pressure$ +^from/from$ +^Polisario/*Polisario$ +^,/,$ +^including/include$ +^a/a$ +^bombardment/bombardment$ +^of/of$ +^its/its$ +^capital/capital$ +^and/and$ +^other/other$ +^economic/economic$ +^targets/target$ +^./.$ + +^Morocco/Morocco$ +^extended/extend$ +^its/its$ +^control/control$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^rest/rest$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^territory/territory$ +^./.$ + +^It/Prpers$ +^gradually/gradually$ +^contained/contain$ +^the/the$ +^guerrillas/guerrilla$ +^by/by$ +^setting up/set# up$ +^the/the$ +^extensive/extensive$ +^sand/sand$ +^-/-$ +^berm/*berm$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^desert/desert$ +^(/($ +^known/know$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^Border/Border$ +^Wall/Wall$ +^or/or$ +^Moroccan/moroccan$ +^Wall/Wall$ +^)/)$ +^to/to$ +^exclude/exclude$ +^guerrilla/guerrilla$ +^fighters/fighter$ +^./.$ + +^Hostilities/Hostility$ +^ceased/cease$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^1991/1991$ +^cease-fire/cease-fire$ +^,/,$ +^overseen/*overseen$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^peacekeeping/*peacekeeping$ +^mission/mission$ +^MINURSO/*MINURSO$ +^,/,$ +^under/under$ +^the/the$ +^terms/term$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^UN/UN$ +^Settlement/Settlement$ +^Plan/Plan$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^referendum/referendum$ +^,/,$ +^originally/originally$ +^scheduled/schedule$ +^for/for$ +^1992/1992$ +^,/,$ +^foresaw/foresee$ +^giving/give$ +^the/the$ +^local/local$ +^population/population$ +^the/the$ +^option/option$ +^between/between$ +^independence/independence$ +^or/or$ +^affirming/affirm$ +^integration/integration$ +^with/with$ +^Morocco/Morocco$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^it/prpers$ +^quickly/quickly$ +^stalled/stall$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^1997/1997$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Houston/Houston$ +^Agreement/Agreement$ +^attempted/attempt$ +^to/to$ +^revive/revive$ +^the/the$ +^proposal/proposal$ +^for/for$ +^a/a$ +^referendum/referendum$ +^but/but$ +^likewise/likewise$ +^has/have$ +^hitherto/hitherto$ +^not/not$ +^had/have$ +^success/success$ +^./.$ + +^As/As$ +^of/of$ +^2010/2010$ +^,/,$ +^negotiations/negotiation$ +^over/over$ +^terms/term$ +^have/have$ +^not/not$ +^resulted/result$ +^in/in$ +^any/any$ +^substantive/substantive$ +^action/action$ +^./.$ + +^At the heart of/At the heart of$ +^the/the$ +^dispute/dispute$ +^lies/lie$ +^the/the$ +^question/question$ +^of/of$ +^who/who$ +^qualifies/qualify$ +^to/to$ +^be/be$ +^registered/register$ +^to/to$ +^participate/participate$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^referendum/referendum$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^,/,$ +^since/since$ +^about/about$ +^the/the$ +^year/year$ +^2000/2000$ +^,/,$ +^Morocco/Morocco$ +^considers/consider$ +^that/that$ +^since/since$ +^there/there$ +^is/be$ +^no/no$ +^agreement/agreement$ +^on/on$ +^persons/person$ +^entitled/entitle$ +^to/to$ +^vote/vote$ +^,/,$ +^a/a$ +^referendum/referendum$ +^is/be$ +^not/not$ +^possible/possible$ +^./.$ + +^Meanwhile/Meanwhile$ +^,/,$ +^Polisario/*Polisario$ +^still/still$ +^insisted/insist$ +^on/on$ +^a/a$ +^referendum/referendum$ +^with/with$ +^independence/independence$ +^as a/as a$ +^clear/clear$ +^option/option$ +^,/,$ +^without/without$ +^offering/offer$ +^a/a$ +^solution/solution$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^problem/problem$ +^of/of$ +^who/who$ +^is/be$ +^qualified/qualified$ +^to/to$ +^be/be$ +^registered/register$ +^to/to$ +^participate/participate$ +^in/in$ +^it/prpers$ +^./.$ + +^Both/Both$ +^sides/side$ +^blame/blame$ +^each/each$ +^other/other$ +^for/for$ +^the/the$ +^stalling/stall$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^referendum/referendum$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Polisario/*Polisario$ +^has/have$ +^insisted/insist$ +^on/on$ +^only/only$ +^allowing/allow$ +^those/that$ +^found/find$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^1974/1974$ +^Spanish/spanish$ +^Census/Census$ +^lists/list$ +^(/($ +^see/see$ +^below/below$ +^)/)$ +^to/to$ +^vote/vote$ +^,/,$ +^while/while$ +^Morocco/Morocco$ +^has/have$ +^insisted/insist$ +^that/that$ +^the/the$ +^census/census$ +^was/be$ +^flawed/flawed$ +^by/by$ +^evasion/evasion$ +^and/and$ +^sought/seek$ +^the/the$ +^inclusion/inclusion$ +^of/of$ +^members/member$ +^of/of$ +^Sahrawi/*Sahrawi$ +^tribes/tribe$ +^which/which$ +^escape/escape$ +^from/from$ +^Spanish/spanish$ +^invasion/invasion$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^north/north$ +^of/of$ +^Morocco/Morocco$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^19th century/19th century$ +^./.$ + +^Efforts/Effort$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^UN/UN$ +^special/special$ +^envoys/envoy$ +^to/to$ +^find/find$ +^a/a$ +^common/common$ +^ground/ground$ +^for/for$ +^both/both$ +^parties/party$ +^did/do$ +^not/not$ +^succeed/succeed$ +^./.$ + +^By/By$ +^1999/1999$ +^the/the$ +^UN/UN$ +^had/have$ +^identified/identify$ +^about/about$ +^85,000/85,000$ +^voters/voter$ +^,/,$ +^with/with$ +^nearly/nearly$ +^half/half$ +^of/of$ +^them/prpers$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^Moroccan/moroccan$ +^-/-$ +^controlled/control$ +^parts/part$ +^of/of$ +^Western/Western$ +^Sahara/Sahara$ +^or/or$ +^Southern/Southern$ +^Morocco/Morocco$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^others/others$ +^scattered/scatter$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^Tindouf/*Tindouf$ +^refugee camps/refugee camp$ +^,/,$ +^Mauritania/Mauritania$ +^and/and$ +^other/other$ +^places/place$ +^of/of$ +^exile/exile$ +^./.$ + +^Polisario/*Polisario$ +^accepted/accept$ +^this/this$ +^voter/voter$ +^list/list$ +^,/,$ +^as/as$ +^it/prpers$ +^had/have$ +^done/do$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^previous/previous$ +^list/list$ +^presented/present$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^UN/UN$ +^(/($ +^both/both$ +^of/of$ +^them/prpers$ +^originally/originally$ +^based/base$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^Spanish/spanish$ +^census/census$ +^of/of$ +^1974/1974$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^Morocco/Morocco$ +^refused/refuse$ +^and/and$ +^,/,$ +^as/as$ +^rejected/reject$ +^voter/voter$ +^candidates/candidate$ +^began/begin$ +^a/a$ +^mass/mass$ +^-/-$ +^appeals/appeal$ +^procedure/procedure$ +^,/,$ +^insisted/insist$ +^that/that$ +^each/each$ +^application/application$ +^be/be$ +^scrutinised/*scrutinised$ +^individually/individually$ +^./.$ + +^This/This$ +^again/again$ +^brought/bring$ +^the/the$ +^process/process$ +^to/to$ +^a/a$ +^halt/halt$ +^./.$ + +^According to/According to$ +^a/a$ +^NATO/NATO$ +^delegation/delegation$ +^,/,$ +^MINURSO/*MINURSO$ +^election/election$ +^observers/observer$ +^stated/state$ +^in/in$ +^1999/1999$ +^,/,$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^deadlock/deadlock$ +^continued/continue$ +^,/,$ +^that/that$ +^if/if$ +^the/the$ +^number/number$ +^of/of$ +^voters/voter$ +^does/do$ +^not/not$ +^rise/rise$ +^significantly/significantly$ +^the/the$ +^odds/*odds$ +^were/be$ +^slightly/slightly$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^RASD/*RASD$ +^side/side$ +^./.$ + +^By/By$ +^2001/2001$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^process/process$ +^had/have$ +^effectively/effectively$ +^stalemated/*stalemated$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^UN/UN$ +^Secretary-General/Secretary-General$ +^asked/ask$ +^the/the$ +^parties/party$ +^for the first time/for the first time$ +^to/to$ +^explore/explore$ +^other/other$ +^,/,$ +^third/third$ +^-/-$ +^way/way$ +^solutions/solution$ +^./.$ + +^Indeed/Indeed$ +^,/,$ +^shortly after/shortly after$ +^the/the$ +^Houston/Houston$ +^Agreement/Agreement$ +^(/($ +^1997/1997$ +^)/)$ +^,/,$ +^Morocco/Morocco$ +^officially/officially$ +^declared/declare$ +^that/that$ +^it/prpers$ +^was/be$ " +^no longer/no longer$ +^necessary/necessary$" +^to/to$ +^include/include$ +^an/a$ +^option/option$ +^of/of$ +^independence/independence$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^ballot/*ballot$ +^,/,$ +^offering/offer$ +^instead/instead$ +^autonomy/autonomy$ +^./.$ + +^Erik/Erik$ +^Jensen/Jensen$ +^,/,$ +^who/who$ +^played/play$ +^an/a$ +^administrative/administrative$ +^role/role$ +^in/in$ +^MINURSO/*MINURSO$ +^,/,$ +^wrote/write$ +^that/that$ +^neither/neither$ +^side/side$ +^would/would$ +^agree to/agree# to$ +^a/a$ +^voter/voter$ +^registration/registration$ +^in/in$ +^which/which$ +^they/prpers$ +^were/be$ +^destined/destined$ +^to/to$ +^lose/lose$ +^./.$ Index: languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/sunday1.consensus.txt =================================================================== --- languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/sunday1.consensus.txt (nonexistent) +++ languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/sunday1.consensus.txt (revision 80623) @@ -0,0 +1,500 @@ +^In/In$ +^the/the$ +^late/late$ +^1960s/1960s$ +^,/,$ +^discrimination/discrimination$ +^against/against$ +^the/the$ +^Catholic/Catholic$ +^minority/minority$ +^in/in$ +^electoral/electoral$ +^boundaries/boundary$ +^,/,$ +^voting/vote$ +^rights/right$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^allocation/allocation$ +^of/of$ +^public/public$ +^housing/housing$ +^led/lead$ +^organisations/organisation$ +^such as/such as$ +^Northern Ireland/Northern Ireland$ +^Civil/Civil$ +^Rights/Right$ +^Association/Association$ +^(/($ +^NICRA/*NICRA$ +^)/)$ +^to/to$ +^mount/mount$ +^a/a$ +^non/non$ +^-/-$ +^violent/violent$ +^campaign/campaign$ +^for/for$ +^change/change$ +^./.$ + +^While/While$ +^initially/initially$ +^welcomed/welcome$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Catholics/Catholic$ +^as a/as a$ +^neutral/neutral$ +^force/force$ +^,/,$ +^relations/relation$ +^between/between$ +^them/prpers$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Army/Army$ +^soon/soon$ +^deteriorated/deteriorate$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^response/response$ +^to/to$ +^escalating/*escalating$ +^levels/level$ +^of/of$ +^violence/violence$ +^across/across$ +^Northern Ireland/Northern Ireland$ +^,/,$ +^internment/internment$ +^without/without$ +^trial/trial$ +^was/be$ +^introduced/introduce$ +^on/on$ +^9/9$ +^August/August$ +^1971/1971$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^a/a$ +^quid pro quo/quid pro quo$ +^gesture/gesture$ +^to/to$ +^nationalists/nationalist$ +^,/,$ +^all/all$ +^marches/march$ +^and/and$ +^parades/parade$ +^were/be$ +^banned/ban$ +^,/,$ +^including/include$ +^the/the$ +^flashpoint/flashpoint$ +^march/march$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Apprentice/*Apprentice$ +^Boys/Boy$ +^of/of$ +^Derry/*Derry$ +^which/which$ +^was due to/be# due to$ +^take place/take# place$ +^on/on$ +^12/12$ +^August/August$ +^./.$ + +^There/There$ +^was/be$ +^disorder/disorder$ +^across/across$ +^Northern Ireland/Northern Ireland$ +^following/follow$ +^the/the$ +^introduction/introduction$ +^of/of$ +^internment/internment$ +^,/,$ +^with/with$ +^21/21$ +^people/person$ +^being/be$ +^killed/kill$ +^in/in$ +^three/three$ +^days/day$ +^of/of$ +^rioting/riot$ +^./.$ + +^On/On$ +^10/10$ +^August/August$ +^Bombardier/*Bombardier$ +^Paul/Paul$ +^Challenor/*Challenor$ +^became/become$ +^the/the$ +^first/first$ +^soldier/soldier$ +^to/to$ +^be/be$ +^killed/kill$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Provisional/Provisional$ +^IRA/*IRA$ +^in/in$ +^Derry/*Derry$ +^,/,$ +^when/when$ +^he/prpers$ +^was/be$ +^shot/shoot$ +^by/by$ +^a/a$ +^sniper/sniper$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^Creggan/*Creggan$ +^estate/estate$ +^./.$ + +^A/A$ +^further/further$ +^six/six$ +^soldiers/soldier$ +^had/have$ +^been/be$ +^killed/kill$ +^in/in$ +^Derry/*Derry$ +^by/by$ +^mid/*mid$ +^-/-$ +^December/December$ +^1971/1971$ +^./.$ + +^1,932/1,932$ +^rounds/round$ +^were/be$ +^fired/fire$ +^at/at$ +^the/the$ +^British/British$ +^Army/Army$ +^,/,$ +^who/who$ +^also/also$ +^faced/face$ +^211/211$ +^explosions/explosion$ +^and/and$ +^180/180$ +^nail/nail$ +^bombs/bomb$ +^and/and$ +^who/who$ +^fired/fire$ +^364/364$ +^rounds/round$ +^in return/in return$ +^./.$ + +^Provisional/Provisional$ +^IRA/*IRA$ +^activity/activity$ +^also/also$ +^increased/increase$ +^across/across$ +^Northern Ireland/Northern Ireland$ +^with/with$ +^thirty/thirty$ +^British/British$ +^soldiers/soldier$ +^being/be$ +^killed/kill$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^remaining/remaining$ +^months/month$ +^of/of$ +^1971/1971$ +^,/,$ +^in contrast to/in contrast to$ +^the/the$ +^ten/ten$ +^soldiers/soldier$ +^killed/kill$ +^during/during$ +^the/the$ +^pre/*pre$ +^-/-$ +^internment/internment$ +^period/period$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^year/year$ +^./.$ + +^Both/Both$ +^the/the$ +^Official/Official$ +^IRA/*IRA$ +^and/and$ +^Provisional/Provisional$ +^IRA/*IRA$ +^had/have$ +^established/establish$ +" +^no/no$ +^-/-$ +^go/go$ +" +^areas/area$ +^for/for$ +^the/the$ +^British/British$ +^Army/Army$ +^and/and$ +^RUC/*RUC$ +^in/in$ +^Derry/*Derry$ +^through/through$ +^the/the$ +^use/use$ +^of/of$ +^barricades/barricade$ +^./.$ + +^By/By$ +^the/the$ +^end/end$ +^of/of$ +^1971/1971$ +^,/,$ +^29/29$ +^barricades/barricade$ +^were/be$ +^in/in$ +^place/place$ +^to/to$ +^prevent/prevent$ +^access/access$ +^to/to$ +^what/what$ +^was/be$ +^known/know$ +^as/as$ +^Free/Free$ +^Derry/*Derry$ +^,/,$ +^16/16$ +^of/of$ +^them/prpers$ +^impassable/impassable$ +^even/even$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^British/British$ +^Army/Army$ +^'s/'s$ +^one/one$ +^-/-$ +^ton/ton$ +^armoured/armoured$ +^vehicles/vehicle$ +^./.$ + +^IRA/*IRA$ +^members/member$ +^openly/openly$ +^mounted/mount$ +^roadblocks/*roadblocks$ +^in front of/in front of$ +^the/the$ +^media/media$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^daily/daily$ +^clashes/clash$ +^took place/take# place$ +^between/between$ +^nationalist/nationalist$ +^youths/youth$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^British/British$ +^Army/Army$ +^at/at$ +^a/a$ +^spot/spot$ +^known/know$ +^as/as$ +" +^aggro/*aggro$ +^corner/corner$ +" +^./.$ + +^Due to/Due to$ +^rioting/riot$ +^and/and$ +^damage/damage$ +^to/to$ +^shops/shop$ +^caused/cause$ +^by/by$ +^incendiary/incendiary$ +^devices/device$ +^,/,$ +^an/a$ +^estimated/estimate$ +^total/total$ +^of/of$ +^£/£$ +^4/4$ +^million/million$ +^worth/worth$ +^of/of$ +^damage/damage$ +^had/have$ +^been/be$ +^done/do$ +^to/to$ +^local/local$ +^businesses/business$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^January/January$ +^1972/1972$ +^NICRA/*NICRA$ +^intended/intend$ +^,/,$ +^despite/despite$ +^the/the$ +^ban/ban$ +^,/,$ +^to/to$ +^organise/organise$ +^a/a$ +^march/march$ +^in/in$ +^Derry/*Derry$ +^to/to$ +^protest/protest$ +^against/against$ +^internment/internment$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^authorities/authority$ +^who/who$ +^knew/know$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^proposed/propose$ +^march/march$ +^decided/decide$ +^to/to$ +^allow/allow$ +^it/prpers$ +^to/to$ +^proceed/proceed$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^Catholic/Catholic$ +^areas/area$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^city/city$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^to/to$ +^stop/stop$ +^it/prpers$ +^from/from$ +^reaching/reach$ +^Guildhall/*Guildhall$ +^Square/Square$ +^,/,$ +^as/as$ +^planned/plan$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^organisers/organiser$ +^./.$ + +^Major/Major$ +^General/General$ +^Robert/Robert$ +^Ford/Ford$ +^,/,$ +^then/then$ +^Commander/Commander$ +^of/of$ +^Land/Land$ +^Forces/Force$ +^in/in$ +^Northern Ireland/Northern Ireland$ +^,/,$ +^ordered/order$ +^that/that$ +^1st/1$ +^Battalion/*Battalion$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Parachute/Parachute$ +^Regiment/Regiment$ +^(/($ +^1/1$ +^PARA/*PARA$ +^)/)$ +^should/should$ +^travel/travel$ +^to/to$ +^Derry/*Derry$ +^to/to$ +^be used to/be# used to$ +^arrest/arrest$ +^possible/possible$ +^rioters/*rioters$ +^during/during$ +^the/the$ +^march/march$ +^./.$ + +^1/1$ +^PARA/*PARA$ +^arrived/arrive$ +^in/in$ +^Derry/*Derry$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^morning/morning$ +^of/of$ +^Sunday/Sunday$ +^30/30$ +^January/January$ +^1972/1972$ +^and/and$ +^took/take$ +^up/up$ +^positions/position$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^city/city$ +^./.$ Index: languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/tokamak1.consensus.txt =================================================================== --- languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/tokamak1.consensus.txt (nonexistent) +++ languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/tokamak1.consensus.txt (revision 80623) @@ -0,0 +1,1874 @@ +^A/a$ +^tokamak/*tokamak$ +^is/be$ +^a/a$ +^device/device$ +^using/use$ +^a/a$ +^magnetic/magnetic$ +^field/field$ +^to/to$ +^confine/confine$ +^a/a$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^shape/shape$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^torus/*torus$ +^./.$ + +^Achieving/achieve$ +^a/a$ +^stable/stable$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^equilibrium/equilibrium$ +^requires/require$ +^magnetic/magnetic$ +^field/field$ +^lines/line$ +^that/that$ +^move/move$ +^around/around$ +^the/the$ +^torus/*torus$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^helical/*helical$ +^shape/shape$ +^./.$ + +^Such/such$ +^a/a$ +^helical/*helical$ +^field/field$ +^can/can$ +^be/be$ +^generated/generate$ +^by/by$ +^adding/add$ +^a/a$ +^toroidal/*toroidal$ +^field/field$ +^(/($ +^travelling/travel$ +^around/around$ +^the/the$ +^torus/*torus$ +^in/in$ +^circles/circle$ +^)/)$ +^and/and$ +^a/a$ +^poloidal/*poloidal$ +^field/field$ +^(/($ +^traveling/travel$ +^in/in$ +^circles/circle$ +^orthogonal/orthogonal$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^toroidal/*toroidal$ +^field/field$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^In/in$ +^a/a$ +^tokamak/*tokamak$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^toroidal/*toroidal$ +^field/field$ +^is/be$ +^produced/produce$ +^by/by$ +^electromagnets/electromagnet$ +^that/that$ +^surround/surround$ +^the/the$ +^torus/*torus$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^poloidal/*poloidal$ +^field/field$ +^is/be$ +^the/the$ +^result/result$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^toroidal/*toroidal$ +^electric/electric$ +^current/current$ +^that/that$ +^flows/flow$ +^inside/inside$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^./.$ + +^This/this$ +^current/current$ +^is/be$ +^induced/induce$ +^inside/inside$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^with/with$ +^a/a$ +^second/second$ +^set/set$ +^of/of$ +^electromagnets/electromagnet$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^tokamak/*tokamak$ +^is/be$ +^one/one$ +^of/of$ +^several/several$ +^types/type$ +^of/of$ +^magnetic/magnetic$ +^confinement/confinement$ +^devices/device$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^is/be$ +^one/one$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^most-researched/most-researched$ +^candidates/candidate$ +^for/for$ +^producing/produce$ +^controlled/control$ +^thermonuclear/thermonuclear$ +^fusion/fusion$ +^power/power$ +^./.$ + +^Magnetic/magnetic$ +^fields/field$ +^are/be$ +^used/use$ +^for/for$ +^confinement/confinement$ +^since/since$ +^no/no$ +^solid/solid$ +^material/material$ +^could/can$ +^withstand/*withstand$ +^the/the$ +^extremely/extremely$ +^high/high$ +^temperature/temperature$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^./.$ + +^Tokamaks/*Tokamaks$ +^were/be$ +^invented/invent$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^1950s/1950s$ +^by/by$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^physicists/physicist$ +^Igor/Igor$ +^Tamm/*Tamm$ +^and/and$ +^Andrei/*Andrei$ +^Sakharov/*Sakharov$ +^,/,$ +^inspired/inspire$ +^by/by$ +^an/a$ +^original/original$ +^idea/idea$ +^of/of$ +^Oleg/*Oleg$ +^Lavrentiev/*Lavrentiev$ +^./.$ + +^Although/although$ +^nuclear/nuclear$ +^fusion/fusion$ +^research/research$ +^began/begin$ +^soon/soon$ +^after/after$ +^World/world$ +^War/war$ +^II/II$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^programs/program$ +^in/in$ +^various/various$ +^countries/country$ +^were/be$ +^each/each$ +^initially/initially$ +^classified/classify$ +^as/as$ +^secret/secret$ +^./.$ + +^It/prpers$ +^was/be$ +^not/not$ +^until/until$ +^after/after$ +^the/the$ +^1955/1955$ +^United/unite$ +^Nations/nation$ +^International/international$ +^Conference/conference$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^Peaceful/peaceful$ +^Uses/use$ +^of/of$ +^Atomic/atomic$ +^Energy/energy$ +^in/in$ +^Geneva/Geneva$ +^that/that$ +^programs/program$ +^were/be$ +^declassified/*declassified$ +^and/and$ +^international/international$ +^scientific/scientific$ +^collaboration/collaboration$ +^could/can$ +^take/take$ +^place/place$ +^./.$ + +^Experimental/experimental$ +^research/research$ +^of/of$ +^tokamak/*tokamak$ +^systems/system$ +^started/start$ +^in/in$ +^1956/1956$ +^in/in$ +^Kurchatov/*Kurchatov$ +^Institute/institute$ +^,/,$ +^Moscow/Moscow$ +^by/by$ +^a/a$ +^group/group$ +^of/of$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^scientists/scientist$ +^led/lead$ +^by/by$ +^Lev/*Lev$ +^Artsimovich/*Artsimovich$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^group/group$ +^constructed/construct$ +^the/the$ +^first/first$ +^tokamaks/*tokamaks$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^most/most$ +^successful/successful$ +^being/be$ +^T-3/*T-3$ +^and/and$ +^its/its$ +^larger/large$ +^version/version$ +^T-4/*T-4$ +^./.$ + +^T-69/*T-69$ +^was/be$ +^tested/test$ +^in/in$ +^1968/1968$ +^in/in$ +^Novosibirsk/*Novosibirsk$ +^,/,$ +^conducting/conduct$ +^the/the$ +^first/first$ +^ever/ever$ +^quasistationary/*quasistationary$ +^thermonuclear/thermonuclear$ +^fusion/fusion$ +^reaction/reaction$ +^./.$ + +^In/in$ +^1968/1968$ +^,/,$ +^at/at$ +^the/the$ +^third/third$ +^IAEA/*IAEA$ +^International/international$ +^Conference/conference$ +^on/on$ +^Plasma/plasma$ +^Physics/physics$ +^and/and$ +^Controlled/control$ +^Nuclear/nuclear$ +^Fusion/fusion$ +^Research/research$ +^at/at$ +^Novosibirsk/*Novosibirsk$ +^,/,$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^scientists/scientist$ +^announced/announce$ +^that/that$ +^they/prpers$ +^had/have$ +^achieved/achieve$ +^electron/electron$ +^temperatures/temperature$ +^of/of$ +^over/over$ +^1000/1000$ +^eV/*eV$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^tokamak/*tokamak$ +^device/device$ +^./.$ + +^British/british$ +^and/and$ +^American/american$ +^scientists/scientist$ +^met/meet$ +^this/this$ +^news/news$ +^with/with$ +^skepticism/scepticism$ +^,/,$ +^since/since$ +^they/prpers$ +^were/be$ +^far/far$ +^from/from$ +^reaching/reach$ +^that/that$ +^benchmark/*benchmark$ +^;/;$ +^they/prpers$ +^remained/remain$ +^suspicious/suspicious$ +^until/until$ +^laser/laser$ +^scattering/scatter$ +^tests/test$ +^confirmed/confirm$ +^the/the$ +^findings/finding$ +^next/next$ +^year/year$ +^./.$ + +^Positively/positively$ +^and/and$ +^negatively/negatively$ +^charged/charge$ +^ions/ion$ +^and/and$ +^negatively/negatively$ +^charged/charge$ +^electrons/electron$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^fusion/fusion$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^are/be$ +^at/at$ +^very/very$ +^high/high$ +^temperatures/temperature$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^have/have$ +^correspondingly/*correspondingly$ +^large/large$ +^velocities/velocity$ +^./.$ + +^In order to/in order to$ +^maintain/maintain$ +^the/the$ +^fusion/fusion$ +^process/process$ +^,/,$ +^particles/particle$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^hot/hot$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^must/must$ +^be/be$ +^confined/confine$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^central/central$ +^region/region$ +^,/,$ +^or/or$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^will/will$ +^rapidly/rapidly$ +^cool/cool$ +^./.$ + +^Magnetic/magnetic$ +^confinement/confinement$ +^fusion/fusion$ +^devices/device$ +^exploit/exploit$ +^the/the$ +^fact/fact$ +^that/that$ +^charged/charge$ +^particles/particle$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^magnetic/magnetic$ +^field/field$ +^experience/experience$ +^a/a$ +^Lorentz/Lorentz$ +^force/force$ +^and/and$ +^follow/follow$ +^helical/*helical$ +^paths/path$ +^along/along$ +^the/the$ +^field/field$ +^lines/line$ +^./.$ + +^Early/early$ +^fusion/fusion$ +^research/research$ +^devices/device$ +^were/be$ +^variants/variant$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^Z-pinch/Z-pinch$ +^and/and$ +^used/use$ +^electrical/electrical$ +^current/current$ +^to/to$ +^generate/generate$ +^a/a$ +^poloidal/*poloidal$ +^magnetic/magnetic$ +^field/field$ +^to/to$ +^contain/contain$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^along/along$ +^a/a$ +^linear/linear$ +^axis/axis$ +^between/between$ +^two/two$ +^points/point$ +^./.$ + +^Researchers/researcher$ +^discovered/discover$ +^that/that$ +^a/a$ +^simple/simple$ +^toroidal/*toroidal$ +^field/field$ +^,/,$ +^in/in$ +^which/which$ +^the/the$ +^magnetic/magnetic$ +^field/field$ +^lines/line$ +^run/run$ +^in/in$ +^circles/circle$ +^around/around$ +^an/a$ +^axis/axis$ +^of/of$ +^symmetry/symmetry$ +^,/,$ +^confines/confine$ +^a/a$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^hardly/hardly$ +^better/good$ +^than/than$ +^no/no$ +^field/field$ +^at/at$ +^all/all$ +^./.$ + +^This/this$ +^can/can$ +^be/be$ +^understood/understand$ +^by/by$ +^looking/look$ +^at/at$ +^the/the$ +^orbits/orbit$ +^of/of$ +^individual/individual$ +^particles/particle$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^particles/particle$ +^not/not$ +^only/only$ +^spiral/spiral$ +^around/around$ +^the/the$ +^field/field$ +^lines/line$ +^,/,$ +^they/prpers$ +^also/also$ +^drift/drift$ +^across/across$ +^the/the$ +^field/field$ +^./.$ + +^Since/since$ +^a/a$ +^toroidal/*toroidal$ +^field/field$ +^is/be$ +^curved/curve$ +^and/and$ +^decreases/decrease$ +^in/in$ +^strength/strength$ +^moving/move$ +^away/away$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^axis/axis$ +^of/of$ +^rotation/rotation$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^ions/ion$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^electrons/electron$ +^move/move$ +^parallel/parallel$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^axis/axis$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^in/in$ +^opposite/opposite$ +^directions/direction$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^charge/charge$ +^separation/separation$ +^leads/lead$ +^to/to$ +^an/a$ +^electric/electric$ +^field/field$ +^and/and$ +^an/a$ +^additional/additional$ +^drift/drift$ +^,/,$ +^in/in$ +^this/this$ +^case/case$ +^outward/*outward$ +^(/($ +^away/away$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^axis/axis$ +^of/of$ +^rotation/rotation$ +^)/)$ +^for/for$ +^both/both$ +^ions/ion$ +^and/and$ +^electrons/electron$ +^./.$ + +^Alternatively/alternatively$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^can/can$ +^be/be$ +^viewed/view$ +^as/as$ +^a/a$ +^torus/*torus$ +^of/of$ +^fluid/fluid$ +^with/with$ +^a/a$ +^magnetic/magnetic$ +^field/field$ +^frozen/freeze$ +^in/in$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^pressure/pressure$ +^results/result$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^force/force$ +^that/that$ +^tends/tend$ +^to/to$ +^expand/expand$ +^the/the$ +^torus/*torus$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^magnetic/magnetic$ +^field/field$ +^outside/outside$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^cannot/can+not$ +^prevent/prevent$ +^this/this$ +^expansion/expansion$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^simply/simply$ +^slips/slip$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^field/field$ +^lines/line$ +^./.$ + +^For/for$ +^a/a$ +^toroidal/*toroidal$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^to/to$ +^be/be$ +^effectively/effectively$ +^confined/confine$ +^by/by$ +^a/a$ +^magnetic/magnetic$ +^field/field$ +^,/,$ +^there/there$ +^must/must$ +^be/be$ +^a/a$ +^twist/twist$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^field/field$ +^lines/line$ +^./.$ + +^There/there$ +^are/be$ +^then/then$ +^no/no$ +^longer/long$ +^flux/*flux$ +^tubes/tube$ +^that/that$ +^simply/simply$ +^encircle/encircle$ +^the/the$ +^axis/axis$ +^,/,$ +^but/but$ +^,/,$ +^if/if$ +^there/there$ +^is/be$ +^sufficient/sufficient$ +^symmetry/symmetry$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^twist/twist$ +^,/,$ +^flux/*flux$ +^surfaces/surface$ +^./.$ + +^Some/some$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^flux/*flux$ +^surface/surface$ +^will/will$ +^be/be$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^outside/outside$ +^(/($ +^larger/large$ +^major/major$ +^radius/radius$ +^,/,$ +^or/or$ +" +^low/low$ +^-/-$ +^field/field$ +^side/side$ +" +^)/)$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^torus/*torus$ +^and/and$ +^will/will$ +^drift/drift$ +^to/to$ +^other/other$ +^flux/*flux$ +^surfaces/surface$ +^farther/far$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^circular/circular$ +^axis/axis$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^torus/*torus$ +^./.$ + +^Other/other$ +^portions/portion$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^flux/*flux$ +^surface/surface$ +^will/will$ +^be/be$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^inside/inside$ +^(/($ +^smaller/small$ +^major/major$ +^radius/radius$ +^,/,$ +^or/or$ +" +^high/high$ +^-/-$ +^field/field$ +^side/side$ +" +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^Since/since$ +^some/some$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^outward/*outward$ +^drift/drift$ +^is/be$ +^compensated/compensate$ +^by/by$ +^an/a$ +^inward/*inward$ +^drift/drift$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^same/same$ +^flux/*flux$ +^surface/surface$ +^,/,$ +^there/there$ +^is/be$ +^a/a$ +^macroscopic/macroscopic$ +^equilibrium/equilibrium$ +^with/with$ +^much/much$ +^improved/improve$ +^confinement/confinement$ +^./.$ + +^Another/another$ +^way/way$ +^to/to$ +^look/look$ +^at/at$ +^the/the$ +^effect/effect$ +^of/of$ +^twisting/twist$ +^the/the$ +^field/field$ +^lines/line$ +^is/be$ +^that/that$ +^the/the$ +^electric/electric$ +^field/field$ +^between/between$ +^the/the$ +^top/top$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^bottom/bottom$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^torus/*torus$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^tends/tend$ +^to/to$ +^cause/cause$ +^the/the$ +^outward/*outward$ +^drift/drift$ +^,/,$ +^is/be$ +^shorted/*shorted$ +^out/out$ +^because/because$ +^there/there$ +^are/be$ +^now/now$ +^field/field$ +^lines/line$ +^connecting/connect$ +^the/the$ +^top/top$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^bottom/bottom$ +^./.$ + +^When/when$ +^the/the$ +^problem/problem$ +^is/be$ +^considered/consider$ +^even/even$ +^more/more$ +^closely/closely$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^need/need$ +^for/for$ +^a/a$ +^vertical/vertical$ +^(/($ +^parallel/parallel$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^axis/axis$ +^of/of$ +^rotation/rotation$ +^)/)$ +^component/component$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^magnetic/magnetic$ +^field/field$ +^arises/arise$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^Lorentz/Lorentz$ +^force/force$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^toroidal/*toroidal$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^current/current$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^vertical/vertical$ +^field/field$ +^provides/provide$ +^the/the$ +^inward/*inward$ +^force/force$ +^that/that$ +^holds/hold$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^torus/*torus$ +^in/in$ +^equilibrium/equilibrium$ +^./.$ + +^This/this$ +^device/device$ +^where/where$ +^a/a$ +^large/large$ +^toroidal/*toroidal$ +^current/current$ +^is/be$ +^established/establish$ +^(/($ +^15/15$ +^Mega-amps/*Mega-amps$ +^in/in$ +^ITER/*ITER$ +^)/)$ +^suffers/suffer$ +^from/from$ +^a/a$ +^fundamental/fundamental$ +^problem/problem$ +^of/of$ +^stability/stability$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^nonlinear/*nonlinear$ +^evolution/evolution$ +^of/of$ +^magnetohydrodynamical/*magnetohydrodynamical$ +^instabilities/*instabilities$ +^leads/lead$ +^to/to$ +^a/a$ +^dramatic/dramatic$ +^quench/*quench$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^current/current$ +^on/on$ +^a/a$ +^very/very$ +^short/short$ +^time/time$ +^scale/scale$ +^,/,$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^order/order$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^millisecond/millisecond$ +^./.$ + +^Very/very$ +^energetic/energetic$ +^electrons/electron$ +^are/be$ +^created/create$ +^(/($ +^runaway/*runaway$ +^electrons/electron$ +^)/)$ +^and/and$ +^a/a$ +^global/global$ +^loss/loss$ +^of/of$ +^confinement/confinement$ +^is/be$ +^finally/finally$ +^obtained/obtain$ +^./.$ + +^A/a$ +^very/very$ +^high/high$ +^energy/energy$ +^is/be$ +^deposited/deposit$ +^on/on$ +^small/small$ +^areas/area$ +^./.$ + +^This/this$ +^phenomenon/phenomenon$ +^is/be$ +^called/call$ +^a/a$ +^major/major$ +^disruption/disruption$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^occurrence/occurrence$ +^of/of$ +^major/major$ +^disruptions/disruption$ +^in/in$ +^running/run$ +^tokamaks/*tokamaks$ +^has/have$ +^always/always$ +^been/be$ +^rather/rather$ +^high/high$ +^,/,$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^order/order$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^few/few$ +^percent/percent$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^total/total$ +^numbers/number$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^shots/shot$ +^./.$ + +^In/in$ +^currently/currently$ +^-/-$ +^operated/operate$ +^tokamaks/*tokamaks$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^damage/damage$ +^is/be$ +^often/often$ +^large/large$ +^but/but$ +^rarely/rarely$ +^dramatic/dramatic$ +^./.$ + +^In/in$ +^the/the$ +^ITER/*ITER$ +^tokamak/*tokamak$ +^,/,$ +^it/prpers$ +^is/be$ +^expected/expect$ +^that/that$ +^the/the$ +^occurrence/occurrence$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^limited/limit$ +^number/number$ +^of/of$ +^major/major$ +^disruptions/disruption$ +^will/will$ +^definitively/definitively$ +^damage/damage$ +^the/the$ +^chamber/chamber$ +^with/with$ +^no/no$ +^possibility/possibility$ +^to/to$ +^restore/restore$ +^the/the$ +^device/device$ +^./.$ + +^In/in$ +^an/a$ +^operating/operate$ +^fusion/fusion$ +^reactor/reactor$ +^,/,$ +^part/part$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^energy/energy$ +^generated/generate$ +^will/will$ +^serve/serve$ +^to/to$ +^maintain/maintain$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^temperature/temperature$ +^as/as$ +^fresh/fresh$ +^deuterium/deuterium$ +^and/and$ +^tritium/tritium$ +^are/be$ +^introduced/introduce$ +^./.$ + +^However/however$ +^,/,$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^startup/*startup$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^reactor/reactor$ +^,/,$ +^either/either$ +^initially/initially$ +^or/or$ +^after/after$ +^a/a$ +^temporary/temporary$ +^shutdown/shutdown$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^will/will$ +^have/have$ +^to/to$ +^be/be$ +^heated/heat$ +^to/to$ +^its/its$ +^operating/operate$ +^temperature/temperature$ +^of/of$ +^greater/great$ +^than/than$ +^10/10$ +^keV/*keV$ +^(/($ +^over/over$ +^100/100$ +^million/million$ +^degrees/degree$ +^Celsius/*Celsius$ +^)/)$^./.$ +^In/in$ +^current/current$ +^tokamak/*tokamak$ +^(/($ +^and/and$ +^other/other$ +^)/)$ +^magnetic/magnetic$ +^fusion/fusion$ +^experiments/experiment$ +^,/,$ +^insufficient/insufficient$ +^fusion/fusion$ +^energy/energy$ +^is/be$ +^produced/produce$ +^to/to$ +^maintain/maintain$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^temperature/temperature$ +^./.$ + +^Since/since$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^is/be$ +^an/a$ +^electrical/electrical$ +^conductor/conductor$ +^,/,$ +^it/prpers$ +^is/be$ +^possible/possible$ +^to/to$ +^heat/heat$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^by/by$ +^inducing/induce$ +^a/a$ +^current/current$ +^through/through$ +^it/prpers$ +^;/;$ +^in/in$ +^fact/fact$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^induced/induce$ +^current/current$ +^that/that$ +^heats/heat$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^usually/usually$ +^provides/provide$ +^most/most$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^poloidal/*poloidal$ +^field/field$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^current/current$ +^is/be$ +^induced/induce$ +^by/by$ +^slowly/slowly$ +^increasing/increase$ +^the/the$ +^current/current$ +^through/through$ +^an/a$ +^electromagnetic/electromagnetic$ +^winding/*winding$ +^linked/link$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^torus/*torus$ +^:/:$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^can/can$ +^be/be$ +^viewed/view$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^secondary/secondary$ +^winding/*winding$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^transformer/transformer$ +^./.$ + +^This/this$ +^is/be$ +^inherently/*inherently$ +^a/a$ +^pulsed/*pulsed$ +^process/process$ +^because/because$ +^there/there$ +^is/be$ +^a/a$ +^limit/limit$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^current/current$ +^through/through$ +^the/the$ +^primary/primary$ +^(/($ +^there/there$ +^are/be$ +^also/also$ +^other/other$ +^limitations/limitation$ +^on/on$ +^long/long$ +^pulses/pulse$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^Tokamaks/*Tokamaks$ +^must/must$ +^therefore/therefore$ +^either/either$ +^operate/operate$ +^for/for$ +^short/short$ +^periods/period$ +^or/or$ +^rely/rely$ +^on/on$ +^other/other$ +^means/means$ +^of/of$ +^heating/heat$ +^and/and$ +^current/current$ +^drive/drive$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^heating/heat$ +^caused/cause$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^induced/induce$ +^current/current$ +^is/be$ +^called/call$ +^ohmic/ohmic$ +^(/($ +^or/or$ +^resistive/*resistive$ +^)/)$ +^heating/heating$ +^;/;$ +^it/prpers$ +^is/be$ +^the/the$ +^same/same$ +^kind/kind$ +^of/of$ +^heating/heat$ +^that/that$ +^occurs/occur$ +^in/in$ +^an/a$ +^electric/electric$ +^light/light$ +^bulb/bulb$ +^or/or$ +^in/in$ +^an/a$ +^electric/electric$ +^heater/heater$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^heat/heat$ +^generated/generate$ +^depends/depend$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^resistance/resistance$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^amount/amount$ +^of/of$ +^electric/electric$ +^current/current$ +^running/run$ +^through/through$ +^it/prpers$ +^./.$ + +^But/but$ +^as/as$ +^the/the$ +^temperature/temperature$ +^of/of$ +^heated/heat$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^rises/rise$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^resistance/resistance$ +^decreases/decrease$ +^and/and$ +^ohmic/ohmic$ +^heating/heat$ +^becomes/become$ +^less/less$ +^effective/effective$ +^./.$ + +^It/prpers$ +^appears/appear$ +^that/that$ +^the/the$ +^maximum/maximum$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^temperature/temperature$ +^attainable/attainable$ +^by/by$ +^ohmic/ohmic$ +^heating/heat$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^tokamak/*tokamak$ +^is/be$ +^20-30/20-30$ +^million/million$ +^degrees/degree$ +^Celsius/*Celsius$ +^./.$ + +^To/to$ +^obtain/obtain$ +^still/still$ +^higher/high$ +^temperatures/temperature$ +^,/,$ +^additional/additional$ +^heating/heat$ +^methods/method$ +^must/must$ +^be/be$ +^used/use$ +^./.$ + +^Neutral/neutral$ +^-/-$ +^beam/beam$ +^injection/injection$ +^involves/involve$ +^the/the$ +^introduction/introduction$ +^of/of$ +^high/high$ +^-/-$ +^energy/energy$ +^(/($ +^rapidly/rapidly$ +^moving/move$ +^)/)$ +^atoms/atom$ +^into/into$ +^the/the$ +^ohmically/*ohmically$ +^heated/heat$ +^,/,$ +^magnetically/*magnetically$ +^confined/confine$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^atoms/atom$ +^are/be$ +^ionised/ionise$ +^as/as$ +^they/prpers$ +^pass/pass$ +^through/through$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^and/and$ +^are/be$ +^trapped/trap$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^magnetic/magnetic$ +^field/field$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^high/high$ +^-/-$ +^energy/energy$ +^ions/ion$ +^then/then$ +^transfer/transfer$ +^part/part$ +^of/of$ +^their/their$ +^energy/energy$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^particles/particle$ +^in/in$ +^repeated/repeat$ +^collisions/collision$ +^,/,$ +^increasing/increase$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^temperature/temperature$ +^./.$ + +^A/a$ +^gas/gas$ +^can/can$ +^be/be$ +^heated/heat$ +^by/by$ +^sudden/sudden$ +^compression/compression$ +^./.$ + +^In/in$ +^the/the$ +^same/same$ +^way/way$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^temperature/temperature$ +^of/of$ +^a/a$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^is/be$ +^increased/increase$ +^if/if$ +^it/prpers$ +^is/be$ +^compressed/compress$ +^rapidly/rapidly$ +^by/by$ +^increasing/increase$ +^the/the$ +^confining/confine$ +^magnetic/magnetic$ +^field/field$ +^./.$ + +^In/in$ +^a/a$ +^tokamak/*tokamak$ +^system/system$ +^this/this$ +^compression/compression$ +^is/be$ +^achieved/achieve$ +^simply/simply$ +^by/by$ +^moving/move$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^into/into$ +^a/a$ +^region/region$ +^of/of$ +^higher/high$ +^magnetic/magnetic$ +^field/field$ +^(/($ +^i.e./i.e.$ +^,/,$ +^radially/*radially$ +^inward/*inward$ +^)/)$ +^./.$ + +^Since/since$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^compression/compression$ +^brings/bring$ +^the/the$ +^ions/ion$ +^closer/close$ +^together/together$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^process/process$ +^has/have$ +^the/the$ +^additional/additional$ +^benefit/benefit$ +^of/of$ +^facilitating/facilitate$ +^attainment/attainment$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^required/require$ +^density/density$ +^for/for$ +^a/a$ +^fusion/fusion$ +^reactor/reactor$ +^./.$ + +^High/high$ +^-/-$ +^frequency/frequency$ +^electromagnetic/electromagnetic$ +^waves/wave$ +^are/be$ +^generated/generate$ +^by/by$ +^oscillators/oscillator$ +^(/($ +^often/often$ +^by/by$ +^gyrotrons/*gyrotrons$ +^or/or$ +^klystrons/*klystrons$ +^)/)$ +^outside/outside$ +^the/the$ +^torus/*torus$ +^./.$ + +^If/if$ +^the/the$ +^waves/wave$ +^have/have$ +^the/the$ +^correct/correct$ +^frequency/frequency$ +^(/($ +^or/or$ +^wavelength/wavelength$ +^)/)$ +^and/and$ +^polarisation/polarisation$ +^,/,$ +^their/their$ +^energy/energy$ +^can/can$ +^be/be$ +^transferred/transfer$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^charged/charge$ +^particles/particle$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^in/in$ +^turn/turn$ +^collide/*collide$ +^with/with$ +^other/other$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^particles/particle$ +^,/,$ +^thus/thus$ +^increasing/increase$ +^the/the$ +^temperature/temperature$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^bulk/*bulk$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^./.$ + +^Various/various$ +^techniques/technique$ +^exist/exist$ +^including/include$ +^electron/electron$ +^cyclotron/*cyclotron$ +^resonance/resonance$ +^heating/heat$ +^(/($ +^ECRH/*ECRH$ +^)/)$ +^and/and$ +^ion/ion$ +^cyclotron/*cyclotron$ +^resonance/resonance$ +^heating/heat$ +^./.$ + +^This/this$ +^energy/energy$ +^is/be$ +^usually/usually$ +^transferred/transfer$ +^by/by$ +^microwaves/microwave$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^fusion/fusion$ +^reactions/reaction$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^spiraling/*spiraling$ +^around/around$ +^a/a$ +^tokamak/*tokamak$ +^reactor/reactor$ +^produce/produce$ +^large/large$ +^amounts/amount$ +^of/of$ +^high/high$ +^-/-$ +^energy/energy$ +^neutrons/neutron$ +^./.$ + +^These/this$ +^neutrons/neutron$ +^,/,$ +^being/be$ +^electrically/electrically$ +^neutral/neutral$ +^,/,$ +^are/be$ +^no/no$ +^longer/long$ +^held/hold$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^stream/stream$ +^of/of$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^toroidal/*toroidal$ +^magnets/magnet$ +^and/and$ +^continue/continue$ +^until/until$ +^stopped/stop$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^inside/inside$ +^wall/wall$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^tokamak/*tokamak$ +^./.$ + +^This/this$ +^is/be$ +^a/a$ +^large/large$ +^advantage/advantage$ +^of/of$ +^tokamak/*tokamak$ +^reactors/reactor$ +^since/since$ +^these/this$ +^freed/free$ +^neutrons/neutron$ +^provide/provide$ +^a/a$ +^simple/simple$ +^way/way$ +^to/to$ +^extract/extract$ +^heat/heat$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^plasma/plasma$ +^stream/stream$ +^;/;$ +^this/this$ +^is/be$ +^how/how$ +^the/the$ +^fusion/fusion$ +^reactor/reactor$ +^generates/generate$ +^usable/usable$ +^energy/energy$ +^./.$ + +^The/the$ +^inside/inside$ +^wall/wall$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^tokamak/*tokamak$ +^must/must$ +^be/be$ +^cooled/cool$ +^because/because$ +^these/this$ +^neutrons/neutron$ +^yield/yield$ +^enough/enough$ +^energy/energy$ +^to/to$ +^melt/melt$ +^the/the$ +^walls/wall$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^reactor/reactor$ +^./.$ + +^A/a$ +^cryogenic/cryogenic$ +^system/system$ +^is/be$ +^used/use$ +^to/to$ +^prevent/prevent$ +^heat/heat$ +^loss/loss$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^superconducting/superconducting$ +^magnets/magnet$ +^./.$ + +^Mostly/mostly$ +^liquid/liquid$ +^helium/helium$ +^and/and$ +^liquid/liquid$ +^nitrogen/nitrogen$ +^are/be$ +^used/use$ +^as/as$ +^refrigerants/*refrigerants$ +^./.$ + +^Ceramic/ceramic$ +^plates/plate$ +^specifically/specifically$ +^designed/design$ +^to/to$ +^withstand/*withstand$ +^high/high$ +^temperatures/temperature$ +^are/be$ +^also/also$ +^placed/place$ +^on/on$ +^the/the$ +^inside/inside$ +^reactor/reactor$ +^wall/wall$ +^to/to$ +^protect/protect$ +^the/the$ +^magnets/magnet$ +^and/and$ +^reactor/reactor$ +^./.$ Index: languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/vietnam1.consensus.txt =================================================================== --- languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/vietnam1.consensus.txt (nonexistent) +++ languages/apertium-eng/texts/consensus/vietnam1.consensus.txt (revision 80623) @@ -0,0 +1,841 @@ +^In/In$ +^1941/1941$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Viet/*Viet$ +^Minh/*Minh$ +^–/–$ +^a/a$ +^communist/communist$ +^and/and$ +^nationalist/nationalist$ +^liberation/*liberation$ +^movement/movement$ +^–/–$ +^emerged/emerge$ +^under/under$ +^the/the$ +^Marxist/marxist$ +^-/-$ +^Leninist/*Leninist$ +^revolutionary/revolutionary$ +^Ho/*Ho$ +^Chi/*Chi$ +^Minh/*Minh$ +^,/,$ +^who/who$ +^sought/seek$ +^independence/independence$ +^for/for$ +^Vietnam/Vietnam$ +^from/from$ +^France/France$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^end/end$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Japanese/japanese$ +^occupation/occupation$ +^./.$ + +^Following/Follow$ +^the/the$ +^military/military$ +^defeat/defeat$ +^of/of$ +^Japan/Japan$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^fall/fall$ +^of/of$ +^its/its$ +^puppet/puppet$ +^Empire/Empire$ +^of/of$ +^Vietnam/Vietnam$ +^in/in$ +^August/August$ +^1945/1945$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Viet/*Viet$ +^Minh/*Minh$ +^occupied/occupy$ +^Hanoi/Hanoi$ +^and/and$ +^proclaimed/proclaim$ +^a/a$ +^provisional/provisional$ +^government/government$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^asserted/assert$ +^national/national$ +^independence/independence$ +^on/on$ +^2/2$ +^September/September$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^the same/the same$ +^year/year$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Provisional/Provisional$ +^French/french$ +^Republic/Republic$ +^sent/send$ +^the/the$ +^French/french$ +^Far/Far$ +^East/East$ +^Expeditionary/*Expeditionary$ +^Corps/Corps$ +^to/to$ +^restore/restore$ +^colonial/colonial$ +^rule/rule$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^the/the$ +^Viet/*Viet$ +^Minh/*Minh$ +^began/begin$ +^a/a$ +^guerrilla/guerrilla$ +^campaign/campaign$ +^against/against$ +^the/the$ +^French/French$ +^in/in$ +^late/late$ +^1946/1946$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^resulting/resulting$ +^First/First$ +^Indochina/*Indochina$ +^War/War$ +^lasted/last$ +^until/until$ +^July/July$ +^1954/1954$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^defeat/defeat$ +^of/of$ +^French/french$ +^and/and$ +^Vietnamese/vietnamese$ +^loyalists/*loyalists$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^1954/1954$ +^Battle/Battle$ +^of/of$ +^Dien/*Dien$ +^Bien/*Bien$ +^Phu/*Phu$ +^allowed/allow$ +^Ho/*Ho$ +^Chi/*Chi$ +^Minh/*Minh$ +^to/to$ +^negotiate/negotiate$ +^a/a$ +^ceasefire/ceasefire$ +^from/from$ +^a/a$ +^favorable/favourable$ +^position/position$ +^at/at$ +^the/the$ +^subsequent/subsequent$ +^Geneva/Geneva$ +^Conference/Conference$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^colonial/colonial$ +^administration/administration$ +^was/be$ +^ended/end$ +^and/and$ +^French/french$ +^Indochina/*Indochina$ +^was/be$ +^dissolved/dissolve$ +^under/under$ +^the/the$ +^Geneva/Geneva$ +^Accords/Accord$ +^of/of$ +^1954/1954$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^separated/separate$ +^the/the$ +^loyalist/*loyalist$ +^forces/force$ +^from/from$ +^the/the$ +^communists/communist$ +^at/at$ +^the/the$ +^17th/17$ +^parallel/parallel$ +^north/north$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^Vietnamese/vietnamese$ +^Demilitarised/*Demilitarised$ +^Zone/Zone$ +^./.$ + +^Two/Two$ +^states/state$ +^formed/form$ +^after/after$ +^the/the$ +^partition/partition$ +^–/–$ +^Ho/*Ho$ +^Chi/*Chi$ +^Minh/*Minh$ +^'s/'s$ +^Democratic/Democratic$ +^Republic/Republic$ +^of/of$ +^Vietnam/Vietnam$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^north/north$ +^and/and$ +^Emperor/Emperor$ +^Bảo/*Bảo$ +^Ðại/*Ðại$ +^'s/'s$ +^State/State$ +^of/of$ +^Vietnam/Vietnam$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^south/south$ +^./.$ + +^A/A$ +^300/300$ +^-/-$ +^day/day$ +^period/period$ +^of/of$ +^free/free$ +^movement/movement$ +^was/be$ +^permitted/*permitted$ +^,/,$ +^during/during$ +^which/which$ +^almost/almost$ +^a million/a million$ +^northerners/northerner$ +^,/,$ +^mainly/mainly$ +^Catholics/Catholic$ +^,/,$ +^moved/move$ +^south/south$ +^,/,$ +^fearing/fear$ +^persecution/persecution$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^communists/communist$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^partition/partition$ +^of/of$ +^Vietnam/Vietnam$ +^was/be$ +^not/not$ +^intended/intend$ +^to/to$ +^be/be$ +^permanent/permanent$ +^by/by$ +^the/the$ +^Geneva/Geneva$ +^Accords/Accord$ +^,/,$ +^which/which$ +^stipulated/stipulate$ +^that/that$ +^Vietnam/Vietnam$ +^would/would$ +^be/be$ +^reunited/reunite$ +^after/after$ +^elections/election$ +^in/in$ +^1956/1956$ +^./.$ + +^However/However$ +^,/,$ +^in/in$ +^1955/1955$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^State/State$ +^of/of$ +^Vietnam/Vietnam$ +^'s/'s$ +^Prime Minister/Prime minister$ +^,/,$ +^Ngo/*Ngo$ +^Dinh/*Dinh$ +^Diem/*Diem$ +^,/,$ +^toppled/*toppled$ +^Bảo/*Bảo$ +^Ðại/*Ðại$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^fraudulent/fraudulent$ +^referendum/referendum$ +^organised/organise$ +^by/by$ +^his/his$ +^brother/brother$ +^Ngo/*Ngo$ +^Dinh/*Dinh$ +^Nhu/*Nhu$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^proclaimed/proclaim$ +^himself/himself$ +^president/president$ +^of/of$ +^the/the$ +^Republic/Republic$ +^of/of$ +^Vietnam/Vietnam$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^pro/*pro$ +^-/-$ +^Hanoi/Hanoi$ +^Viet/*Viet$ +^Cong/*Cong$ +^began/begin$ +^a/a$ +^guerrilla/guerrilla$ +^campaign/campaign$ +^in/in$ +^the/the$ +^late/late$ +^1950s/1950s$ +^to/to$ +^overthrow/overthrow$ +^Diem/*Diem$ +^'s/'s$ +^government/government$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^the/the$ +^North/North$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^communist/communist$ +^government/government$ +^launched/launch$ +^a/a$ +^land/land$ +^reform/reform$ +^program/program$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^executed/execute$ +^between/between$ +^50,000/50,000$ +^and/and$ +^172,000/172,000$ +^people/person$ +^in/in$ +^campaigns/campaign$ +^against/against$ +^wealthy/wealthy$ +^farmers/farmer$ +^and/and$ +^landowners/*landowners$ +^,/,$ +^amid/amid$ +^broader/broad$ +^purges/purge$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^1960/1960$ +^and/and$ +^1962/1962$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^Union/Union$ +^and/and$ +^North/North$ +^Vietnam/Vietnam$ +^signed/sign$ +^treaties/treaty$ +^providing/provide$ +^for/for$ +^further/far$ +^Soviet/soviet$ +^military/military$ +^support/support$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^the/the$ +^South/South$ +^,/,$ +^Diem/*Diem$ +^went/go$ +^about/about$ +^crushing/crush$ +^political/political$ +^and/and$ +^religious/religious$ +^opposition/opposition$ +^,/,$ +^imprisoning/imprison$ +^or/or$ +^executing/execute$ +^tens/ten$ +^of/of$ +^thousands/thousand$ +^./.$ + +^In/In$ +^1963/1963$ +^,/,$ +^Buddhist/buddhist$ +^discontent/discontent$ +^with/with$ +^Diem/*Diem$ +^'s/'s$ +^regime/regime$ +^erupted/erupt$ +^into/into$ +^mass/mass$ +^demonstrations/demonstration$ +^,/,$ +^leading/lead$ +^to/to$ +^a/a$ +^violent/violent$ +^government/government$ +^crackdown/crackdown$ +^./.$ + +^This/This$ +^led/lead$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^collapse/collapse$ +^of/of$ +^Diem/*Diem$ +^'s/'s$ +^relationship/relationship$ +^with/with$ +^the/the$ +^United States/United States$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^ultimately/ultimately$ +^to/to$ +^the/the$ +^1963/1963$ +^coup/coup$ +^in/in$ +^which/which$ +^Diệm/*Diệm$ +^and/and$ +^Nhu/*Nhu$ +^were/be$ +^assassinated/assassinate$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^Diem/*Diem$ +^era/era$ +^was/be$ +^followed/follow$ +^by/by$ +^more than/more than$ +^a/a$ +^dozen/dozen$ +^successive/successive$ +^military/military$ +^governments/government$ +^,/,$ +^before/before$ +^the/the$ +^pairing/pairing$ +^of/of$ +^Air/Air$ +^Marshal/Marshal$ +^Nguyen/*Nguyen$ +^Cao/*Cao$ +^Ky/*Ky$ +^and/and$ +^General/General$ +^Nguyễn/*Nguyễn$ +^Văn/*Văn$ +^Thiệu/*Thiệu$ +^took/take$ +^control/control$ +^in/in$ +^mid/*mid$ +^-/-$ +^1965/1965$ +^./.$ + +^Thieu/*Thieu$ +^gradually/gradually$ +^outmaneuvered/*outmaneuvered$ +^Ky/*Ky$ +^and/and$ +^cemented/*cemented$ +^his/his$ +^grip/grip$ +^on/on$ +^power/power$ +^in/in$ +^fraudulent/fraudulent$ +^elections/election$ +^in/in$ +^1967/1967$ +^and/and$ +^1971/1971$ +^./.$ + +^Under/Under$ +^this/this$ +^political/political$ +^instability/*instability$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^communists/communist$ +^began/begin$ +^to/to$ +^gain/gain$ +^ground/ground$ +^./.$ + +^To/To$ +^support/support$ +^South/South$ +^Vietnam/Vietnam$ +^'s/'s$ +^struggle/struggle$ +^against/against$ +^the/the$ +^communist/communist$ +^insurgency/*insurgency$ +^,/,$ +^the/the$ +^United States/United States$ +^began/begin$ +^increasing/increase$ +^its/its$ +^contribution/contribution$ +^of/of$ +^military/military$ +^advisers/adviser$ +^,/,$ +^using/use$ +^the/the$ +^1964/1964$ +^Tonkin/*Tonkin$ +^Gulf/Gulf$ +^incident/incident$ +^as a/as a$ +^pretext/pretext$ +^for/for$ +^such/such$ +^intervention/intervention$ +^./.$ + +^US/US$ +^forces/force$ +^became/become$ +^involved/involve$ +^in/in$ +^ground/ground$ +^combat/combat$ +^operations/operation$ +^in/in$ +^1965/1965$ +^,/,$ +^and/and$ +^at/at$ +^their/their$ +^peak/peak$ +^they/prpers$ +^numbered/number$ +^more than/more than$ +^500,000/500,000$ +^./.$ + +^The/The$ +^US/US$ +^also/also$ +^engaged/engage$ +^in/in$ +^a/a$ +^sustained/sustain$ +^aerial/aerial$ +^bombing/bomb$ +^campaign/campaign$ +^./.$ + +^Meanwhile/Meanwhile$ +^,/,$ 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