commit 681ea764d7c7816fe907ab407d8fe74d318030b0 Author: sharapat Date: Wed May 29 01:15:08 2019 +0500 added words from shagalalab database diff --git a/tests/vocabulary/shagalalablist.csv b/tests/vocabulary/shagalalablist.csv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..117a8a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/tests/vocabulary/shagalalablist.csv @@ -0,0 +1,7591 @@ +abadanlıq n. organization of public services and amenities, well-being; well-fare. +abajur n. lamp-shade. +abay n. threat, menace. +abaylap adv. carefully, with care, cautiously. +abaylaw v. take care (of); spare, hand with care; abaylap isletiw to use with care. +abat a. 1) comfortable; equipped with modern conveniences; ~ qala well-built (modern) town, city, 2) crowded, populous; ~ etiw to wellbuild. +aberraciya n. kos. aberration. +abzal a. preferable; ~ biliw, ~ kóriw to prefer (to). +abzallıq n. superiority. +abzac n. 1) indentation, indention; ~tan indented; ~tan baslaw to indent a line; to begin a new line (paragraph); 2) paragraph. +abiturient n. applicant. +abonement n. 1) subscription (to, for); 2) season ticket (teatr hám t.b.larda). +abonent n. subscriber; telephone subscriber; newspaper-subscriber. +abroy n. authority; respect; esteem; honour; ~ın túsiriw to discredit; ~ı bolıw to have authority (over, with), to carry authority (with); to have prestige (with); ~ alıw to gain (to win) authority (prestige); bul onı ~ǵa jetistirdi this earned (won) him immense prestige. +abroylı a. 1) glorious, famous; 2) respectful, respectable; 3) respected, honourable, authoritative, competent. +absolyut 1. n. (the) absolute; 2. a. absolute. +abstrakciya n. abstraction. +abıroy q. abroy. +abırjıw v. bustle +avangard n. advance-guard, vanguard, van; ~lıǵında in the van (guard). +avangardlıq a. van, guard; ~ rol leading role; ~ háreket advanced-guard action. +avans n. advance; payment on account; ~ túrinde alıw to get in advance; ~ retinde tólew to pay in advance; ~ beriw to make advance, to make overtures (to). +avariya n. 1) wreck (keme); av. crash; accident, mishap (baxıtsız jaǵday); damage; breakdown (mashina); keme ~sı shipwreck; teńiz ~sı accident at sea; ~ǵa ushıraw to meet with an accident; to meet with a mishap; crash (samolyotta); to be wrecked; to be damaged (zıyanlanıw); 2) average (zálel). +avgust n. 1. August; ~ ayında in August; usı jılı ~ta in August; ótken jılı ~ta last August; kelesi jılı ~ta next August; 2. a. ~ kúni August day, day in August; ~ miywesi August fruit(s). +aviabaza n. air-base. +aviabomba n. aircraft bomb. +aviakonstruktor n. aircraft designer. +avialiniya n. air-line, air-route, airway. +aviamayak n. air beacon. +aviamodelizm n. aircraft modeling. +aviamodelist n. aircraft model constructor. +aviamodel n. aircraft model. +aviapochta n. air post; air mail. +aviator n. aviator, airman, pilot; airwoman, woman pilot. +aviaciya n. aviation, aircraft; air force; grajdanlıq ~ civil aviation; transportlıq ~ transport aircraft; awıl xojalıq ~sı agricultural aviation; bombalawshı ~ bombing aircraft, bombardment aviation (amer.); áskeriy ~ army-cooperation aircraft; qırıwshı ~ fighting aircraft, pursuit aviation (amer.); razvedka ~sı reconnaissance aircraft, reconnaissance aviation (amer.) hújimshi ~ lowflying attack aircraft, attack aviation (amer.). +aviaciyalıq a. aviation, aircraft; ~ sanaat aircraft industry; ~ zavodı aircraft factory, aircraft works; ~ motorı (yamasa dvigateli) aircraft engine; ~ skladı aircraft depot; ~ mektebi flying school. +avstraliyalı n. Australian. +avstriyalı a. Austrian. +avtobaza n. motor depot. +avtobiografiya n. autobiography. +avtobus n. bus; motor bus; omnibus; autobus (amer.). +avtograf n. autograph. +avtografiyalıq a. auto-graphic(al). +avtozavod n. (motor) automobile plant; (motor) automobile works. +avtomat n. 1) automatic machine; ~ telefon automatic telephone (apparat); public callbox (budka); shot-machine; automaton (adam haqqında); bilet ~ı automatic ticket machine; 2) ásk. submachine gun, machine carbine (amer.); tommy gun. +avtomatika n. 1) automation; 2) automated mechanisms pl. +avtomatlastırıw v. automatize. +avtomatshı n. ásk. sub machine gunner. +avtomashina n. motor vehicle; (motor) lorry (júk); truck (amer.). +avtomobil n. 1. (motor) car; autocar; automobile (amer.); ~ zavodı automobile plant; avariyaǵa ushıraǵan ~ breakdown lorry, service truck, trouble car; júk ~i (motor-) lorry; truck (amer.); jabıq ~ saloon car, limousine; jeńil ~ (passenger) car; sanitarlıq ~ ambulance (car); ~de júriw (ketiw) to go by (motor-) car; 2. a. motor (-car) attr.; ~ zavodı motor works, automobile works; motor (automobile) plant; ~ sportı motoring; ~ transportı motor transport; ~ sanaatı motor-car industry; ~ balonı automobile tire (tyre); ~ gudogi (motor-) horn. +avtonomiya n. autonomy; self-government. +avtonomiyalı a. autonomous; Qaraqalpaq ~ respublikası Karakalpak Autonomous Republic; ~ oblast autonomous region. +avtopark n. fleet of motor vehicles. +avtopilot n. autopilot. +avtoportret n. self-portrait. +avtor n. author, authoress; writer (ádebiy shıǵarmanıń); composer (namanıń); begetter; usınıs rezolyuciyasıń ~ı mover. +avtoreferat n. synopsis of thesis (prepared by candidate). +avtoruchka n. fountain-pen. +agent n. 1) agent; factor; 2) fiz., xim. agent. +agentlik n. agency. +agentura n. 1) agents pl; ~ jumısı menen shuǵıllanıw to be an agent; 2) secret service. +agitator n. agitator, propagandist; canvasser. +agitacion a, agitational; propaganda. +agitaciya n. agitation, propaganda; saylaw aldı ~sı election campaign; ~ alıp barıw to carry on propaganda; to agitate (for, against). +agitaciyalaw v. 1) campaign (for, against); agitate (for, against); keep up an agitation (for, against); carry on propaganda (for, against); 2) persuade, gain over, win over. +agitbrigada n. propaganda corps; team of agitators, team of canvassers; propaganda team; electioneering brigade. +agitka n. piece of propaganda, propaganda play, agitation play; propaganda book, agitation book. +agitkollektiv n. team of agitators. +agitpunkt n. canvassing (campaigning) centre; propaganda station, agitation centre. +agrar a. 1. agrarian; ~ reforması agrarian crisis; 2. n. landed proprietor, landowner. +agregat n. 1) aggregate, aggregation; 2) tex. unit, assembly. +agressiv a. aggressive, belligerent; ~ siyasat aggressive policy; ~ plan aggressive designs. +agressivlik n. q. basqınshılıq. +agressiya n. aggression. +agressor n. aggressor. +agronom n. agriculturist, agronomist; ~ bolıp islew to work as an agronomist. +agronomiya n. agronomy, agriculture. +agronomiyalıq a. agricultural, agronomical; ~ punkt agricultural station, agronomical station. +agrotexnik n. agricultural technician, agrotechnician. +agrotexnika n. agrotechnics. +agrotexnikalıq a. agrotechnical. +agroximiya n. agricultural chemistry. +aǵa n. elder brother, eldest brother, senior brother; <> aǵam barda, arqam tamda (Maqal) put implicit faith in smb.; place implicit confidence in smb. +aǵayın n. q. aǵayin-tuwǵan. +aǵayın-tuwǵan n. 1) relative, relation, kinsman; 2) brother, sister, fellow. +aǵarıw v. be pale, become pale. +aǵash 1. n. tree, wood; 2. a. wooden, made of wood; ~ qasıq wooden spoon; ~ kópir wooden bridge; ~ kát plank bed, wooden bed; ~ jay peasant's house, cottage. +aǵashlıq n. grove. +aǵza n. 1) member; fellow; profsoyuz ~sı member of a trade union; parlament ~sı member of parliament; húrmetli ~sı honorary member; komitettiń ~sı bolıw to be on the committee; korrespondent ~sı Associate Member; 2) limb (dene). +aǵzalıq 1. a. membership (attr.); ~ bilet membership card; ~ vznos membership dues pl.; 2. n. membership. +aǵızıw v. 1) let pour, pour; 2) leak. +aǵım n. stream; current, flow. +aǵıs n. stream; flow; current, flood. +aǵıslı a. leaky; pouring. +aǵıw v. flow, run, pour. +adalat n. justice; ~ penen with justice. +adalatlı 1. a. just, fair; right; 2. adv. fairly. +adalatsız a. unjust, unfair. +adalaw v. (ada etiw) finish, to end. +adam n. man, human being, person; jay (ápiwayı) ~ ordinary man; tájiriybeli ~ man of experience; ~ tárizli a. anthropoid; ~ tárizli maymıl anthropoid ape; anthropomorphous; miymandos ~ hospitable person; ol júda miymandos ~ edi he kept on open house; ersi (qızıq) ~ crank, eccentric (man); oddity, queer fish; ol qanday qızıq ~! what a funny man he is!, what a funny woman she is!, eccentric woman; <>adamnıń sózine emes, qılıǵına qara (Naqıl) a honey tongue, a heart of gall; <>altın-otta, adam miynette biliner (Maqal) fire tries gold, misery tries brave man. +adamgershilik n. humanity, humaneness. +adamzat 1. n. mankind, human, human race; 2. a. humane, humanly (mainly adverb). +adamiyzat a. universal; worldwide. +adamxor a. cannibal (erteklerde). +adawat n. enmity, hostility. +adawatlı a. hostile. +advokat n. lawyer, barrister; attorney (amer.), advocate, solicitor; ~ bolıw to be called to the bar. +advokatura n. legal profession, the bar; ~ menen shuǵıllanıw to attend the bar, to be a practising barrister. +administrator n. administrator, business-manager (teatrda). +administrativ a. administrative. +administraciya n. administration (teatrdıń, miymanxananıń); management. +admiral n. admiral; flot ~ı Admiral of the Fleet; Admiral of the Navy (amer.). +adres n. address; ~ stolı address-bureau; ~ dápteri directory; ~ine jiberiw to address, to direct; turaqlı ~ permanent address; xattı ~ boyınsha alıp keliw to deliver a letter at the right address. +adresat n. addressee. +adresleniw v. be addressed, be directed. +adreslew v. address (to), direct (to). +adyutant n. aide-de-camp; aide (amer.). +adım n. step; stride (úlken); pace; ~nıń sesti tread; footsteps; teńdey ~ even stride. +adıraytıw v. kózdi ~ to open one's eyes wide; to stare, to goggle. +ajayıp I 1. a. amazing, astonishing, striking, wonderful, funny, quaint; strange; surprising; 2. adv. amazingly, wonderfully.
II a. fearful, terrible, dreadful. +ajayıplanıw v. be (go, get) surprised. +ajar n. sight. +ajarlı a. sight. +ajdarha n. dragon. +ajıralıw a. separate (from); disunited, lose; part. +ajıraspas a. inseparable, inalienable; ~ doslar inseparable friends; ~ bólegi inseparable part. +ajırasıw v. part (with), separate; divorce. +ajıratıw I v. disjoin, dismember, disunite; separate, select, isolate, disconnect, distinguish, divide.
II n. separation selection, emission, disconnection. +ajıralǵan a. 1. discrete; disconnected, separated; ajıralıp turatuǵın distinctive; 2. dissociable (jámiyetten). +az a. little (birlik sandaǵı sanalmaytuǵın atlıqtan aldın); few (kóplik sandaǵı sanalatuǵın atlıqtan aldın); ~ǵana waqıt little time; ~ǵana suw a little water; ~ adam few people. +aza n. mourning, lamentation, a lament; ~ tutıw to lament. +azada a. 1) clean, cleanly, tidy; 2) pure; ~ etiw v. to put in order (úydi); to clean. +azadalıq n. neatness; tidiness; cleanliness. +azayttırıw v. diminish; lessen. +azayıw v. diminish, lessen. +azamat a. brave , courageous, valiant; ~ jigit brave man (fellow). +azamatlıq n. bravery, courage. +azan 1. n. early morning; ~da at dawn; ~nan from dawn; azanǵı isti keshke qaldırma (Naqıl) an hour in the morning is worth two in the evening; 2. a. ~ǵı awqat breakfast; ~ǵı awqattı jew (awqatlanıw) to have breakfast; ~ awqatdan keyin after breakfast. +azap n. torture, suffering, torment pain; ~law to put to the torture; ~ beriw to torment; ashlıqtan ~ shegiw (tartıw) to starve, to suffer of starvation. +azaplanıw v. suffer, to be tortured. +azaplaw v. torture, put to the torture. +azaplawshı n. torturer. +azar n. offence; ~ beriw to offend, to distress, to hurt; ~ tartıw to take offence, to be offended, to feel hurt. +azat a. free; ~ bolıw to free oneself; to get free; ~ qılıw, ~ etiw to get free, to release, to liberate (from), excuse (from); disengaged. +azatlıq n. freedom; liberty; release; liberation; milliy ~ háreketi national liberation movement; ~ súyer freedom loving. +azǵın a. 1) thin, lean; meagre; <> shóptey ~ as lean as a rake; 2) poor; shabby. +azǵırıw v. discourage. +azdırıw v. exhaust, exhaust someone; tire out; make feeble; make thin, to thin. +aziyalı n. a. Asian, Asiatic. +azmaz a. a little, a few, some, not much, not many. +azna n. (kemede) side; oń ~ starboard side; shep ~ port side. +azot n. xim. nitrogen; ~ okisi nitric oxide. +azshılıq n. minority. +azıq n. food; foodstuffs pl; ásk. rations pl.; supply of provisions. +azıq-awqat 1. n. 1) product, produce; awıl xojalıq ~ı farm produce sg.; mal sharwashılıq ~ı animal products; sanaat ~ı fruits of production; 2) food-stuffs; food products, dairy produce sg. (sút-qatıq); 2. a. ~ magazini grocery (store); provision store, food store (amer.); eatables; ~ sanaatı food industry; ~ koncentratı food concentrates; kosmos ~ı kos. space food; ~ ryukzagi provision kit. +azıqlandırıw v. feed (on), to give to eat. +azıqlanıw v. nourish; feed; support. +azıqlı a. nourishing; nutritious. +azıw I v. grow thin.
II n. ~ tis molar; <> shańǵalaqtı azıwı pútin shaǵadı (Maqal) a hard nut to crack. +ay n. 1) moon; taza ~ new moon; ~ tutılıw lunar eclipse of the moon; (~dıń ortası) pútin ~ full moon; 2) month (kalendarlı), usı ~ the current month; ótken ~ last month; kelesi ~ next month; yanvar ~ı (fevral ~ı) the month of January (February); kos. ~dıń dógeregi circumlunar; ~dıń sırtqı tárepi (jerden kórinbeytuǵın tárepi) distant side of the moon; ~dıń betindegi daq (jarıqlar hám oyıqlar) rills on the moon; ~ǵa qonıw lunar landing; ~dan ushıw lunar take off; <> aydıń on besi qarańǵı bolsa, on besi jaqtı (Maqal) after rain comes sunshine; every cloud has its silver lining. +aybat n. stateliness, majesty; <> ~ shegiw to swagger. +aybatlı a. stately, majestic. +ayǵabaǵar n. sunflower. +aydar n. topknot, tuft of hair. +aydarha n. q. ajdarha. +aydaw v. 1) drive; 2) expel; 3) plough (jer). +aydın a. ~ keshe moonlit night. +aydınlanıw v. be clear. +ayqın 1. a. inevitable; certain, indispensable, evident, obvious; 2. adv. obviously, apparently; ~ bolıw to become evident. +ayqınlıq n. evidence. +ayqulash n. round dance; ~ oynaw to sing and dance in a ring. +aylana 1. n. 1) circumference; circle; 2) environs pl.; 3) environment, neighbourhood; 2. a. environing, neighbouring; 3. adv. round, around, about; ~ǵa qaraw to look around; dúnyanıń ~sı round the world. +aylanba a. changeable, unsteady. +aylanbalı a. hairspring; spiral; ~ basqısh winding staircase, spiral staircase. +aylandırıw v. 1) roll up; jeńinen uslap ~ to roll up one's sleeves; to swing (around); 2) change, transform, reform, reorganize; 3) turn; (awdarıw) betti ~ to turn the page. +aylanısıw v. (iske) be too busy, lose one's head. +aylanıw v. 1) turn (round), revolve (round); rotate; (tez) spin; bir nárseniń dógereginde ~ centre around smth.; óz kósheri atırapında ~ to revolve on its axis; 2) (tıpırshıqlap) ~ fidget; 3) hand about (around), hover about; 4) run (on); gáp bir máseleniń dógereginde ~ (bolıw) the conversation runs (turns) on the same subject; 5) roll up. +aylıq 1. a. monthly; 2. n. salary, rate of pay, basic wage. +ayna n. 1) window; 2) mirror, looking glass; 3) glass; ~ salıw to glaze. +aynalı a. ~ shkaf mirror wardrobe (cupboard). +aynashı n. glazier. +aynalıs n. 1) revolving, rotation; jerdiń kún dógereginde ~ı the Earth's revolution round the sun; 2) qan ~ı anat. circulation of the blood. +aynıtıw I v. dissuade (from).
II v. discourage. +aynıw v. 1) become worst; 2) go bad (tamaq haqqında); become corrupt; 3) decay (tis haqqında); rot; onıń peyli aynıp turıptı he is losing his good spirits; he is upset. +ayralıq n. parting, separation. +ayran n. skim-sour milk. +ayrıqsha 1. a. separate, special, particular; ~ itibar beriw to pay special attention; 2. adv. especially, particularly; ol ~ keshqurın bánt boladı he is especially busy in the evenings. +ayrıqshalıq n. exception; ~ qılǵanda with the exception (of), except. +aytpaqshı adv. by the way. +aytılıs n. pronunciation. +aytısıw v. argue (with), abuse. +aytıw v. 1) say (to); 2) tell (about); 3) speak (to, with); 4) talk (to, about); rasın ~ to tell (speak) the truth; jalǵan ~ to tell a lie (lies), to deceive; saǵan aytıp atırman I'm speaking to you; 5) toyǵa ~ to invite to the wedding day (party); 6) pronounce, utter (amer.). +aywan n. porch terrace; verandah (amer.). +ayıp a. guilt, fault, blame; ayıbın juwıw (ayıbına iqrar bolıw) to admit (yamasa) acknowledge one's guilt; birewdi ~law to blame smb.; ~tı birewge jawıw to lay the blame on someone; ~tı óz ústine alıw to bear the blame, to take the blame up (on) oneself, to shoulder the blame. +ayıpdar n. q. ayıpker. +ayıpker n. 1) guilty, culprit; cause; 2) yur. accused, defendant. +ayıplaw I v. accuse, cause, blame.
II n. accusation. +ayıplawshı n. 1) accuser; 2) yur. prosecutor; 3) jámáátlıq ~sı public prosecutor. +ayıplı a. 1) guilty; 2) yur. defendent. +ayıpsız a. faultless, guiltless; ~ ayıpdarlar guilty though guiltless. +ayırma n. difference, distinction. +ayırılıs n. separation, parting. +ayırılısıw v. part (with). +ayırılıw v. separate, be disjoined. +ayırım a. 1) separate; ~ kisiler individuals; 2) special; ~ waqıtta sometimes, rarely, in special cases. +ayırıw v. 1) isolate; 2) take away; 3) differ (from). +akademik n. academician. +akademiya n. academy; ilimler ~sı Academy of sciences; xudojestvolıq ~sı Academy of Arts; áskeriy ~sı Military College; áskeriy hawa ~sı Air Force College; áskeriy-medicina ~sı Army Medical College; áskeriy-teńiz ~sı Naval College; awıl xojalıq ~sı Academy of Agricultural Sciences. +akademiyalıq a. 1) academic; 2) academical. +akaciya n. acacia. +akkordeon n. muz. accordion. +akkreditiv n. letter of credit. +akkumulyator n. accumulator. +akkustikalıq a. acoustic. +akustika n. acoustics. +akrobat n. acrobat. +akrobatikalıq a. acrobatic. +akrobatika n. acrobatics. +akselerograf n. kos. (tezlikti jazıwshı) accelerograph. +akt n. 1) statement; ~ dúziw to draw up a statement (of the case); to draw up a report; 2) act (teatrda); 3) yur. deed; ayıplaw ~ı (bill of) indictment; 4) speech day; commencement (amer.) (oqıw ornında). +aktyor n. actor; player; komediyalıq ~ comic actor; tragediyalıq ~ tragic actor, tragedian; jay roldiń ~ı utility, utility-man. +aktyorlıq n. actor's skill, actor's mastership, actor's profession. +aktiv 1. a. active; ~ qatnasıw to take an active part (in); ~ qorǵanıw ásk. active (aggressive) defense; ~ balans favourable balance; ~ saylaw huqıqı suffrage, the vote; 2. n. the most active members; partiya ~i the most active members of the party organization. +aktivlik n. activity; massanıń siyasıy ~gi political activity of the masses. +aktivist n. active worker, activist. +aktivlestiriw v. make more active. +aktual a. actual; present day; ~ jaǵday presently conditions; urgent, timely; ~ másele urgent problem (issue), problem of today. +akula n. shark; dogfish (mayda). +akusher n. accoucheur; ~ hayal midwife, accoucheuse (fr.); obstetrician. +akusherlik 1. n. midwifery, obstetrics; 2. a. obstetric(al); ~ kurs obstetrics classes, midwifery classes. +akcent n. accent; ~ penen sóylew to speak with an accent. +aq 1. a. white; ~ nan white bread; ~ terek white poplar; ~ kewil generous, magnanimous; ~ vino white wine; 2. n. shaxm. the white; <> ~ súyek blue blood; ~ ayıw Polar bear; ~ úy the White House; ~ shashlı grey-haired, white-headed. +aqquw n. zool. swan. +aqlaw v. whitewash (jaydı). +aqlawshı I n. whitewashes.
II n. yur. solicitor. +aqlıq n. grandson, grandchild, granddaughter; ~ shawlıqlar great-grandson, greatgrand daughter. +aqmaq a. fool, blockhead, dolt. +aqmaqlıq n. foolishness, folly; ~ etiw to play the fool. +aqsaq a. 1. lame, limping; ol oń (sol) ayaǵınan ~ he is lame in (of) his right (left) leg; ~ ayaq lame leg; 2. n. lame man; lame boy; lame woman; lame girl; the lame. +aqsaw v. (aqsańlaw) 1) limp; hobble; oń ayaǵınan ~ to be lame in the right leg; eki ayaǵınan ~ to be lame in both legs; 2) be poor, leave much to be desired, be far from perfect, not to be up to standard. +aqsha n. money sg.; iri ~ big bank-notes; ~ reforması currency reform; tiyin ~ copper, copper coins (pl.); copper coin; ~sız oynaw (karta) to play for love. +aqshalay a. money; pecuniary; ~ ótkiziw money order; postal order; ~ járdem pecuniary aid. +aqsham n. twilight. +aqıbet a. q. nátiyje. +aqıl 1. n. mind, wit, intellect; ~dan azıw to go mad, to go off one's head; <> ashıw aldın, aqıl keyin keledi (Naqıl) wise after the event; 2. a. mental, intellectual; ~ miyneti mental work, brainwork. +aqıllı a. clever, wise, skillful, expert; <> aqıllı jigit belgisi, azǵana sózden kóp ańlar (Maqal) a word to the wise is enough. +aqıllılıq n. quick wittedness, cleverness. +aqılsız a. foolish, stupid, silly. +aqır I n. end, finish; usı aydıń ~ında at the end of this month.
II adv. v. 1) at last, finally; 2) after all. +aqırǵı a. last, final; finishing, completing, closing; ~ esap el. final settlement; sport jarısınan ~ ushırasıwlar sports finals. +aqırın adv. slowly, fast. +aqırında adv. at last; finally; after all. +ala a. variegated; gay (boyaw haqqında); mixed, striped. +alabuǵa n. bass. +alaǵada 1. a. absentminded; ~ kóz qaras vacant glance, wandering glance; ~ turmıs dissipated life; 2. adv. absently; absentmindedly; ~ bolıw to look absently; to disperse, to dispel, to dissipate. +alaǵadalıq n. absentmindedness, distraction. +alaǵarǵa n. zool. crow. +alaqan n. 1) palm; <> ~daǵıday ayqın kóriniw to be spread the eyes; 2) handful. +alaqlaw v. be delirious (dıqqat); look absently. +alaman a. crowd; throng; multitude. +alap n. valley (oypatlıq). +alashubar a. striped. +alaw n. flame; fire; blaze; ~lanıp janıw to burst out, to blaze out. +alawlı a. with fire, fired; firing. +alawızlıq n. discord. +alban n. Albanian; ~ tili Albanian, the Albanian language. +albaslı n. devil. +algebra n. algebra. +alǵa adv. forward; ~ qaray (taman) foreground. +alǵı ~ sóz n. introduction; foreword; preface. +alǵıs n. gratitude, thanks; ~ aytıw to thank, to express gratitude. +aldı n., a., adv. 1) (orındı anıqlawda) before; in front of; ol esiktiń ~nda turdı he stopped before the door (in front of the door); stul stoldıń ~nda tur the chair stands before (in front of) the table; bul sózdiń ~nda útir joq there is no comma before this word; ~mızda úlken wazıypa tur there is a great task before us; sudtıń ~na barıw to appear before the court; 2) (waqıttı ańlatqanda) before; awqattan ~n before dinner; sabaq baslanbastan ~n before the beginning of the lessons; awqattan ~n dári ishiw to take medicine before one's food; úyden shıqpastan ~n before going out (of the house); 3) to; (as) compared to (qaraǵanda, salıstırǵanda degen mánide); ol onıń ~nda keshirim soradı; he apologized to her; ol nızam ~nda juwap beredi he is answerable to the law; olar onıń ~nda hesh-nárse (hesh-kim) emes they are nothing compared to him; meniń ~mda in my presence; ~nan close (to); ~n alıw to warn; ~n tosıw to prevent (from); 4) eve; ~nda on the eve; taza jıl ~ New Year's Eve. +aldaǵı n. excellent pupil, honours pupil. +aldaǵısh n. q. aldawshı. +aldaw v. lie, deceive, cheat; shermende etip ~ to lie in one's throat. +aldawshı n. deceiver, lier. +aldın adv. first; at first, before; awqattan ~ before the meal. +aldınan adv. (aldın-ala) beforehand; ~ tólep qoyıw to pay in advance; ~ kóriw to foresee; ~ aytıp beriw to foretell, to predict; (hawa rayın aytıw) to forecast. +aldında 1. adv. ahead, in front; 2. prep. in front of, before; ahead of. +aldıńǵı a. 1) front; first; 2) advanced; ~ sapar last time. +aldırıw v. shash, saqal ~ to shave; suwret ~ to photograph; to have one's photo taken; to take snab. +aleykim-u-salam awız. how do you do! (azanda - good morning!); (kúndiz - good afternoon!); (keshqurın - good evening!). +al endi adv. well; ~ ne (qanday) gáp? well, what is the matter? +aljasıq n. mistake, mistaking, making a mistake. +aljasıw v. lose one's way, lose one's path; get lost, go astray; mistake, make a mistake; esaptan ~ to mistake, to make a mistake. +aljir n. a. Algerian; ~lılar the Algerians; ~ lı hayal Algerian woman (lady). +alqım n. throat; ~ǵa shekem up to the neck. +alleya n. alley; avenue; vista. +alma n. 1) apple (miywesi); 2) apple-tree (daraq). +almas n. diamond. +almastırıw v. 1) exchange; 2) alternate (with.). +almasıq n. gram. pronoun; betlew almasıǵı personal pronoun; ózlik almasıǵı reflexive pronoun; siltew almasıǵı demonstrative pronoun; iyelik almasıǵı possessive pronoun; soraw almasıǵı interrogative pronoun. +almasılıw n. exchange. +almasıw I v. 1) change; pikir ~ (alısıw) to change one's opinion; orın (jay) ~ to exchange seats; 2) alternate, take turns.
II n. alternation, interchange; seslerdiń ~ı lingv. sound interchange; dawıslı seslerdiń ~ı lingv. vowel gradation; dawıssız seslerdiń ~ ı lingv. interchange of consonants. +almurt n. 1) (miywesi) pear; 2) (aǵashı) pear-tree; <> ~tay rear-shaped. +alpıs num. card. sixty; ~ bir sixty one; ~ birinshi sixty-first; ~ jıl about sixty years; ~ jas about sixty; ~ jıl burın about sixty years ago; ol ~ jasta he is (looks) about sixty; ol ~ jaslar shamasında he is nearly sixty, he is about sixty, he is over sixty, he is in his sixties; ~ jasar adam a man of (about) sixty; ~ kilometrdey sixty kilometres (from). +alpısınshı num. ord. sixtieth. +altı num. card. six; ~ múyesh e. hexagonal; ~ múyeshli a. hexagonal; on ~ sixteen; ~dan biri one sixth; ~ júz six hundred; ~ aylıq six month; ol ~ jasına kirdi he is in his sixth year. +altın 1. n. gold; sap ~ pure gold; 2. a. gold-, golden; <> jıltıraǵannıń bári altın emes (Maqal) all that glitters is not gold(en); altınnıń qolda barda qádiri joq (Maqal) we know not what good is till we have lost it. +altınkúkúrt n. xim. sulphur. +altınshı num. ord sixth; ~ klass the sixth form (class); ~ yanvar (fevral) the sixth of January (February), January (February) the sixth; ~ bet, bólim page, chapter six; ~ nomer number six. +alsha n. 1) cherry (miywesi); 2) cherry tree (aǵashı). +alfavit n. alphabet; ~ tártibinde in alphabetical order. +alım n. scientist, scholar, a learned man (person), savant (franc.); İlimge miyneti singen (ǵayretker) ~ Honoured Scientist. +alımlıq n. scholarship. +alınıw basıp ~ to be captured; jazıp ~ to be recorded on tape. +alıp-satar a. speculator, profiteer (by). +alıp-satarlıq n. speculation. +alıs a. q. uzaq. +alıslaw v. 1) move away (from); 2) stay too long. +alısıw v. pikir ~ to exchange opinions, +alıw v. 1) take; qarız ~ to borrow; minnetleme ~ to pledge oneself (to); órnek ~ to follow smb.'s example; ózin qolǵa ~ to take oneself in hand, to put oneself together; sóz ~ to have (yamasa to take) the floor; sózin qaytarıp ~ to withdraw one's words; ósh ~ to revenge oneself (upon); 2) jazıp ~ to write; to make up (with); jetip ~ to catch up (with); jıyıp ~ to hand (in); to collect; tawıp ~ to find; orap ~ to surround; <> almaqtıń bermegi bar (Naqıl) after dinner comes the reckoning. +alıwshı n. receiver. +albom n. album; súwret ushın ~ sketch-book; marka ushın ~ stamp album. +almanax n. 1) anthology, literary miscellany (ádebiy saylandı). +alternativ n. alternative; ~ soraw alternative question. +alyuminiy n. xim. aluminium. +aman ~sızba? how are you?; are you well? +amanat a. 1) ~ kassa savings-bank; 2) temporary(-ly); 3) old, dilapidated, ramshackled; ~ bende n. hostage. +amanatshı n. depositor, ambar n. pantry; store-room; storehouse; warehouse (tovar ushın); dipot; granary. +ambarshı n. storekeeper. +ambulatoriya 1. n. dispensary; outpatients' clinic, outpatients' department. +amerikalıq n. American; ~ hayal American woman; awz. Yankee, Yank (amer.). +amerikanizm n. lingv. Americanism. +amerikansha a. American; <> ~ qulıp Jale lock. +amir n. Emir. +ammiak n. xim. ammonia, ammonium hydrate. +amnistiya n. amnesty; free pardon; ~ járiyalaw to announce (to grant) an amnesty; jalpı ~ general amnesty (pardon). +amper n. fiz. ampere; ~ saat ampere hour. +ampermetr n. fiz. amperemeter, ammeter. +amortizator n. tex. shock-absorber. +ana n. mother; tuwǵan ~ own mother; ógey ~ stepmother; qaharman ~ Mother-Heroine; ~ tili mother tongue; ~ watan native land. +analiz n. analysis; salıstırmalı ~ contrastive analysis; oqıw jumısınıń ~i educational analysis; istiń eń sońǵı nátijesiniń ~i end-point analysis; qáteniń (kemshiliktiń) ~i error analysis; faktlardıń (tásiriniń) ~i factor (-ial) analysis; grafik ~i graphic (al) analysis; kadrlar ~i item analysis; leksikalıq ~ lexical analysis; til (lingvistlik) ~ linguistic analysis; ádebiy miynetlerdiń ~i (ádebiy ~) literary analysis; qáteniń ~i mistake analysis; tarawma-taraw ~ nodal analysis; esap ~i numerical analysis; quantitative analysis; saylandı (tańlanǵan) ~ sampling analysis; semantikalıq ~ semantic analysis; gápti ~lew sentence analysis; izbe-izlik ~i sequential analysis; sóylewdiń ~i (sóylew stilin ~lew) speech analysis; statistika ~i statistic (al) analysis; strukturalıq ~ structural analysis; simvollıq ~ symbolic analysis; sintaksislik ~ syntactic(al) analysis; sistemlıq ~ kib. systems analysis; tekst (boyınsha) ~ textual analysis; sózdiń ~i word analysis; ~ qılıw to analyse. +analitikalıq 1. n. analyst; 2. a. analytical; ~ metod analytical method; ~ oqıw analytical reading. +analıq n. maternity; motherhood; ~ bawır mother love. +ananas n. 1) (miywe) pineapple; 2) (ósimlik) ananas. +anar n. pomegranate. +anarxizm n. anarchism. +anatomiya n. anatomy; adam ~sı human anatomy; haywan ~sı animal anatomy; ósimlik ~sı plant anatomy. +angina n. med. quinsy, tonsillitis. +anglichan n. Englishman; ~ tili the English language; ~ sha English, in English. +anda pron. demonstr. there, that, those. +anda-sanda adv. seldom, sometimes, rarely. +ansambl n. company, ensemble; qosıq hám ayaq oyın ~i song and dance company. +ant n. oath; ~ ishiw to swear, to promise on oath. +antenna n. aerial, antenna. +antiapeks n. astr. antiapex. +anoksiya n. med. anoxia. +anoksemiya n. med. anoxemia. +anomaliya n. kos. anomaly. +anoreksiya n. med. anorexia. +antidemokratiyalıq a. antidemocratic. +antiimperialistilik a. anti-imperialist. +antifashist a. anti-fascist. +antologiya n. anthology; ~dúziwshi anthologist. +antonim n. lingv. antonym. +antrakt n. entr'acte (fr.). +ansha adv. enough; rather; much, a great number. +anıq a. 1) evident, obvious; 2) clear, frank; 3) exact; accurate; ~ ilimler exact sciences; attan ~ as clean as day. +anıqlaw v. accurate, precise; define, exact, determine. +anıqlawısh n. attribute. +anıqlıq n. evidence. +ań I 1) consciousness; klasslıq ~ class-consciousness; massanıń klasslıq ~ın rawajlandırıw to develop the class-consciousness of the masses; <> ~ ushıw to lose consciousness; faint; swoon; ~ı eniw to recover (to regain) consciousness; 2) mind, brains pl.; wit, intellect.
II n. 1) game, gamebird, wildfowl; 2) (wild) beast; brute, beast. +ańǵar n. stream, river, irrigation, canal, anchor. +ańqıw v. smell, stink (sasıw). +ańlamawshılıq n. misunderstanding. +anlatıw v. mean, make somebody understand; bul neni ańlatadı? what does it mean? +ańlaw v. q. túsiniw. +ańlı a. conscious, class-conscious (siyasiy); ~ túrde consciously, deliberately; ~ adam man of great intellect; very clever man. +ańlılıq n. consciousness, delibrateness. +ańsat 1. a. easy; ~ jumıs easy (light, simple) work; it is easy; bunı islew ~ emes it is not an easy task (job) to do; 2. adv. easily, lightly, slightly; buǵan ol ~ ǵana jetisti it comes easy to him; ol bunı ~ ǵana isledi he did it with comparative ease; <> aytıw ~! it is easy to say; aytıw ańsat islew qıyın (Maqal) easier said than done. +ańsatlatıw v. make easy, facilitate (isti, júkti). +ańsat-ǵana adv. easily, without any difficulty. +ańsız a. unresponsible, unconscious. +ańsızlıq n. irresponsibility. +ań-tań n. astonishment, surprise; ~ qalıw to be astonished, to be surprised. +ańshı n. hunter; huntsman (pl. men), chaser; hayal ~ huntress . +ańshılıq n. hunting, chasing; ~ dorbası dame-bag, fowling bag. +apa n. (awz.) 1) mamma, mother, ma; apam my mother; ~m úyde my mother is at home; 2) sister, elder sister, eldest sister; ersheń ~ stepsister. +apaq-shapaq a. on good terms; ~ bolıw to be on good terms. +aparıw v. carry, conduct; májlisti ~ to preside over a meeting; gúres ~ to struggle. +apat n. calamity; tabiyiy ~ natural calamity. +apatshılıq n. ruin, devastation. +apattay a. much, many, a lot of, a great number. +ap-awır 1. a. heavy; 2. adv. heavily. +apelsin n. orange; ~ daraǵı orange-tree. +appaq a. very white, ivory white (the) whitest. +apostrof n. apostrophe. +apparat n. 1) apparatus (pl.-uses); foto ~ camera; 2) staff (shtat); <> mámleketlik ~ State machinery, machinery of the State; ilimiy ~ apparatus critics (scientific publications, literature, cited references). +apparatura n. apparatus (apparatlardıń, qurallardıń jıyındısı); kos. ushıwshı ~ beast; orbitalıq ushıwshı ~ orbital flight vehicle; qanatlı ushıwshı ~ winged vehicle; qanatsız ushıwshı ~ wingless vehicle; kosmosta ushıwshı júk ~sı space freight train; uzaqlıqtı ólshew ~sı distance measuring equipment; ~lardıń islew múddeti equipments life. +appendicit n. q. soqırishek. +aprel n. April; ~ ayında in April; usı jılı ~de in April; ótken jılı ~de last April; kelesi jılı ~de next April; <> birinshi ~ (aldaytuǵın kún) All Fools' Day, April Fools' Day. +aptap a. hot; sultry. +apteka n. q. dárixana. +ar n. shame; disgrace; ~ etiw to be ashamed (of); arı joq shameless. +ara n. 1) interval; tez ~da soon; jaqın ~da not far from; here; the other day; ~sında among; between; 2) space. +araz n. offence, injury, wrong; ~ etiw, ~ qılıw to take offence. +araq n. 1) alcohol; drink; 2) wine, vodka, gin, brandy. +aral n. geogr. island; yarım ~ peninsula. +aralas a. mixed, fused. +aralaspa n. mixture, medley. +aralastırıw v. mix. +aralasıw n. 1) interference, interfusion; 2) mixing. +aralıq n. distance, interval, space. +arab n. Arab; ~ tili the Arabic language. +arabsha a. Arabic; ~ sıypırlar Arabic numerals. +arasında adv. among; between; <> soqırlardıń ~ bir kózli padsha (Maqal) among the blind the one-eyed is king. +arba n. carriage, coach; cart, araba; kos. startda jumsalatuǵın qol ~ rocket dolly; <> bir ~ gáp a lot of talk. +arbakesh n. coachman, driver. +argentinalı n. Argentinean; ~ hayal Argentinean (woman). +arǵı adv. side, opposite side; kósheniń ~ betinde across the street. +arǵıkúni adv. the day after tomorrow. +ardaqlı a. beloved, dear. +arenda n. rent; ~ pulı rent; ~ǵa alıw to rent. +arendator n. renter. +arza n. application, petition; ~ beriw to hand (write) in an application. +arzan a. cheap. +arzanlaw v. fall in price; become cheaper, to cheapen. +arzanshılıq n. cheapness; low prices pl. +arzıw n. wish, dream; ~ qılıw to wish, to dream. +arifmetika n. arithmetic; ~ máselesi arithmetical sum; ~ oqıtıwshısı (muǵallimi) arithmeticia +arifmetikalıq a. arithmetic, arithmetical. +arifmometr n. arithmometer. +arqa n. 1) North; 2) back, the back side, the hind part. +arqayın a. complacent, placid; good-humoured, kindly; ~ yosh benign mood, complacent mood, good humour; <>onıń párwayı pán-seri (ol kútá ~) he does not care a fig; he could not care less. +arqayınlıq n. complacency, placidity, mildness of temper, good humour; ~qa beriliw (túsiw) to be lulled into complacency. +arqalı prep. through, over, across; via; radio ~ over the radio. +arqan n. rope; jińishke ~ cord; kir jayatuǵın ~ clothes-line. +arqanlaw v. tie, bind (to), fasten (to), tether (to); mal ~ to tether an animal. +arqaw n. tekst. weave. +arqıraw (aqırıw) n. roar; below. +arman ~ tur step aside; ~ berman quickly; hasty(ly); up and down; back and forth. +armannan adv. from afar, from far away. +armatura n. fixture. +armiya n. 1) army, forces (pl.); Sovet Armiyası the Soviet Army; Qızıl Armiya The Red Army; hárekettegi ~ Army in the Field, Field Forces (amer.); 2) (kópshilik) army, host; kóp millionlı ~ millions-strong army. +armyan a. Armenian; ~ tili the Armenian language. +armyanlı n. Armenian. +arpa n. barley. +arsız a. beastly, shameless, impudent, barefaced. +arsızlıq n. shamelessness, impudence. +art n. hind(er) part, back. +artqı a. hind; haywannıń ~ ayaqları the hind legs of an animal; arbanıń ~ degershikleri the hind wheels of a cart. +artezian ~ qudıǵı artesian well. +artel n. artel; awıl xojalıq arteli agricultural artel; kolkhoz, collective farm; ónermentshilik ~i small producers' artel. +arteriya n. anat. artery; suw qatnas ~sı waterway; uyqı ~sı carotid (artery). +artillerist n. artillery-man, gunner. +artilleriya n. artillery; atlı ~ (at penen júretuǵın) ~ horse-drawn artillery; mexanikalıq ~ mechanized artillery; ózi júretuǵın ~ selfpropelled artillery; traktor menen alıp júretuǵın ~ tractor-drawn artillery; shetki (jaǵadaǵı) ~ coast artillery; taw ~sı mountain artillery; dala ~sı field artillery; uzaqqa atatuǵın ~ long-range artillery (ordnance); zenit ~sı antiaircraft artillery; jeńil ~ light artillery; awır ~ heavy artillery; tankige qarsı atatuǵın ~ anti-tank artillery; jaqınǵa atatuǵın ~ medium artillery. +artist n. artist, actor; xalıq ~i People's artist; xızmet kórsetken ~ Honoured Artist; kino ~i film (screen) actor; film-star; balet ~i ballet-dancer; drama ~i actor; opera ~i opera singer. +artistka n. actress; kino ~sı film actress, film star. +arttırma a. ~ dárejesi superlative degree. +arttırıw v. save up, collect, increase. +artına adv. backwards (háreket haqqında); artın aldına qaratıp back to front. +artıq a. 1) surplus; excess; ~ salmaq overweight; 2) superior; ~ kúsh ásk. superior forces, superior numbers. +artıqlıq n. overindulgence; excess. +artıqsha a. 1) spare, extra, superfluous; ~ kinoǵa kiriw bileti an extra ticket to the cinema; 2) unusually, more than usual; 3) exceptional. +artıw v. 1) dry, wipe, rub; kartoshka ~ to peel, to scrape potatoes, to clean; 2) load (with). +arxeolog n. archaeologyst. +arxeologiya n. archaeology. +arxiv n. archives pl.; Mámleket ~i State archives pl.; Record Office (Angliyada); <> ~ke tapsırıw to shelve, to give up as a bad job. +arxipelag n. geogr. archipelago. +arxitektor n. architect. +arxitektura n. architecture. +arxitekturalıq n. architectural. +arıslan n. lion; urǵashı ~ lioness. +asaw n. wild. +asqabaq n. pumpkin. +asqazan 1. n. anat. stomach; ~ awırıw stomachache; 2. a. stomachic. +asman n. q. aspan. +asnaw n. vat, tub, tun. +aspa a. ~ kópir suspension bridge; ~ shıra hanging suspension lamp. +aspaz n. cook, pilau-maker, kitchener (monastırda). +aspazshı n. cook. +aspan n. sky; kók-kóńbek ~ blue sky; kos. ~ denesi celestial body, orb; ~ reńi colour of the sky; ~nıń jarıǵı (kún, ay, juldızlar) celestial body; ~ gúmbezi firmament; ~ fonı celestial background. +aspirant n. post-graduate (student). +assambleya n. assembly; Birlesken Milletler Shólkeminiń Bas Assambleyası the General Assembly of the United Nations Organization. +astarlap adv. figuratively, tropically. +astarlı a. enigmatic, mysterious; figurative, metaphorical, tropical; ~ sóz figurative expression; trope. +astronom n. astronomer. +astronomiya n. astronomy; teńiz ~sı nautical astronomy; radio ~ radio astronomy; praktikalıq ~ practical astronomy. +astrobiologiya n. astrobiology. +astrobionika n. astrobionics. +astrobotanika n. astrobotany. +astrogeologiya n. astrogeology. +astrogeometriya n. geometrical astronomy. +astrogeofizika n. astrogeophysics. +astrogeografiya n. astrography. +astrokompas n. a celestial compass. +astrologiya n. astrology. +astrometriya n. astrometry +astronavigaciya n. star navigation. +astronavt n. astronaut; rocketeer. +astroradiopelengaciya n. celestial radio tracking. +astrofizika n. astrophysics. +astrofotografiya n. astronomical photography. +astroekologiya n. astroecology. +astronomiyalıq a. astronomic(al). +asfalt n. asphalt; ~ etiw to lay with asphalt, to asphalt. +asxana n. (oqıw ornındaǵı) 1) restaurant; dining-room; eating-house; 2) kitchen (qazan jay), cook-house, cook-shop; cook-room. +asxanashı n. cook, cooker man, cooker; ~ hayal cooky. +asıǵısa urgent; urging, pressing. +asıǵıw v. hurry, make haste, be fast. +asıqtırıw v. hurry, make haste, speed the matter, to make somebody hurry (up). +asılıw v. 1) be hanged; 2) be accused. +asırandı a. ~ bala adopted child; foster child. +asıraw v. 1) bring up; 2) keep; 3) (asırap, bala etip alıw) adopt; take (a child of other parents) as one's own child. +asırǵan a. exaggerated, exaggerative. +asırıw v. increase. +asıw v. hang, hang smth. on-up (bir nárseni asıw). +at I n. 1) horse; minis ~ı riding horse; ~qa miniw to horse, to take horse; ~ kúshi (tex.) horsepower; ~ kónek horseboy; ~ satar horse-dealer; ~ góshi horseflesh; ~tıń qılı horsehair; ~ shabıs horse-race; 2) gram. menshikli at proper name (noun); <> jaqsı atqa bir qamshı (Maqal) a word is enough to the wise.
II n. shaxm. knight.
III n. 1) name; Berdaq ~ındaǵı kóshe Berdakh Street; jaqsı ~ good name; ~ qoyıw (yamasa beriw) to name; 2) rank; title; name; 3) ~ın shıǵarıw to become famous. +ata n. father; tuwǵan ~ ownfather; ~ ana parents; ógey ~ stepfather. +ata-ana n. parents. +ata-baba n. ancestor; forbear; forefather. +ataka n. ásk. q. hújim. +ataq n. rank, title, name. +ataqlı a. known; well-known; ~ bolıw to become famous; to be popular. +atalarsha adv. warmly, as a father, very kindly. +atalas n. 1) uncle cousin; 2) aunt (first cousin, cousin german); úsh ataǵa kelgen ~ aǵa (ana) second cousin; ~ aǵanıń balası first cousin. +atalıq n. patronage; ~qa alıw to patronize; to have the patronage (of). +atalıw v. 1) bear the name (of); be called, be named; 2) be dedicated. +ataw I v. 1) name, give name; 2) dedicate.
II n. island. +atawız n. (pair of) tongs; pincers; curling-irons. +atbaǵar n. groom, stable-man, horse-breeder, horse-boy. +ateizm n. atheism. +ateist n. atheist. +atele n. kiyim ~si dress-making and tailoring establishment; modalar ~si fashion atelier, house. +atqarıw n. I. fulfilment, execution; 2. v. to put into execution; to carry out; (teatrda) performance; ~ komiteti executive committee. +atqarıwshı n. 1) executer; 2) (teatrda) performer. +atlanıw v. be going, (to) be ready. +atlas I n. geogr. atlas.
II n. satin (gezleme); atlas.
III n. namesake. +atlaw v. jump (over). +atletika n. athletics; jeńil ~ track-and-field athletics; awır ~ heavy athletics. +atlı I n. horseman; ~ hayal horsewoman; ~ ásker cavalery man, horse-soldier.
II a. by name, named, named after. +atlıǵıw v. gush out, spout; jaradan qan atlıǵıp ketti blood gushed from the wound; onıń kózinen jas ~ıp shıqtı tears gushed from her eyes. +atlıq n. gram. noun; menshikli ~ proper name; ǵalabalıq ~ common noun. +atmosfera n. astr. kos. atmosphere; tómengi ~ (~nıń tómengi qatlamı) lower atmosphere, lower atmosphere layer; jer ~sı earth atmosphere; sırtqı ~ n. outer atmosphere; gúńgirt ~ n. twilight glow; joqarǵı ~ n. upper air, upper atmosphere. +atom n. fiz. atom; ~ awırlıǵı atomic weight; ~ bomba(sı) atom bomb, A-bomb; ~ urısı atom war; ~ energiyası atomic energy; ~ quralı atomic weapon; ~ elektrostanciyası atomic electric power station; ~ yadrosı nucleus; pl. nuclei. +atpa-at ~ shaqırıw to call each one by name. +atsız I a. horseless.
II a. nameless. +attan-anıq adv. distinctly, clearly. +attan-anıqlıq n. clearness, cleanness. +attestat n. certificate; er jetkenlik ~ı school-leaving certificate. +atxana n. stable. +atız n. field, plantation; paxta ~ı cotton field. +atıspa n. firing, shot, shooting; skirmish. +atıwshı n. rifleman, shooter gunman. +aw I n. hunt, hunting.
II n. fish-net. +awaza n. rumour. +awǵan n. Afghan; ~ tili the Afghan language. +awdarma 1. a. translatable; 2. n. translation; tilden tilge jáne qayta ~ double translation; mashina járdemindegi ~ (automatic, electronic) machine translation; erkin ~ free translation; qatarma-qatar ~ interlinear translation; sózbe-sóz ~ word-for-word translation; literal translation; gáppe-gáp ~ sentence-for-sentence translation; tekstten birden ~ sight translation; unseen translation; sinxronlıq ~ simultaneous translation. +awdarıspaq n. revolution; mámleket awdarıspaǵı State revolution. +awdarılıw v. 1) turn over; tarelka awdarılıp tústi the plate turned over; ol jaǵınan bul jaǵına ~ to turn from side to side; 2) fall down. +awdarıw v. 1) turn over, turn about, turn aside, turn back, turn inside out; 2) fell. +auditoriya n. 1) (jay) lecture-hall, lecture-room; 2) (tıńlawshılar) audience. +awqam 1. n. ally; 2. a. allied; ~lık respublika Union Republic. +awqat n. 1) food, meal; ~tan keyin after meal; keshki ~ supper; ~lanıw to eat, to have dinner (supper, breakfast); ıssı ~ hot food, hot meals pl.; 2) forage; fodder (jem.). +awqatlandırıw v. 1) feed, to breed, nourish; 2) atqa jolda jem beriw (~) to bait a horse. +awqatlanıw v. eat, feed (on), live (on); jaqsı ~ to eat well. +awqatlı a. rich. +awlaq a. 1) far; 2) hid, hidden. +awlaqlaw v. leave (alone); abandon. +awlaw v. (ań) hunt; (mıltıq penen) shoot; to fish (balıq). +awmastırıw v. exchange. +awır 1. a. 1) heavy; ~ júk heavy load; ~ tank heavy tank; ~ salmaqlı palwan. sport. heavy-weight; 2) (qıyın) hard, difficult; ~ jumıs hard work (toil); ~ wazıypa difficult problem; ~ soraw difficult question; 3) (jaǵday tuwralı) serious, grave; ~ kesellik serious illness; ~ jaǵday grave condition; ~ juwapkershilik heavy responsibility; ~ turmıs hard life; 2. adv. 1) heavily (salmaq haqqında); 2) seriously, gravely, dangerously; ~ kesel seriously ill; ~ jaradar badly, seriously wounded, dangerously wounded; ~ dem alıw sigh heavily; heave a deep sigh. +awırminez a. heavy natured; ~li adam heavy natured man. +awırlıq n. 1) heaviness; 2) weight; 3) burden. +awırmanlıq n. yoke; ~ salıw to put a yoke on, to yoke. +awırıw I v. 1) ache, hurt; have a pain; smart; qay jerińiz awırıp tur? where have you a pain?, what ails you?; onıń ayaǵı awırıp tur he has a pain in his foot, his foot hurts; onıń bası awırıp tur his head aches, he has a headache; onıń tamaǵı awırıp tur he has a sore throat; onıń kózi awırıp tur his eyes ache; tútinnen kózi ~ the smoke makes one's eyes smart; 2) be ill (with), be down (with), be ailing; ol suwıq tiyip awırǵan he is ill with pneumonia, he is down with pneumonia; ol jasınan ~ he has been ailing since childhood; ol bárhama ~ he is always ailing; 3) patient; sick man, sick woman; ambulatoriya ~ı out-patient; tósektegi ~ in-patient, hospital patient; júrek ~ tubercular patient.
II n. 1. 1) illness, disease, ailment, malady; juqpalı ~ infectious disease, contagious disease; qaytalaytuǵın ~ chronic disease; awır ~ serious illness, painful illness; teńiz ~ı seasickness; nurlanıwdan bolatuǵın ~ radiation sickness, radiation morbidity; <> batpanlap kirgen awırıw, mısqallap shıǵadı (Maqal) agues come an horseback, but go away on foot; 2. a. sick (adam, haywan haqqında); diseased (múshe haqqında); sore, morbid; ~ bala sick boy; ~ júrek diseased heart, bad heart; ~ kóz sore eye; ~ tis, barmaq bad tooth, finger; psixikalıq ~ mentally diseased, mentally deranged; onıń ~ı awır lie is (seriously) ill; his case is serious. +awırıwlı a. 1) painful; 2) ill, sick (amer.). +awırtatuǵın a. painful; causing pain, causing ache. +awırtıw v. hurt; to cause pain (to); to wound the feelings (of). +awırtpaytuǵın a. painless. +awırıwxana n. hospital (emlewxana). +awhal n. 1) position, condition, state, status, standing, situation; sociallıq ~ social status; turmıs ~ family position; wellfare standards; state of health. +awshı n. 1) hunter, huntsman; 2) fisherman (balıqshı). +awız n. mouth; ~dan dem alıw to breathe through the mouth; ~ quwıslıǵı oral cavity; ~ın toltırıp sóylew to talk with one's mouth full; ~ın ashıp qalıw agape, open-mouthed; stand agape; ~ın qaqpalaw stop smb.'s mouth; illa dep ~ın ashpaw never open one's lips (mouth); ~ın ashıp esnew to give long yawns, yawn one's head off; <> sútke awızı kúygen qatıqtı úplep ishedi (Maqal) a burnt children dreads the fire. +awızbirshilik a. friendly, amicable; ~te jasaw to live in peace and friendship; to live in harmony, to live in concord. +awızbirshilikli n. close, intimate friendship, friendly relations, mutual consent; agreement, accord, harmony. +awızeki a. q. awızsha. +awızsha 1. a. oral, verbal; ~ sóz speech; spoken language; ~ xabarlaw verbal communication; ~ kelisim verbal agreement, verbal contract; 2. adv. orally, verbally, by word of mouth. +awızlı a. mouthy. +awıl 1. n. village; ~ xojalıǵı agriculture; ~da in the country; ~ǵa to the country; 2. a. rural, attr. country. +awıllas n. native (fellow), countryman. +afisha n. bill, poster, placard; teatr ~sı playbill. +afrikalı n. African. +afrikan a. African. +affiks n. gram. affix. +affiksal a. affixial. +ash a. hungry; ~ bolıw to be hungry; <> iytten ~ famished, starving, revenous, hungry as a hunter; qarnım ~ I am hungry; <> qarnı ashqa, qosıq jaqpas (Maqal) a hungry belly has no ears. +asharshılıq n. (ashlıq) hunger, starvation, hunger-strike; ~tan óliw to starve; ~ daǵazalaw to go on hunger-strike; ~ daǵazalaǵan hunger-striker. +ashkóz a. greedy, covetous. +ashkózlik n. greediness, covetousness. +ashqısh n. bottle-screw. +ashlıq n. q. asharshılıq. +ashshı a. bitter; ~ burısh bitter pepper; ~ dawıs shrill sound (cry); <> ashshını tatıp kórmegen, dushshınıń qádirin bilmes (shiyrinniń qádirine ashshını tatqan jeter) (Maqal) who has never tasted bitter, knows not what is sweet; he knows best what good is that has endured evil; or misfortune tell us what fortune is. +ashıq I a. 1) open, unclosed, not shut; ~ esik (kitap) (an) open door (book); <> ~ jerde in an exposed (open) place, in the way; 2) fine; ~ hawa fine weather (day); 3) frank (jasırmay), sincere; ~ ayt (jasırmay ayt) tell me frankly; ~ kewilli sincere.
II n., a. beloved; <> ~ mashıq beloved pair. +ashılıw v. 1) open; be opened, become open; 2) be revealed; to view; dúkan saat onda ~ı kerek the store (shop) is to open (to be opened) at ten o'clock. +ashınarlı a. mournful, sorrowful, pitiful. +ashınıw v. 1) feel sorry (for), pity; 2) be sorry (for, that); regret (that); (birewge) ~ to pity (smb.), to be sorry (for smb.). +ashıtqı n. yeast, ferment. +ashıtqısh n. q. ashıtqı. +ashıtıw v. 1) ferment (qamır haqqında); 2) make bitter; júda kóp burısh awqattı ashshı etedi too much pepper makes the meal bitter; 3) bite (suwıq haqqında). +ashıw I v. 1) turn sour, become sour, be sour; sút ashıp ketipti the milk has turned sour; 2) open, disclose; discover; reveal.
II n. 1) anger, spite, wrath, ire; rage, fury, indignation; ~ı keliw to be angry, to get angry; ~ (ın)dı keltiriw to irritate, to make someone angry; 2) <> janı ~ to grieve (about, for, over, at) to be anxious, to be worried (about); his heart bleeds (over, at); <> ashıw aldın, aqıl keyin keledi (Maqal) wise after the event; 3) biol., xim. fementation. +ashıwlandırıw v. to make angry; to irritate. +ashıwlanıw v. be angry (with). +ashıwlı a. angry, enraged; wrathful, indignant, spiteful. +ashıwshaq a. 1) hot-tempered, quick-tempered; 2) angry, wicked. +aerodrom n. airdrome; airfield, aerodrome. +aerolit n. kos. aerolite. +aerologiya n. kos. aerology. +aeronomiya n. kos. (jer hám aspan atmosferası haqqında ilim) aeronomy. +aeroport n. airport. +aerotit n. med. kos. aerotitis. +ayıw n. bear; aq ~ Polar bear; ~ balası bear-cub. +ayaǵı n. end, finish; aydıń ~ the end of the month; bastan ~na shekem from beginning to the end. +ayaz n. frost, cold, cool, chill. +ayazlaw v. be cold; freeze; catch cold. +ayazlı a. frosty, cold, freezing; ~ suwıq biting cold (frost). +ayaq 1. n. foot, leg; jalań ~ barefoot, barefooted, bare; ayaǵın ayaǵınıń ústine qoyıw to cross one's legs; basınan ayaǵına shekem from head to foot; ayaǵına urıp jıǵıw to knock smb. down, to knock smb. off his feet; ayaǵın basıw to tread (to step) on smb.'s foot, to tread on smb.'s corns (toes); hámmeni ayaǵına turǵızıw to raise; <> aǵash ~ wooden leg, stump, peg leg; ayaǵıńnıń astındaǵoy it is in your way; 2. a. ~ oyın dance, dancing; ~ oyın oynaw to dance; ~ oyınshı dancer; <> bir ayaǵı górde bir ayaǵı jerde have one's foot in the grave. +ayaqlaw v. end, finish; to complete. +ayal n. q. hayal. +ayan a. evident, obvious, known. +ayanısh n. pity, sorry, compassion. +ayanıshlı a. pitiful, pitiable, misirable, compassionate, sorrowful, regrettable, lamentable; ~ túrde (kóriniste) bolıw to cut a poor (sorry) figure. +ayaw v. 1) spare grudge; 2) take care (of). +ayawlı a. careful, caution. +ayawsız 1. a. merciless, ruthless; 2. adv. mercilessly, cruelly. +ábden adv. rather, fairly; ~ maqtaw to hand smb. a bouquet for to throw bouquets at smb. (amer.). +ábiger a. ninny, milksop. +ábigerleniw v. bustle. +áger q. eger. +ádebiy a. literary; ~ miyras literary heritage, literary property; inglis ~ tili standard (literary, received) English; ~ til literary language; ~ dógerek literary circles. +ádebiyat n. literature; dunya ~ ı world literature; ~ krujogi literature club; balalar ~ı children's literature. +ádebiyattanıw n. history of literature, literary criticism. +ádebiyatshı n. 1. man of letters (oqıtıwshı); literature teacher; writer. 2. specialist in literature, literary critic. +ádep I n. tact, politeness, civility; habit.
II adv. at first. +ádepli a. tactful; well bread, moral. +ádeplilik n. breeding, good breeding, civility, politeness, courtesy. +ádepsiz a. corrupted, depraved, dissolute, reprobate, tactless, ill-breed. +ádepsizlik n. ill breeding, unmannerliness, rudeness, impoliteness. +ádep-ikram n. moral, ethics. +ádet n. custom, habit, skill. +ádetleniw v. get used (to); get accustomed (to). +ádette adv. usual(ly); generally, commonly; ~gidey as a rule. +ádettegi a. usual, ordinary; ~ (nárse) jaǵday a usual thing; ~ waqıtta at the usual time; at the usual hour; ~ huquq common law, customary law. +ádewir adv. 1) much (birliktegi atlıq penen); many, quite a number of (kópliktegi atlıq penen); olar uyımlastırıwǵa ~ miynet sarp etti they sent not a little labour on the organization; ol ~ kitaplardı oqıp shıqtı he has read many (not a few) books; xalıqtıń tariyxı ~ revolyuciyanı biledi (yamasa ~ revolyuciyanı bastan keshirgen) in the history of peoples many revolutions have taken place; 2) a great deal; ol ~ oqıdı he has read a great deal; ~ burın long before, in good time. +ádil a. 1) just; fair; ~ jaza just sentence; ~ sudya impartial judge, fair judge; ~ urıs just war; ~ talap just demands; ~ bolıw to be just (to), to be fair (to); 2) true, correct; bul ~ this is especially true (of). +ádillik n. 1) justice, equity, fairness; ~ ushın gúresiw to struggle for justice, to fight for justice; ~ke erisiw (jetisiw) to obtain justice; ádilligin aytqanda in justice, in (all) fairness, by rights; justifiably; bunı ~ talap etedi justice demands that it be done; bunı moyınlawdı ~ talap etedi it should be said in all fairness that; sud ádilligi fairness of a judge; impartiality of a judge; 2) truth; correctness; <> ~ke salıw to render justice(to), to do justice (to). +ádilsiz a. unjust, unfair; ~ bolıw (birewge) to do smb. an injustice. +ádilsizlik n. injustice; unfairness. +ádiris awz. q. adres. +ádis n. method; way; manner mode; device (ádebiy shıǵarmada); emlew ~i the method (way, mode) of treatment; quraldıń ~i ásk. manual of the rifle sg.; usınday ~ penen in this way; basqa ~ penen in a different way; qollanıw ~i directions for use pl.; mexanikalıq ~ mechanically; qanday ~ penen bolmasın by hook or by crook (idiom); barlıq ~ ti qollanıw to try every possible means, to test every possible means. +áduwlew v. 1) honour, revere; birewdi ~ to revere smb.'s memory; 2) respect, esteem, have respect (for), hold in respect. +áduwli 1. a. 1) respected, honourable, respectable, estimable; reverable; 2) considerable; 3) dear; ~ dos(tım)! (my) dear friend!; 4) sacred; meniń ~ minnetim usı isti pitiriw it's my sacred duty to do this; 2. n. darling, dear, dearest. +ájaǵa n. elder brother, senior brother. +ájel 1. n. death; decease; destruction; loss; wreck; fall, downfall; ruin; bul onı ~ine jetkeredi that will ruin him, that will lead to his perdition; biymezgil ~ untimely death, untimely decease; ~i jetiw to die, to decease; 2. a. death (attr.); ~ saatı death hour; ~ jazası sentence of death, death-warrant; capital punishment, death penalty. +ájelli a. 1) mortal; <> ájellige bir ólim (Naqıl) man is mortal; a man can die but once; 2) death (attr.). +ájep all right, okay; ~ bolıptı! It serves him right! +ájeplenerlik a. striking, attracting, astonishing. +ájeplendiriw v. surprise. +ájepleniw v. be (to get) surprised, be astonished. +ájep-táwir a., adv. 1) astonishing, amazing, wonderful; 2) strange(ly); it is strange. +ájiz a. weak, feeble; faint; loose; slack; ~ bala weak child, feeble child; ~ dawıs weak voice, small voice!; ~ kóz weak eyes; ~ den-sawlıq weak (poor, delicate) health. +ájim n. wrinkle; ~ eniw (~ payda bolıw) v. 1) fade wither; 2) wrinkle. +ázelgi adv. formerly; ago. +ázerbayjanlıq n. Azerbaijanese ; ~lar the Azerbaijanese. +ázerbayjan a. Azerbaijanian. +ázzi a. 1) weak, faint, feeble, loose, slack; ~ bala weak (feeble) child; ~ kóz weak eyes; ~ den-sawlıq weak (poor, delicate) health; ~ rawajlanıw poor development; 2) poor; ~ orator poor speaker; ~ oqıwshı bad (backward) pupil; ~ baylanıs poor contact; <> ~ jaǵı (tárepi) weak point, weak side (place); ~ jaǵın (jerin) tabıw to find the joint in the armour. +áziz a. 1) dear; beloved (súyikli), favourite; 2) precious, valuable; 3) holy. +áyyemgi a. primary, elementary, essential; ~ qaǵıydalar essential rules. +áynek n. window; casement-window; ~siz windowless. +áke n. father, daddy, papa. +ákeliw v. 1) bring, fetch, carry; 2) bring in; (kóp) payda ~ to bring in (big, good) returns; <> baxıt, baxıtsızlıq ~ to bring luck, misfortune. +áketiw v. 1) take (to), take away; put smth. in its place; 2) carry away (samal, aǵıs haqqında). +áke-sheshe n. parents. +álbette adv. of course, certainly, to be sure (to); ol ~ keledi he is sure to come. +álewmet n. awz. people, mankind. +álipbe n. alphabet; ~ kitap ABC-book. +álle I 1. pron. ~ kim somebody, someone; 2. adv. ~ qayda somewhere, anywhere else; 3. adv. ~ qaydan where..., from, whence; 4. pron. indef. ~ nárse something, anything.
II ~ qashan 1. adv. before; formerly; already, ago, long ago, for along time; ol ~ kelgen he has already come; 2. n. late, the late hour, very late; ~ǵa shekem very late, till late at night; already. +álpayım a. polite, courteous, tactful. +álpeshlegen a. well-cared-for; well-groomed, sleek. +álwan a. various, different. +ámel n. 1) awz. job, rank, post; ~ge miniw to have a high rank (promotion); to hold (to fill) a post, to fill a position; ~den bosatıw (birewdi) to relieve smb. off his post, to dismiss smb.; 2) action; act, deed; oǵan onıń ~i jaqpaydı he doesn't like the way she behaves, he doesn't like her behaviour; júrekli ~ bold deed; 3) ruse, trick; hár túrli ~ (~ge qashıw) islew to resort to different devices (tricks). +ámellep adv. hard, not easily, in a difficult way. +ámelpaz n. 1) careerist; office-seeker; place-hunter, climber, go-better; 2) dodger; cheat, swindler, knave; rogue. +ámelpazlıq n. 1) adroitness, dexterity, deftness; 2) trickery; imposture, knavery. +ámir n. order, ukase; ~ etiw v. to order. +ámenger n. defender, protector. +ándishe n. 1) anxiety, concern, uneasiness; nervousness, agitation; 2) meditation, thoughtful mood; tereń ~de deep in thought. +ándisheli a. wise, tactful, shameful. +ándishesiz a. ill-advised, shameless, tactless. +ánjam n. furniture; úy ~ı house hold things; preparation; equipment, outfit; ~ jew v. 1) prepare, be going to; ol Moskvaǵa barıwǵa ~ jep atır he is going to go to Moscow; 2) equip oneself (for smth.), get ready (for smth.). +ánjamlaw v. 1) equip, fit out (up); 2) prepare, get ready. +ánjir n. 1. fig; 2. a. fig (attr.); ~ aǵashı fig-tree; ~ japraǵı fig-leaf. +áne 1. adv. here, there; 2. pron. demonstr. this, that. +ánekey that is to say (solay deń aqırı). +áńgime n. 1) conversation, talk; doslıq ~ friendly chat; heart-to-heart talk; 2) debate, discussion; ~ júrgiziw to give a talk, toehold (to lead) a discussion; 3) interview. +áńgimelesiw v. talk; speak; converse; talk in a friendly informal manner. +áńgimeshil n. conversationalist, conversable person. +ápiw n. 1) apology; 2) forgiveness, pardon; ~ etiw to forgive; to pardon; to excuse; meni ~ etińiz! excuse me!, I beg your pardon! +ápten adv. extremely; very, too. +árebek n. 1) ear-ring; 2) tex. link. +árem n. mal ~ enclosure, pen; qoy ~ sheep-fold. +árman n. 1) dream, regret; day-dream, walking-dream; 2) expectation, hope; aspirations; <> ~ etkennende ziyada beyond expectation, unexpectedly. +ármansız a. satisfied; to one's heart's content; as much as one's wish. +árre-tárre a. disjoined (baylanıssız sóz). +ásbap n. instrument, tool, tools; xirurgiya ásbabı surgical instruments; awıl xojalıq ~ları implements; ónermentshilik ~ları tools; egew ~ları precision instruments; saz ~bı musical instrument; úy-xojalıq ~ları house hold things; ~ islenetuǵın tex. tool-making; used for making tools; ~ islenetuǵın polat tool steel; ~ islenetuǵın óndiris tool production; ~ soǵıwshı (~ islep shıǵarıwshı) tool-maker; instrument-maker; <> (olaq) jaman usta asbabına nalır (Maqal) an ill (bad) workman quarrels with his tools or blames, his tools. +ásir n. century; jigirmalanshı ~ the twentieth century. +ásker n. 1) troops; 2) soldiers, military man; 3) army, force(s). +áskeriy a. military, war; ~ xızmet military service; ~ teńiz flotı navy. +áskerlik n. military service. +áspi n. typhus. +áste adv. (ásten) quietly (dawısqa tiyisli); calmly, slowly; ~ sóylew to speak slowly; calmly. +áteshkur n. fire-irons; fire-tongs. +átirap n. adv. 1) suburb, circle; ~taǵı muqıyt surrounding, condition; 2) round, about; ~ında about. +átir n. perfume, scent; iyisli ~ fragrant, sweet scented. +átirgúl n. rose; <> tikensiz átirgúl bolmas (Maqal) no rose without a thorn. +átkónshek n. swing rope; hammock (tor). +áttegenay q. áttegene. +áttegene int. pity, annoyance; áttegenay! what a pity!, it is a pity; átteń ol kelmey atırda! it is a pity that he has not come! +átteń q. áttegene. +áwel adv. firstly, at first, from the beginning, in the beginning; before formerly; eń ~ first of all; <> áwel oylan, keyin sóyle (Naqıl) first think then speak. +áwelgi a. previous, former, primary; ~ kúni the day before yesterday, the previous day. +áwelgidey adv. as before, as usual. +áweli adv. at first, first of all. +áwlad n. generation, descendant; jas ~ young generation; kelesi ~ future generation. +áwliye n. saint; holy; sacred. +áhe int. yes; ~ túsinikli yes, I understand; I see! +áhmiyet n. importance, significance. +áhmiyetli a. considerable, sizeable, important, significant. +baba n. grandfather, grand papa; qar ~ Grandfather Frost, Santa Claus; colloq. granddad, grandpa. +bagaj n. q. júk. +baǵ 1. n. garden; park; miywe ~ı orchard; botanika ~ı botanical gardens; haywanat ~ı zoological gardens; zoo; mádeniyat hám dem alıs ~ı Park of Culture and Rest; qala ~ı the gardens; 2. a. garden (attr.); cultivated; ~dıń gúli cultivated flowers; ~(dıń) malinası (búldirgen) cultivated raspberry. +baǵman n. gardener; horticulturist (ilimiy). +baǵmanshılıq 1.n. 1) gardening; horticulture (ilimiy); 2) ~ xojalıǵı gardening establishment; 2. a. gardening (attr.), horticultural (ilimiy). +baǵlılıq n. dependence. +baǵınıw n. submission, obedience. +baǵıshlaw v. devote (to); ózin ilim jolına ~ to devote yamasa to give (up) one's life to science; kóp waqıttı oqıwǵa ~ to devote much time to studies. +baǵıw v. graze; breed; shepherd. +baǵıwsız a. neglected, homeless; ~ bala waif, street-child; ~ balalar waifs and strays. +baǵıwshı n. mal ~ herdsman, shepherd; mal ~ hayal shepherdess. +baǵısıw v. help to nurse, help to look after. +badam n. bot. almonds; ~ daraǵı almond-tree. +badıraq n. farm labourer, farmhand. +baza n. base; basis (pl. -ses); shiyki zat ~sı source of raw materials; raw-material base; material ~sı material resources; áskeriy ~ military base; azıq-awqat ~sı forage reserve; energetika ~sı (electric) power base; ekonomiya ~sı economic basis. +bazar n. bazaar, market fair (yarmarka); báhárgi kitap ~ı spring book sale (fair); bear-garden. +bazis n. basis (pl. -ses) foundation; ~ hám nadstroyka basis and superstructure. +bay I 1. a. rich, well-to-do, prosperous, wealthy; 2. n. a rich man, the rich, the wealthy; tar. bai (rich landowner in Central Asia);
II n. husband; onıń ~ı oqıtıwshı her husband is a teacher.
III n. ~ beriw to lose (urısta); bir minutta ~ bermew kerek edi there was not a moment to be lost. +bayqaw v. notice; find out; feel, understand. +baylanıs n. 1) tie, bond, connection; tıǵız ~ta bolıw to be closely connected (with); logikalıq ~ logical connection; sebebli ~ causal relationship, causation; 2) connection, relation; doslıq ~ın ornatıw to establish friendly relations (with); tıǵız ~ ornatıw to establish close links (with); ~tı úziw to lose touch (with); 3) communication (jol, telegraf); ~ xızmeti communication service, ~ jasaw (qılıw) (radio, telefon arqalı) to get in touch (by telephone); 4) ásk. intercommunication; signals pl; liaison; ~ xızmeti signal service, communication service (amer.); kos. kosmik ~ space communication; kosmik radio ~ space-to-space communication; 5) liaison (muhabbat); ~ ornatıw to form a connection; connections; jaqsı ~ penen well-connected; bir nárse menen ~ta in connection with smth., in view of smth.; in the light of smth.; usıǵan ~lı in this connection; 6) linkage; eki-jaqlı kóp mánisli ~ (soraw juwap mánisinde) many-to-many linkage; shep jaqlı kóp mánisli ~ many-to-one linkage; oń jaqlı kóp mánisli ~ one-to-many linkage; bir mánisli ~ one-to-one linkage. +baylanıslı a. connected, concerned, interested; connecting. +baylanıstırıw v. link, bind, connect (with); teoriyanı praktika menen ~ to link theory with practice. +baylanısıw v. communicate (with); connect (with); telefon, radio arqalı ~ to get in touch (by telephone, radio) with; massa menen tıǵız ~ to get into closer contact with the masses; tıǵız ~ closely associated; bul másele basqa máseleler menen tıǵız baylanıslı this problem is bound up with others; birew menen baylanıslı bolıw to be connected with smb. +baylaw I v. tie, fasten, tie together, tie up, bind; connect (with); cord (juwan arqan menen); jaranı bint penen ~ to dress the wound, to bandage; jiptiń eki ushın ~ to tie together the ends of the rope; túyip ~ to bundle (up), make a bundle (of); birewdiń qolın ~ to tie smb.'s hands; ayaq-qolın ~ to tie (to bind) hand and foot; ~lı bolıw to be bound up with smth.; <> baxtın ~ to throw (to cast) in one's lot (with).
II n. 1) bind, tie up; dástelerdi ~ to bind sheaves; 2) knit, crocket; teń. jaǵaǵa ~ (kemeni) to moor. +baylawlı a. 1) tied; fastened; 2) dependent (on). +baylıq n. 1. riches (pl.), wealth; tábiyiy ~ natural resources; maǵanası jaǵınan ~ spiritual wealth; 2) richness, resplendence; <> den-sawlıq tereń baylıq (Maqal) health is above (the) wealth. +bayram n. holiday; ~ túsin alıw to have a festive, holiday-like appearance; ~ kúni red-letter day; celebration, triumph; ~ etiw to celebrate, to triumph. +bayraq n. banner, flag; ~ kóteriw to flag; ~ kóteriwshi n. standard-bearer, colour-bearer; flagman. +baytal n. mare, filly. +bayıw v. grow rich; bayıp ketiw to get rich, to become rich. +bayıwlı n. zool. brown owl, barn-owl, screech owl, little owl; owlet (palapanı); ~day owlish. +bayıtıw v. enrich; óz-tájiriybesin ~ to enrich one's experience. +baysheshek n. snowdrop. +bakteriya n. bacterium (pl. -ria). +baqa n. frog; suw ~ toad. +baqay n. ankle. +baqlaw I v. observe; control; oversee.
II n. 1) superintendence, control; 2) observation; ~ júrgiziw to observe; kos. kosmostı hám hawanı ~ aerospace surveillance; ushıwdı jer astınan ~ underground launch control; kosmos keńisligin ~ sisteması space-oriented surveillance system; kosmoslıq keńislikti ~ hám qadaǵalaw milliy orayı National Space Surveillance Control Center. +baqlawshı n. 1) observatory; 2) overseer; supervisor; warder; jailer (túrmede). +baqrayıw v. gaze (at, on, upon); (quslar haqqında) goggle; stare, open one's eyes wide; kózi baqrayǵan adam goggle-eyed man. +baqır 1. n. 1) copper; sarı ~ brass, yellow copper; 2) copper (aqsha mánisinde); copper coins; 2. a. made of brass, copper; ~ teńge copper money; copper; copper coins pl. +baqırawıq n. shouter. +baqırıs n. shot; baqırıp jiberiw to give a shout; cry. +baqırıw v. 1) yell; dawısınıń barınsha ~ to yell (shout) at the top of one's voice; 2) roar, bellow, howl (haywanlarǵa tiyisli); 3) cry, shout, noise; <> birewge ~ (keyiw) to shout (at). +baqsha balalar ~sı kindergarten. +baqtırıw v. 1) (vrachqa) cure, treat, undergo a cure; 2) mal ~ to graze a cattle. +bala 1. n. 1) child, baby; ul ~ boy; qız ~ girl; 2. a. ~lar úyi children's home; ~lar baqshası kindergarten, nursery school; ~lar maydanshası open-air kindergarten; ~lar vagoni children's carriage; ~ bólmesi nursery; ~lar filmi children's film; ~lar oyını children's games; ~lar keseli children's disease, infantile sickness; ~lardıń láń keseli infantile paralysis; 2) young one; the young; 3) ayıw (bóri) ~sı bear-cub (wolf cub); jolbarıs ~sı tiger cub; kit (pil), tyullen ~sı whale-calf (elephant-calf, baby elephant); seal-calf; pıshıq ~sı kitten; <> bolar bala bes jasınan belgili (Maqal) the childhood shows the man, as morning shows the day. +balaǵat n. majority, full age; ~qa jetiw to come of age, to attain one's majority. +balalıq n. childhood; ~ shaq, ~ jıllar childhood. +balans n. equilibrium, balance, ~tı joytıw to loose one's balance. +balanslaw v. balance; keep one's balance. +balasha adv. childish, infantile. +bala-shaǵalı a. family man; ~ adam married man. +bala-shaǵasız a. 1) unmarried; 2) childless. +balkon n. balcony. +balǵa n. hammer; oraq hám ~ hammer and sickle. +balǵalaw v. hammer. +balerina n. ballerina, ballet-dancer. +balet n. ballet. +baletmeyster n. ballet-master. +ball n. 1) number; 2) (samal kúshi) wind force; 3) jer silkiniw ~ı (earth) quake force; 4) mektepte qoyılatuǵın baha ~ı mark; 5) (sport) point. +ballon n. balloon; gaz ~ı gas-bag. +balta n. axe; ~ sabı axe-handle. +balshıldatıw v. squelch; batpaqtı ~ to squelch through the mud. +balıq 1. n. fish; ~ awlaw to fish, to angle; fishing, fishery; ~ awlawǵa barıw to go fishing; 2. a. ~ mayı cod, liver oil; ~ hawızı fishpond; ~ satıwshı fishmonger; <> ~ tutpaqshı bolsań hól bolıwdı umıtpa (Naqıl) he who would catch fish must not mind of getting wet. +balıqshı n. fisher; fisherman. +balıqshılıq n. fishing, fishery. +banderol n. postal, wrapper; ~ etip jiberiw to send as printed matter; to send by bookpost. +bandit n. bandit, out-throat, robber, brigand. +banditizm n. gangsterism. +banditlik n. thuggery, thuggee. +banka n. 1) jar, pot; 2) v. ~ qoyıw med. to apply, cupping-glasses (to). +bank n. bank; mámleketlik ~ State bank. +bap I n. chapter, section; birinshi ~ta in chapter one;
II a. suitable, proper, appropriate. +bar v. 1) be, is, are, be present, exist, there is, there are; úlken áhmiyeti ~ It is of great importance; bul kitapxanada kóp kitaplar ~ there are many books in this library; 2) have, has; dámi ~ have a taste. +baraban n. drum; ~ qaǵıw to drum, to beat the drum. +barabar a. equal; ~ bolıw, keliw (birewge) to be equal to smb. (in); oǵan ~ keletuǵın adam joq nobody can compete with him, he is without a rival. +barlaw I v. 1) find out (about); 2) ásk. reconnoiter (amer.); roll-call; ~ júrgiziw to call the roll; 3) geol. prospect; jer baylıǵın ~ to locate deposits; neft shıǵatıǵın rayondı ~ to prospect a district for oil; to prove (to know) supplies (reserves of oil); 4) observe; birewdiń háreketin ~ to observe (to watch) smb. do smth.; 5) watch, supervise, control; orınlanıwın ~ to see smth. (through); 6) journal, register.
II n. 1) observation; kos. hawa-kosmoslıq ~ aerospace intelligence, aerospace reconnaissance; 2) superintendence, supervision, control; ~da (~ astında) bolıw to be under observation (of). +barlıq 1. n. universe, being, existence; 2. pron. defin. all, everybody, everything, everyone. +barmaq n. finger; bas ~ thumb; kórsetkish ~ index (fore) finger; ortan ~ middle finger, third finger; shúldir-shúmek the fourth finger, ring finger; shunatay ~ the little finger (qolda); the little toe (ayaqta); <> bes ~tay biliw to have smth. at one's finger tips, finger-ends; <> bes barmaǵıń birdey emes (Maqal) all bread is not baked in one oven. +barometr n. barometer. +barıw v. go, start, leave, walk; piyada ~ to go on foot; teńiz benen ~ to go by sea; to voyage; atlı ~ to ride, to go on horseback; velosipedte ~ to cycle; poezdda ~ to go (travel) by train; tramvay (avtobus) da ~ to go by tram (bus); takside ~ to go by (in) a taxi; komandirovkaǵa ~ to make a business trip; shet elge ~ to go abroad; áskeriy xızmetke ~ to engage for military service; birewdiń izinen ~ to follow smb.; sóz onıń ómiri tuwralı baratır it is a matter of life and death for him. +barsha pron. q. barlıq. +barı adv. only (bolǵanı). +bas I n. 1. head; ~ miy brain; ~ kiyim head-dress; hat; ~ awırıwı headache; ~ qatırıw to puzzle (over); ~ınan ayaǵına shekem from head to foot, from top to toe; ~ın kóteriw to hold up one's head; ~ın joǵaltıw to loose one's head; ~ súyek skull; ~ iyiw 1) to bow; to bow one's thanks (alǵıs retinde); 2) to bow to the inevitable (jeńilis mánisinde); 3) to bow before authority (abırayı aldında); <> onıń bası ǵawlap júr he is a giddy pate, he is a feather-brain; 2) attr. chief, capital, main, general, principal; ~ injener chief engineer; engineer-in-chief; ~ buxgalter accountant general; chief-accountant; ~ hárip capital letter; ~ maqala editorial. II n. ear; ~ shıǵarıw (baslaw) to ear, to form ears. III ~ tartıw 1. v. 1) to retire; 2) decline; 3) resign; 2. n. resignation. +basbarmaq n. thumb. +basketbol n. sport. basketball; ~ oynaw to play basketball. +basketbolshı n. basketball player. +basqa 1. a. smb. else's, another's; ~nıń esabınan at smb. else's expense; at the expense of another; bul ~nıń kitabı it is smb. else's book, that book is not mine; 2. pron. other; ~ sóz benen aytqanda in other words; different; bul ekewi ~ nárse they are different things; 3. n. (biytanıs) stranger, foreigner; ~nıń atı menen under an assumed name; ~dan alıw adoption, borrowing; ~lardıń qolında into strange hands; ~lardıń aldında in the presence of strangers; 4. prep, besides; except; onnan (bunnan) ~ besides (that), in addition; <> basqanıń qolı menen ot ısırma make a cat's-paw of other people. +basqarma n. office, administration; kos. kosmos sistemasınıń ~sı Air Force Systems Division (AQShta); kosmos keńisligin izertlew hám aeronavtika boyınsha Milliy ~sı National Aeronautics and Space Administration; kosmosqa ushıwdı basqarıw ~sı Office of Applications (AQShta); hawa-kosmostı izertlewler ~sı Office of Aerospace Research; kosmos ilimleriniń ~sı Office of Space Sciences. +basqarıw I v. 1) govern, rule; 2) control; manage, cope (with); xojalıqtı ~ to manage a household; 3) run, drive, operate.
II n. conducting; managing; governing; ruling; xojalıqtı ~ housekeeping; kos. jerden ~ ground control; knopka (barmaq) menen ~ finger control; radio arqalı ~ radio control; radio guidance; kosmos kemesin qoldan ~ spaceship's manual control; bortta ornatılǵan televizor járdeminde jerden ~ television repeal-back guidance; ~ sistemasınıń shınjırı control loop; ~dıń bortlıq sisteması airborne guidance system; oraylıq ~ pulti central control board; sputnikti ~ orayı satellite control center; sońǵı basqıshtı ~ sisteması final-stage guidance system. +basqarıwshı n. manager. +basqasha 1. a. 1) other; 2) special(ly); 2. adv. otherwise, differently. +basqınshı n. aggressor, invader. +basqınshılıq n. aggressiveness. +basqısh n. stage; joqarǵı ~ta at a high stage; kos. birinshi ~ (kóp basqıshlı raketanıń) first stage; sońǵı ~ final stage; joqarǵı ~ upper stage, top stage. +basqıshlı a. stepped. +baslama n. initiative; ~ kórsetiw to show initiative. +baslanǵısh a. elementary; ~ mektep elementary (primary) school; ~ bilim primary (elementary) education. +baslaw v. begin, start, commence; bul isti ol basladı he began this work; ol isley basladı he began (started) working; hámmesin basqasha (qaytadan) ~ to begin all over again, start afresh (a new); bir nárseden ~ to begin with smth.; basınan ~ (at) from the beginning; sóylesiwdi, gúrrińlesiwdi ~ to begin, to start a conversation. +baslıq n. 1) head, chief, leader, manager, boss; klass baslıǵı monitor; ~ bolıw to head, direct; 2) chairman. +baspa n. publishing house, mámleket ~sı State Publishing House; ~ sóz press; ~ sóz byurosı press bureau; ~ firması publishing firm; ~ jumısı publishing; ~ǵa tayarlaw to edit, to prepare for publication (edition); qol-jazbanı ~ǵa jiberiw to send one's manuscript to the press. +baspana n. shelter, home. +baspanasız a. homeless; ~ qalıw to be left without a roof over one's head; ~ bala waif, street-child. +baspaxana n. printing house, printing office; publishing house. +baspashı n. robber, bandit; brigand; highwayman. +basseyn n. sport. pond, ornamental water; shomılatuǵın ~ swimming-bath, swimming-pool. +bassız a. headless; awız. (aqılsız) brainless; scatter-brained. +bastan ayaq adv. thorough, very attentively, thoroughly. +bastırma n. shed, pent house (an apartment on the roof of a building). +bastırıwshı n. publisher. +basshı n. 1) manager; leader, instructor; klass ~sı class manager; 2) chief, head, manager; támiynlew boyınsha ~ supplies manager, manager of supplies; keńse ~sı head clerk; executive (amer.); dúkannıń ~sı shop manager; oqıw bóliminiń ~sı director of studies; mektep ~sı headmaster, principal (amer.); xojalıq ~sı assistant manager (in charge of the premises); kos. starttıń juwaplı ~sı pad chief. +basshılıq n. leadership; ~ǵında under the leadership (of), under the command (of); ~ etiw to lead, to be the leader (of). +basılıw n. publication; edition; ekinshi ~ı second edition; basıp shıǵarıw to publish. +basım n. 1) pressure; joqarı, tómengi ~ high, low pressure; 2) qan ~ı med. blood pressure; kos. ~ orayı center of pressure; ~dı qáddine keltiriw recovered pressure. +basıw v. 1) weigh (on), lie, heavy (on); knopkanı ~ to push the button; mór (pechat) ~ to stamp; útik ~ to iron; tamdı qar basıp atır the snow weighs (his heavy) on the roof; 2) print; (mashinada) type; 3) basıp alınıw to be occupied, to occupy. +batalon n. battalion; atqıshlar ~ı infantry battalion; jol ~ field engineer battalion; baylanıs ~ı signal battalion; ~ komandiri battalion commander. +batareya n. battery; par menen ısıtıw (sistemasınıń) ~sı radiator; qurǵaq elementlerdiń ~sı dry battery. +batpaq n. morass, swamp, marsh, bog; mire, slough. +batpaqlı a. boggy, marshy, swampy; ~ jer marshland, fen; ~ topıraq swampy soil; ~ suw stagnant water. +batpan (awırlıq ólshew birligi) batpan (twenty-two kilogrammes in Chimbai, fourty kilogrammes in Kungrad); <> batpanlap kirgen awırıw, mısqallap shıǵadı (Maqal) agues comes on horseback, but go away on foot. +batıl n. boldness, courage, audacity; ~ı barıw to make bold (to do smth.), take the liberty (of doing smth.). +batın a. bold, courageous, daring, audacious. +batır 1. a. brave, courage, valiant, gallant; bold, courageous; 2. n. (epic) hero, Hercules, athlete. +batırlıq n. bravery, courage, boldness, gallantry, heroism; ~ penen adv. bravely, courageously; ~ kórsetiw to display heroism; 2) act of heroism; Miynette ~ labour heroism; ~ is heroic exploit. +batırlarsha adv. bravely, courageously. +batırsınıw v. pretend to be brave, pretend not to be afraid; summon up courage. +batırshılıq n. q. batırlıq. +batıs n. 1) West, the Occident; 2) west; ~qa to the west (of), west (wards) (of); teń. to the westward (of); ~ta in the west; ~qa ketiw to go west. +batıw v. 1) sink (into); plunge (into); (suw astı kemesi haqqında) submerge, dive; (shógiw) sink, settle down; 2) (quyash haqqında) set. +batınıw a. dare. +batırıw v. sink, dip; ruchkanı sıyaǵa ~ to dip one's pen in the ink. +baton n. long loaf (nan). +baw I n. bir ~ otın bundle of wood; bir ~ ot bundle of hay (pishen); biyday ~ı (bir ~ biyday) a sheaf of wheat.
II n. string, lace; ~ın baylaw to lace up. +bawray n. slope; pitch. +bawır n. 1) liver; 2) chest, heart, soul; <> bawırı tas adam hard-hearted, cruel man; 3) slope. +baklajan n. eggplant. +baxıt n. happiness; fortune; bliss, luck; ~ tilew to wish good luck; ~qa iye fortunately; biziń baxtımızǵa luckily for us, to our good fortune. +baxıtqa adv. fortunately. +baxıtlı a. happy, fortunate, lucky; ~ adam lucky man; ol qanday ~lı! how lucky he is; ~ bolıw to be happy (lucky). +baxıtsız a. unhappy, unlucky, unfortunate; <> ~dı (biydáwletti) túye ústinen iyt qabadı (Maqal) an unfortunate man would be drowned in a teacup. +baxıtsızlıq n. bad (ill) fortune, unhappiness; distress. +baxsı n. 1) narrator; poet; 2) sorceress (hayal); sorcerer; 3) wise woman; wise man (erkek). +baha n. 1) price, cost; 2) worth; usaqlap satıw ~sı fixed stable prices, fabrika ~sı prime cost; 3) mark; joqarı ~da alıw to receive a high mark. +bahalaw v. fix the price (of); state the value (of). +bahalı a. valuable. +bahana n. occasion, cause, pretext, reason; ~ menen on (upon, under) the pretext of that... +bahasız a. invaluable, priceless. +bashkir n. Bashkir; ~ hayalı Bashkir; ~ tili the Bashkir language. +bayaǵı a. 1) recent; 2) that. +bayaǵıda adv. lately, recently, not long ago. +bayan a. account, statement, composition, exposition (mektepte); ~ etiw (~qılıw, ~ áylew) to state, to expound, to inform; ~ jazıw to write a composition. +bayanat n. statement, declaration; ~ qılıw to make a statement, communiqué. +bayanlawısh n. gram. predicate. +báyge n. 1) horse-race; galloping; 2) racecourse (jol mánisinde); ~ aylanbası racing track. +bálki mod. sóz. 1) may, may be; possible; 2) but, and. +bálemat 1. n. monster; monstrosity; enormity; 2. a. monstrous. +bálent a. 1) high, tall; ~ boylı adam tall man; ıssılıǵı ~ high temperature; 2) ~ dawıs penen high-pitched; 3) ~ keliw out voice; <> onıń qolı ~ he (she) is lucky. +bálentlik n. 1) height, altitude; 2) height, hill. +bálentletiw v. raise; dawıstı ~ to raise one's voice. +bálentlew v. rise, be up. +bálentpárwaz a. grandiloquent, bombastic, turgid; high-flown; ~ sózler inflated style words. +bántlik n. (jumısta) business, being busy (one's occupation). +bári pron. q. hámmesi. +báribir a. indifferent; maǵan ~ it is all the same to me; it makes no difference to me, I don't mind. +bárjay adv. ~ bolıw to settle, to arrange; to fix up; máseleni ~ etiw to settle a question (problem); ~ etiw to get settled, to be in a fair way. +bárha adv. always, constantly, permanently, as usual, usually. +bárhama 1. adv. more and more, from day to day; 2. a. constant, invariable, permanent. +báseki n. 1) bet; ~ etiw (yamasa básekilesiw) to bet, to lay a bet; 2) deposit; ~ge tigiw (beriw) to leave a deposit. +báslesiw I v. to argue.
II n. dispute, bet, argue, debate. +báhár n. spring, spring time; erte ~ early spring; ~de in spring; ád. springtide. +báhárgi a. spring-time; ~ egis spring sowing. +begemot n. zool. hippopotamus. +bede n. bot. 1) alfalfa, lucerne; 2) clover; ~ paya clover-field. +bedel n. authority, power, plenary powers. +beden n. body. +bez n. anat. gland; ishki sekreciya ~leri endocrine glands; shemirshek ~i thyroid cartilage. +bezgek n. med. malaria; fever. +bezew I v. decorate, beautify.
II n. decoration, ornament. +beziw v. to refuse, to decline. +bekitiw v. lock, shut, close. +bekkem 1. a. durable; firm; stable; ~ tınıshlıq lasting peace; 2. adv. strong(ly), firm(ly); ~ uslaw to hold fast (tight). +bekkemleniw v. become stronger; fortify one's position (at, in); become fixed. +bekkemlew v. strengthen; fix; fasten (with); consolidate, fortify. +bel I n. waist, loins; ~ buwarǵa shekem waist-deep (suw); waist-high (gúl, ot); qıpsha ~ slender waist; ~den qushaqlaw to put one's arm round somebody's waist.
II n. spade, shovel. +belbew n. belt, sash, waist-band. +belgi n. 1. sign, mark, note, emblem, signal; ~ qoyıw to note, to mark; soraw ~si gram. question mark; tınıs ~si gram. punctuation mark; mat. teńlik ~si sign of equality; 2) symptom, evidence; kos. ushıwǵa tayınlıq ~si ready signal. +belgilew v. plan, project, contemplate, mark. +belgili a. certain; ~ shárayatta under certain conditions; belgilengen planeta destination planet; belgilengen orbita destined orbit. +belgisiz a. 1) inexact; inaccurate; 2) indefinite; vague; uncertain; ~ artikl gram. indefinite article; ol ~ it is unknown; maǵan ~ I am not aware (of). +belli int. bravo!; well done!, fine fellow!, fine girl (hayal haqqında)! +bellik n. strap (kiyimniń). +belarus n., a. Belorussian; ~ tili the Belorussian language. +belgiyalı n. Belgian. +bende n. prisoner, captive; ~ etip (yamasa tutqınǵa) alıw to captivate; to take into prison. +benzin n. benzine; (avtomobil ushın) petrol. +beri adv. here; ~ kel come here!; bes kunnen ~ during five days, for five days; men onı yanvardan ~ kórgenim joq I have not seen him (her) since January. +beriw v. 1) give; qarız ~ lend; dári ~ to give a medicine; zıyapat ~ to give (a) dinner (supper); koncert ~ to give a concert; sabaq ~ to give a lesson; telegramma ~ to send a telegram (to), to send a wire; 2) let, allow; oǵan sóz bermedik we did not let him speak; sóz ~ to give smb. the floor; wáde ~ to give (pledge) one's word; razılıq ~ to give one's consent (to); jol ~ to make way (for); orın (jay) ~ to make room (for); huquq ~ to give the right; 3) yield (ónim); bring in (payda); (kóp) payda ~ to bring in (good, big) returns; ónim ~ to yield fruit, to bear fruit; oqıw oǵan payda berdi learning was of benefit (use) to him; bul oǵan payda bermedi he derived no benefit from it; zıyan ~ to make a sacrifice. +bes num. card. five; ~ baha alıw to get a five, (joqarı baha alıw) to get an excellent mark; ~ ball sisteması five point marking system; ~ múyesh n. mat. pentagon; ~ múyeshli pentagonal, five cornered. +besewi num. card. five (five of); olardıń tek ~ǵana keldi only five of them have come. +besinshi num. ord. fifth; ~ jıl the fifth Year; ~ ay the fifth month; ~ yanvar (fevral) the fifth of January (February), January (February) the fifth; ~ bet (bap) page (chapter) five; ~ nomer number five; size five (razmer haqqında); ol besinde he is in his fifth year. +bet n. 1) face; ~ine qaraw to look in the face; 2) countenance; appearance; 3) page; bos (jazılmaǵan) ~ blank (white) page; enli ~ broad page; uzaytılǵan ~ deep page; oń jaqtaǵı ~ recto page; ~tiń maketi sample page; betme-bet ashıw v. to turn over the pages (of); 4) surface. +beter adv. worse; bes ~ bolıw to go from bad to worst. +beton n. mex. concrete; ~ qalaw to pour concrete. +betonlaw v. concrete. +behi n. bot quince (daraq hám miywesi). +biz pron. pers. we; ~iń our; ~di, ~ge us (to us); ~den (from) us. +biyazar a. inoffensive, harmless. +biybastaq a. 1) ungovernable, uncontrollable; ~ bolıp ketiw to get out of hand; 2) undisciplined, unorganized, dissipated. +biybelgi a. 1) unknown; ~ bolıw to be unacquainted (with); 2) inexact, inaccurate; 3) indefinite; vague; uncertain. +biygana 1. a. strange, foreign, alien; 2. n. stranger, foreigner, alien. +biyǵam a. negligent, careless, slovenly. +biyǵamlıq. n. carelessness. +biyday n. wheat; ~dıń unı flour; gúzlik ~ winter wheat; jazlıq ~ summer wheat. +biydayreń a. dark; ~ qız (hayal) dark girl (woman). +biydayzar n., a. field of wheat. +biye n. mare. +biyiklik n. height. +biykar a. 1) idle; vain; ~ otırıw to sit idly; in vain, to no purpose; ~ waqıt (lar)da in one's spare time; ~ etiw to cancel, to abrogate to abolish; shártnamanı ~ etiw to annul a treaty; ~ ketiriw to waste; ~ gap taratıw to chit-chit!; ~ etiw abolishment; waqıttı ~ǵa ótkiziw to idle away one's time; ~ǵa adv. 1) to no purpose, for nothing, vain; 2) wrongfully; siz ~ bunday deysiz you shouldn't say that; siz onı ~ ayıplaysız you accuse him wrongfully; biykardan ~ǵa in vain. +biykarshı n. 1) idler, loafer, lazy-bones; 2) holiday-maker. +biykesh n. sister-in-law. +biyqolay a. uncomfortable; inconvenient. +biylik n. authority, power, plenary powers. +biymaza a. tasteless, unsavory, unpalatable, nasty. +biymálel 1. adv. quietly, calm, easily, with ease, loose(ly); 2. a. late, tardy, out of time. +biymezgil a. q. biymáhál. +biypárwa a. light-headed, careless; (ómir haqqında) carefree, untroubled, indifferent. +biypárwalıq n. indifference. +biypayan a. boundless, wide, immense, unbounded. +biypayanlıq n. boundlessness, wideness. +biypám a. muddle-headed, stupid; ~ adam block-head (person). +biyorın a. out of place; unbased. +biytap a. ill, sick; ~ (bolıp) jatıw to be ill (with); awız. to be down (with), to be ailing. +biytárep a. neutral; ~ etiw to neutralize, to render neutral. +biywaqıt a. 1. untimely; premature; ~ ólim premature death; 2. tardy, out of time, inopportune. +biywapa a. incredible, unbelievable. +biywatan n. homeless, shelterless. +biywatanlı n. q. biywatan. +biywáj a. causeless, groundless, motiveless. +biyxabar a. uninformed, ill-informed, unaware (of). +biyhuwda a. useless; waqıttı, puldı ~ sarıp etiw to waste of time, money. +biyhuwsh ~ bolıw drowsiness; unconsciousness. +biyshara a. awz. poor; helpless; ~ bala poor boy, helpless boy, poor thing. +bildiriw I v. 1) inform, notify; (rásmiy túrde) minnetdarlıq ~ to thank; bul neni bildiredi? what does it mean?; 2) express.
II n. information, announcement, notice. +bildirmesten adv. on the quiet, secretly; in hiding. +bile ~ turıp (~ tura) wittingly. +bilek n. wrist. +bilezik n. bracelet, bangle. +bilet n. 1) ticket; tramvay ~i tram ticket; poezd ~i railway ticket; kiriw ~i ticket of admittance, entrance ticket, card; imtixan ~i examination paper; barıw hám qaytıw ~i return ticket; tek barıw (yamasa tek qaytıw) ~i single ticket; shaqırıq ~ invitation card; imtixan ~i question card, examination paper; barlıq ~ler satılǵan all seats are sold; all seats sold (jazıp qoyǵanda); 2) (gúwalıq retinde) card; partiya ~i Party card; profsoyuz ~i trade-union card; kredit ~i banknote; 3) ~ kassası booking-office (temir jolda); box-office (teatrda). +biletshi n. ticket collector, ticket controller. +bilim n. knowledge, erudition; education; júzeki ~ superficial knowledge; ~ beriw to educate; ~ alıw to acquire knowledge, to get educated; ~ jurtı educational institution. +bilimlendiriw n. education; instruction, teaching, training, tutoring; learning, study; ~ ministrligi Ministry of Education; xalıq ~i public education; esaplaw mashinası boyınsha ~ education of computer; teoriya boyınsha ~ academic education; ulıwma keń ~ comprehensive education; óndirislik hám joqarı bilimnen ~ cooperative education (AQShta); sandwich course (Br.); baslanǵısh ~ elementary education; ulıwma ~ general education; orta ~ high education; joqarı ~ higher education; jumıs dáwirinde (kúndelikli jumıs waqtında) ~ in-service education; bilimin jetilistiriw boyınsha yamasa aspiranturada ~ postgraduate education; oqıtıwshılıq qánigeshiligine (tayarlaw) ~ pre-service education; baslawısh mektep oqıtıwshısına (tayarlaw) ~ pre-service elementary education; orta mektep oqıtıwshısına (tayarlaw) ~ pre-service secondary education; primary education; orta ~ secondary education; texnikalıq ~ technical education; joqarı ~ (~diń úshinshi gezegi) tertiary education; arnawlı ~ vocational education. +bilimli a. learned, scholarly, erudite, skilful; <> ~ bel talmas (Maqal) knowledge is power. +bilimpaz n. scientist; scholar; learned person. +bilimsiz a. uneducated, illiterate, unlearned, ignorant; <> ~ kúsheniw beldi sındırar (Maqal) zeal without knowledge is runaway horse. +bilimsizlik n. ignorance, illiteracy. +biliw I v. know, learn, be aware (of); be acquainted (with); have a knowledge (of); óz qádirin ~ to know one's own value; men onı bes barmaǵımday bilemen I know him like a bob; meniń ~imshe as far as 1 know.
II n. knowledge, learning, cognition; ~ teoriyası theory of knowledge. +biliniw v. be revealed; come to light; be discovered; be found; be known. +bilqastan adv. wittingly. +bilyard n. billiards; ~ oyını game of billiards. +bina ~ bolıw (~ǵa keliw) to be created, arise; ~ qılıw to create, to found (bilim, pikir, teoriya haqqında). +binokl n. binocular(s), pair of glasses; teatr ~i opera-glass(es) (pl.); dala ~i field-glass(es) (pl.). +bint n. bandage. +biograf n. biographer. +biografiya n. biography. +biografiyalıq a. biographical. +biologiya 1. n. biology; 2. a. biological. +biofizika n. biophysics. +bioximik n. biochemist. +bir I num. card, one; olardan ~i one of them; ~inen keyin biri one after another; ~ awızdan with one voice; olar ~ úyde turadı they live in the same house; ol ~ ózi edi (jalǵız) he was quite alone (yamasa quite by himself); ~ bet qaǵaz a sheet of paper.
II pron. some; ~ kúnleri, ~ gezde some days. +biraz pron. indef. some (any); a few (sanalatuǵın atlıq sózlerdiń aldında qollanıladı); a little (sanalmaytuǵın atlıq sózlerdiń aldında qollanıladı). +biraq cj. but, and. +birge adv. together; usınıń menen ~ together with (this). +birgelik n. together; sharing; ~te together, jointly. +birǵana pron. defin. only one. +birdey adv. 1) equally; identical (with), the same (as); evenly; on a level (with), on equal footing; just as; like; ~ ósiw to develop evenly; basqalar menen ~ as others; alongside with others; 2) always, all the time. +birdem a. solidary, unanimous. +birdemlik n. solidarity, unanimity; ~ penen unanimously. +birden adv. suddenly, abruptly; all of a sudden (qápelimde). +bireń-sarań a., adv. partial(ly). +birew pron. indef. someone, somebody, anybody, anyone (soraw gápte); kimde-bir ~ somebody else; ~diki somebody else's; another; bul ~diń kitabı it is somebody else's book. +birewlep adv. one by one, one after another. +birigiw v. 1) unite (with), join hands (with); 2) xim. combine. +birikpe n. 1) joining, junction; 2) xim., mat. combination; 3) gram. combination; sóz ~si word combination; word-group. +biriktiriliw v. be joined, be united, connected, be tied. +biriktiriw I v. unite, consolidate, amalgamate; resurslardı ~ to pool resources; kúshti ~ to combine efforts.
II n. unification, amalgamation, joining up. +birinshi num. ord. first; ~ yanvar the first of January; ~ bet page one; ~ bap chapter one; ~ qabat (etaj) ground floor; ~ oqıwshı first pupil, best pupil; ~ (bolıp) barıw to lead, to head; ~ (bolıp) aytıw to be the first to say; ~ járdem first aid; ~ irette in the first place; instance; ~si the former. +birinshilik n. (sport.) championship; personal; komanda ~gi team championship; ~ti alıw (iyelew) to take (the) first place (in); futbol boyınsha ~ football championship. +birlesiw v. unite, join; +birlesken a. united (uyım haqqında), amalgamated; Birlesken Milletler Shólkemi United Nations Organization (UNO); ~ profsoyuz amalgamated union. +birlik n. 1. unity; maqset ~gi identity (unity) of purpose; 2. gram. singular. +birneme pron. something, anything (soraw gápte). +birpás adv. moment, instant; ~te in a twinkling of an eye, in a moment; ~ten keyin soon, after, shortly; ~ (toqtap, paylap) turıń! wait a minute! +birtegis a. smooth; polished, unprinted, plain (gezleme). +blank n. form; ~ toltırıw to fill in a form. +blok n. block; áskeriy ~ war block. +blokada n. blockade; ~ járiyalaw to declare a blockade; ~nı (alıw) tarqatıw to raise the blockade; ~nı buzıw to run the blockade; kontinentallıq ~ tar. Continental system. +bloknot n. note-book, writing pad. +boz I a. new, virgin, long-fallow; ~ hám partaw jerler virgin and long fallow lands; ~ jerler virgin land, land that was never before put to plough.
II a. pale. +bozarıw v. be pale, become pale; turn (grow) pale. +boy n. height, stature; ~ı uzın high (tall) stature; adam ~ı as tall as a man, of man's height; <> boyıńa qarap ton pish (Naqal) cut your coat according to your cloth. +boydaq a. 1. unmarried, single; ~ erkek unmarried man, single man; ~ turmıs unmarried life, single life; 2. n. bachelor; eski ~ old bachelor; unmarried; widower (hayalı ólgen). +boyjetken a. adult, mature, fully grown; ~ qız an adult girl. +boylap adv. on, along; jol (soqpaq) ~ barıw to walk, to drive along the road (the path); mámleket ~ sayahat jasaw to journey through the country. +boylı a. q. boy. +boyra n. a mat made of cane. +boysınıw v. obey; depend (on), be dependent (on). +boyshań a. a tall, of large stature +boyınsha adv. 1) by according to, according (in), in according (of); buyrıq ~ by order; másláhat ~ on (according) to the consultation; adres ~ to the address; 2) throughout; dunya júzi ~ throughout the world. +boks n. boxing; pugilism (mamanlıq mánisinde). +boksshi n. sport. boxer, pugilist. +bolajaq a. future. +bolar adv. enough, sufficiently; that is enough, that will do. +bolasınlı a. 1) full, well, grown; 2) tall. +bolıw v. 1) be, happen; become; ol usı jerde (edi) boldı he was here; májbúr ~ to be obliged, to have to; gúwa ~ to be witness; siziń qálewińiz bolaǵoysın! Let it be as you wish!; <> tamam ~ to be over; <> máslik awhalda ~ to be in one's cups: <> bolar endi enough, stop; that will do; 2) attend, be present; 3) exist. +boldırtıw v. q. sharshatıw. +bolt n. tex. bolt; screw-bolt; ~tı qatırıw to bolt. +bolımsız a. negative; ~ forma negative form; mat. ~ san negative number. +bolıq a. 1) full well, grown; 2) tall. +bomba n. bomb; atom ~sı atomic bomb. +bombalaw I v. ásk. bombard, bomb;
II n. ásk. bombing, aerial bombardment; kos. jerdiń jasalma joldası arqalı ~ satellite bombing. +bort n. side, board; ~ında on board, aboard; ~ta alongside; alongside (of each other); ~tıń oń qaptalı starboard side; ~tıń shep qaptalı port side; ~tan asırıp taslaw to heave overboard, to throw overboard; ~tan shıǵarıp taslanıw to go by the board, to be thrown by the board; ~qa alıw to take on board; kemeniń ~ında (kemede) on board (the) ship; samolyottıń ~ında (samolyotta) on board the plane. +bortmexanik n. air mechanic. +boran n. storm, blizzard, snow-storm (a heavy fall of snow or rain, accompanied with a high wind); a tempest. +bos I a. 1) empty, hollow; (birew jasamaytuǵın) uninhabited; 2) vacant; ~ bólme (xana) a vacant room; <> ~ qıyallarǵa beriliw to be up in the clouds, to go woolgathering.
II n., a. 1. weak, poor, feeble (ilimgey zeyini) unsatisfactory; 2. adv. poorly, feebly. +bosaǵa n. 1) threshold; 2) approach. +bosań a. sluggish, slow; unable, weak, feeble; ~ adam slowcoach, laggard; ~ bala weak child; ~ rawajlanıw poor development. +bosatıw v. 1) dismiss, discharge; 2) set free, to free, release, liberate (from), excuse (from) (wazıypadan); clear out (bólmeni); 3) untie, disengage. +bosaw v. 1) become empty, become deserted; 2) free oneself, get free, leave the service, resign; 3) soften. +bosasıw v. soften, relent; begin to show mercy; become less severe. +bosqa a., adv. vain; in vain; ~tan-~qa in vain; waqıttı ~ ótkeriw to waste time; tex. idle, dummy; ~ júrgiziw (motordı) idling. +boslıq n. 1) disengagedness, unoccupied state; 2) lack of strength, solidity; 3) simple tastes; 4) simplicity, space, area. +bostan n. garden, flower-garden. +botanik n. botanist. +botanika n. botany; ~ baǵı botanical gardens (pl.). +botinka n. boots, high shoes (amer.); bootees (hayaldiki); ~ bawı shoe-laces. +botqa n. gruel, porridge; mess. +bochka n. 1) barrel, cask; tune (vinonıń úlken bochkası); tub (kishkene); 2) av. roll; <> ~day ishiw (ol ~day ishedi) (to) drink like a fish. +boyaw I v. paint; kóylekti ~ to dye, to dye one's shirt.
II n. 1) paint; may ~ oil-paint (pl); oil-colours, dye; 2) (reń) colour; ~ beriw to colour, to paint; 3) painting; (kiyimdi) dyeing. +boyawshı n. 1. 1) painter; 2) dyer; 2.: kóz ~ deceiver, cheat fraud, trickster, eyemasher. +bógeliw n. hitch. +bóget n. dam; ~ basıw to dam. +bóz n. tekst. (material) cotton fabric; canvas, linen, flax, cloth, sack cloth, sacking. +bózshi n. weaver, fabric weaver; <> bózshi belbewge jarımas (Maqal) a shoemaker's children go barefoot. +bólek 1. n. l) part; 2) piece, bit, scrap, lump; 2. a. 1) separate, individual; 2) another; bunnan ~ (basqa) besides that (this). +bóleklengen n. 1) secluded; 2) parted, separated, divided. +bólew v. (balanı) swaddle; swathe; wrap up; ~ jórgekleri swaddling clothes. +bólik n. division, distribution. +bólim n. 1) department; kadrler ~i personnel department; 2) (kitap) section; 3) division; 4) part, share; 5) ásk. unit. +bólinbes a. indivisible, unshared; ~ fond (kolxozda) indivisible (unshared) funds. +bóliniw v. 1) divide (into; sanǵa by); dárya eki jaqqa bólinedi the river divides into two arms; bes úshke bólinbeydi five will not divide (into) by three; altı ekige bólinedi six is divisible by two; 2) be divided, be separated, be shared. +bóliniwshi n. mat. dividend. +bólistiriw v. divide, distribute, share. +bólisiw v. 1) share (smth., with smb.); 2) tell (smb. smth.) communicate (smth. to smb.); impart (smth. to smb.); confide (smth. to smb.) (jasırın nárseni, uwayımdı); 3) tájiriybesin ~ to share one's experiences (with). +bóliw I v. 1) divide (teń among; ekige between); shaqaplarǵa, gruppalarǵa ~ to divide into parts, groups; sanǵa ~ to divide by a number; jigirmanı beske ~ (20 : 5) to divide twenty by five; teń (jarı) ~ to halve, to take half each, to go halves; to go fifty-fifty (aqshanı, jumıstı); birew menen bólisiw to share with smb.; ol onıń menen qayǵını, quwanıshtı birge bólisti he shared (his) their grief, joy; teppe-teń ~ to divide into equal parts; to divide (to share out) equally, to share and share alike (birew menen); 2) geolog. disrupt.
II n. 1) division; kletkalardı ~ biol. cell-division, fission; 2) geolog. disruption. +bólme n. room; juwınatuǵın ~ bathroom; ~ni jıynastırıw (tazalaw) to do a room, to tidy a room; ~niń temperaturası room temperature. +bólshek n. mat. fraction. +bólsheklew n. divide into parts; impart. +bóren n. log. +bóri n. wolf; urǵashı ~ she-wolf; ~ balası wolf-cub; <> qoy terisin búrkengen bóri a wolf in sheep's clothing; <> bóriniń jesede, jemesede awızı qan (Maqal) he that once deceives is never suspected. +bórik n. cap; jún ~ fur cap; <> bórik al deseń, bas aladı (Maqal) give him an inch and he'll take an ell. +bórtiw v. swell (swelled, swollen). +bórttiriw v. exaggerate, overstate. +brezent n. tarpaulin. +brigada n. 1) brigade, team; isshiler ~sı brigade of workers, team of workers; 2) ásk. brigade teń. subdivision; tank ~sı tank brigade, armoured brigade; 3) t.j. crew; poezdlar ~sı train crew. +brigadir 1. n. brigade-leader; ásk. brigadier; 2. a. ~ general tar. brigadier-general. +brilliant n. diamond, brilliant. +brom n. xim. bromine; bromide (dári). +bronevik n. ásk. armoured car. +bronza 1. n. 1) bronze; 2) bronzes pl. (buyım); 2. a. bronzed (reń). +bronenosec n. 1) ásk., teń. battle-ship, iron-clad; 2) zool. armadillo. +bronepoezd n. ásk. armoured train. +bronx n. anat. bronchi; bronchia. +bronxit n. med. bronchitis. +broshyura n. booklet, pamphlet. +brus n. sport. parallel ~ler parallel bars. +buǵaq n. 1) med. goitre, goiter (amer.); 2) (quslarda) crop, craw; 3) fetter. +buǵawlaw v. fetter; to fasten with shackles. +buǵıw v. 1) get wet (jawında); 2) catch, be on the watch (for), be in wait (for). +budka n. box, cabin; stall; telefon ~sı telephone box; telephone booth (amer.); public call-box; qarawıl ~sı sentry-box; suflyordiń ~sı prompt-box; temir jol ~sı platelayer's cabin. +budilnik n. alarm-clock. +budır gidir-~ pock-marked (bette); chipped. +bujır 1. a. speckled, wrinkled, pock-marked; 2. n. chipped place (spot). +buzaw n. 1. calf (pl. calves); bull calf (tana); 2. a. ~ góshi veal; ~ góshiniń quwırdaǵı roast veal; ~ qora calf-house, calf-shed; ~ baǵıwshı calf herd. +buzawlaw v. calve; fawn. +buzawxana n. calf-house. +buzǵınshılıq n. instigation, incitement, setting-on. +buzıq a. 1) destroyed, ruined; 2) broken; 3) bad; hawa ~ bad (wretched, hasty) weather. +buzıqlıq n. 1) tártibi ~ immorality, dissoluteness; 2) niyeti ~ ill meaning. +buzılmas a. unbreakable, indivisible; ~ awqam unbreakable union. +buzılıw I v. 1) break, break down, pull down; 2) grow (become), corrupted, grow (become) depraved; 3) become worse; (awqam) go bad; 4) go to ruin, fail, fall to the ground.
II n. destruction, demolition; pútinley ~ complete destruction; urıstıń sebebinen ~ the ravages of war. +buzıw v. 1) destroy, demolish, wreck; (negizine) tiykarına shekem ~ to raze (to the ground); xalıq xojalıǵın ~ to wreck the national economy; urısta buzılǵan qalalar war-ravaged cities (towns); 2) break, pull down, disturb (tártipti ~); frustrate, blast, blight; den sawlıqtı ~ to ruin one's health; 3) spoil; disfigure; make smth. spoil; mangle; ishteydi ~ to spoil one's appetite; ish-saraydı ~ to upset the stomach; <> balanı (jaman tárbiya menen) ~ to spoil the child. +buzıwshı a. destructive, destroying; <> dáwirdiń ~ kúshleri wear and tear of time. +buyra a. curled; waved. +buyralaw v. wave, curl; shashtı ~ to wave one's hair; to have one's hair waved (yamasa curled). +buyıǵıw I v. slumber, doze.
II n. drowsiness, somnolence; ~ halında (buyıqqan hal) drowsiness; somnolence. +buyrıq n. order, ukase; ~ beriw to give an order, to issue an order; ~ alıw to recive an order; ~ etiw to order, to command; buyırıń! Say the word!; gram. ~ meyil imperative mood; kos. radio arqalı beriletuǵın ~ radio command. +buyım n. 1) thing; things; belongings; clothes; ~ qalta knap-sack; ~ qoyılatuǵın sklad store, warehouse; 2) thing, subject, implement, dish. +buyırıw v. 1) order, tell, charge (commission); birewge is ~ to employ smb. on some work; 2) prescribe (dári). +buyırtpa a. made to order; (kóylek, ayaq kiyim haqqında) made to measure. +buyırttırıw v. q. buyırıw. +buqqı n. ambush; ~ taslaw to make (yamasa to lay) an ambush; ~da jatıw to lie in ambush. +bul pron. demonstr. 1) this; ~ adam (kisi) this man; ~ jıl this year; ~ jerde here; 2) bunda in this, in it; bunnan from that and this. +bulaq n. 1) spring (water welling up from the earth); ~ suwı spring water; 2) sourer, origin. +buldıraw meniń kóz aldım buldıradı I was dazzled. +bulka n. roll; ~ nan roll bun. +bulman pron. demonstr. here. +bulshıq n. muscle. +bulıt n. cloud; aq ~ cloud; qara ~ black cloud; jawınlı ~ rainclouds; nimbi (ilimiy); ~tıń qatlamı stratus; ~ penen qaplanıw to be overcast, to be covered with clouds; fiz. juldızlı ~ star cloud. +bulıtlanıw v. to be covered with clouds; to be cloud covered; to be overcast. +bulıtlı a. cloudy. +bulvar n. avenue, boulevard. +buldozer n. bulldozer. +buldog n. bulldog. +bulon n. broth (sorpa); qaramal góshiniń ~ı beef-tea; tawıq góshiniń ~ı chicken broth. +bunda pron. demonst. here. +bunday a. 1) such; 2) so, thus, in such a way; ol ~ juwap berdi he answered thus (as follows), this is the answer he gave. +bunsha pron. some, many, little, much. +bunker n. bunker. +burama a. screw, spiral. +buramalı a. screw (attr.); spiral; ~ prujina spiral spring; ~ kesiw (screw) thread. +buraw I v. 1. twirl, turn round and round; 2. screw (into); 3.: saattı ~ wind.
II n. borer, drill. +burǵı n. borer. +burǵılaw v. bore, drill. +burqıraw v. 1) fall heavily (qar haqqında); fall in thick flakes; 2) morjadan burqırap tútin shıǵıp turıptı clouds of smoke are pouring out of the chimney; 3) flock, throng. +burjua n., a. bourgeois. +burjuaziya n. bourgeoisie; iri ~ upper (big) bourgeoisie; mayda ~ petty bourgeoisie; orta ~ middle bourgeoisie. +burılıs n. 1) turn(ing); (dáryaniki) bend, curve; dáryanıń, kósheniń ~ında at the bend of the river, road; 2) change; ullı ~ jılı the year of great changes. +burılıw v. turn round, turn; burılıp ketiw to turn away; burılıp qaraw to turn round; keyinge ~ to turn back; ońǵa ~ to turn (to the) right; ońǵa burılıń (ásk) Right turn!; arqaǵa burılıń! About turn! +burım n. curl, lock, ringlet. +burın adv. prep. 1) before, first; 2) before, ago. +burınǵı a. previous, former; ~ zamanda in the old days, in former times; ~ kun the day before yesterday. +burıw v. turn, change; kórsetkishti ~ (temirshilik isine tiyisli) to switch, shunt. +burısh n. pepper; qızıl ~ red-pepper. +burshaq n. hail; ~ jawıp tur it is hailing; <> ol ~-~ terlep tur he is sweating at very pore. +buryat n. Buryat. +buwlıǵıw v. wheeze; choke (with, down); jótelden ~ to choke (to suffocate) with coughing; ol jótelip buwlıǵıp atır his cough is choking (suffocating) him, he is choked by his cough, he has a suffocating cough; kúlkiden ~ to choke with laughter; ol ashıwlanıp buwlıǵıp atır he (she) is choking (suffocating) with anger; ol buwlıǵıp atır he cannot breathe; buwlıǵıp sóylew to speak hoarsely; buwlıǵıp jóteliw to have a fit of coughing; ashıw qısıp ~ to choke with anger; buwlıqqan dawıs penen strained voice. +buwrıl a. roan; ~ at roan (horse). +buwıw v. choke. +buwın n. 1) anat. joint; 2) generation; jas ~lar young generation; 3) gram. syllable. +bufet I n. 1) buffet; ~de tezden awqatlanıw to have a snack (to snack a hasty meal) at the buffet; 2) canteen (oqıw ornında hám mekemelerde); refreshment (snack) bar.
II cupboard; buffet (sháynek kese turatuǵın). +buxgalter n. book-keeper, accountant; bas ~ accountant general. +buxgalteriya n. 1) book-keeping; 2) accounts department; counting house. +buxgalterlik a. book-keeping (attr.), account (attr.); ~ orın ordinary debts (pl.); ~ kitap account book. +búgiw v. 1) fold; 2) bend, crook, curve; dize ~ to bend one's knees. +búgiliw v. 1) bend (down), bow (down), stoop. +búgin adv. today; usı ~ today; ~ ya erteń (on) the other day; ~nen baslap henceforth, beginning from today; ~ keshqurın this evening, to night; ~ ertelep this morning; ~ge jetedi that'll do for today. +búgingi adv. today's; ~ kunde to day, at present ~ gazeta today's issue of the newspaper. +búgis n. pleat; fold; plait, crease. +búgilgish a. fording, collapsible. +búyrek n. anat. kidney. +búkir a. round-shouldered, stooping, humpbacked, hunchbacked, crook-backed. +búkireyiw v. stoop. +búklem n. bent, stooping. +búkleme a. crooked, stooped; bent. +búklew v. fold (up); eki ~ to fold in two; gazetanı, xattı ~ to fold up a newspaper (a letter). +búlbil n. nightingale; ~diń sayrawı nightingale's song. +búliniw v. go to ruin, get (be) ruined; urısta búlingen qalalar war-ravaged cities, towns. +búrkeliw v. put on a mask. +búrkeniw v. cover oneself up, muffle (wrap) oneself up; be closed down, be covered up (over). +búrkew v. 1) cover; 2) muffle; 3) wrap up (kórpege); tuck up (in bed); 4) mask, disguise. +búrkit n. eagle; ~tiń balasi eaglet. +búrme n. 1) gathers, plait, crease, pleats; ~ kóylek pleated skirt; 2) pleated folding. +búrisken a. wrinkled. +búrisiw v. 1) screw one's face into wrinkles, make a wry face; 2) (kiyim haqqında) cockle, shrivel. +bılbıraw v. soften, grow soft. +bılǵastırıw v. mix, stir (up). +bılǵaw v. 1) wave (qol bılǵaw); wag; 2) stir up, make dull; suwdı ~ to stir up; 3) to trouble; 4) soil, dirty. +bıltır adv. last year. +bıraq cj. and, but. +byulleten n. 1) bulletin; densawlıq haqqında ~ medical bulletin; sick-list; 2)(saylawda) ballot-paper; 3) report. +byudjet 1. n. fin. budget; ~te qaraw to budget for smth.; ~tiń proekti budget estimates; ~tiń kiris bólimi revenue; ~tiń qárejet bólimi expenditure; ~tiń jıllıq (qollanılıwı) orınlanıwı financial results for the year; ~ten artıq jumsaw to overspend one's budget; 2. a. budgetary; ~ jılı fiscal year, budget year; ~ statiyası item in the budget. +byuro n. 1) bureau (pl. -eaux, -eaus) (mekemede, kárxanada); 2) office; maǵlıwmat beriwshi ~ inquiry office; telephone repairs service (dúzetiwshi); lost property (joǵalǵan zattı tabıw ushın); undertaker's office (jerlew); 3) shólkemlestiriwshi ~ organization bureau; 4) bureau, secretaire, writing-desk (mebel mánisinde). +byurokrat n. bureaucrat, red-tapist; pedant. +byurokratizm n. bureaucratism, red tape. +byust n. bust. +vagon n. wagon, carriage (passajirlar ushın), coach, car; ~ restoran dining-car, restaurant car; jumsaq ~ soft-seated car riage, upholstered carriage; qattı ~ hardseated carriage; uyqlaw ushın (arnalǵan) ~ sleeping-car; amer. sleeper awız.; xalıq aralıq ~ first class sleeper; shılım shegiwshiler ushın ~ smoking-carriage; smoker; (yamasa shılım shekpeytuǵınlar ushın ~) non-stoker; júk ~ı luggage van, baggage car, goods van; goods truck (ashıq); freight car (amer.); ~ platforma flat wagon, flat-car, platform-car (amer.); tramvay ~nı tram-car, street-car trolley (amer.); balalar ~nı children's carriage (on train). +vagonetka n. wagonette; trolley, truck. +vaza n. vase; gúl ~sı flower bowl, flower vase; miywe ~si fruit bowl. +vazelin n. vaseline; med. liquid paraffin. +vakcina n. med. vaccine. +val I n. billow, roller; barrage, swell;
II n. mex. shaft; privodlıq ~ driving shaft. +valentli a. xim. valent; úsh ~ trivalent. +valentlik n. xim. valency. +vals muz. waltz; valsqa túsiw to waltz. +valyuta n. valuta, currency. +vanna n. bath; quyash ~sı sunbath; ~ qabıl etiw to have (take) a bath; balshıq ~ mud bath. +variant n. variant, version; hár túrli ~lar various variants. +vatt n. el. watt. +vattmetr n. wattmeter. +vaxta n. 1) watch; tınıshlıq ~sı Peace shift (shift or job done in the name of world peace); ~da turıw to keep watch; to be on the watch; 2) messenger (of the watch). +vedomost n. list, register; record, gazette. +velosiped 1. n. bicycle; bike; tricycle; ~ miniw to bicycle; to cycle; 2. a.: ~ sportı cycle racing; cycling. +velosipedshi n. bicyclist, wheelman, cyclist. +vengr n. Hungarian; ~ tili the Hungarian language. +vena n. anat. vein; ~nıń bórtiwi phlebitis; ~nıń keńeyiwi varicose veins. +Venera n. astr. Venus. +venerolog n. med. venerologist. +venerologiya n. med. venerology. +venecian n. Venetian. +venesuelali a., n. Venezuelan. +ventilyator n. ventilator, fan. +ventilyaciya n. ventilation. +vermishel n. vermicelli. +vertikal I a. acmp. vertical line.
II n. vertical. +vestibyul n. entrance-hall, lobby. +veteran n. veteran; old stager; urıs ~ları war veterans. +veterinar n. veteriniarian, veterinary (surgeon); vet. +veterinariya a. veterinary; veterinary science; veterinary medicine; ~ institutı veterinary institute. +veterinariyalıq a. veterinary; ~ punkt veterinary station; ~ emlew ornı veterinary clinic, surgery clinic. +veshalka n. 1) peg, rack, stand, flap, tag; 2) tab, hanger. +vzvod n. ásk. 1) platoon, section, troop. +vznos n. payment; (aǵzalıq) fee, due; aǵzalıq ~ı membership dues (pl.); party dues (pi.); gezektegi ~ installment; kiriw ~sı entrance fee; profsoyuz ~sı trade-union dues (pl.). +vino 1. n. wine; ~ spirti spirit of wine; spirits; liquor; dánnen (nannan) islengen ~ vodka; taza ~ green, new wine; ~ ishiw to drink wine; ~ ishkiziw to make someone drink wine; 2. a.: ~ islewshi (sharap islewshi) wine maker; distiller; ~ satıwshı wine-merchant; ~ sawdası wine trade; ~ dúkanı wineshop, wine-store (amer.). +vinoshılıq 1. n. wine-making; distillation; 2. a. distilling; ~ zavodı distillery. +vint n. screw; ~ti qatırıw to screw; ~ti ashıw (bosatıw) to screw (up); ornatıw ~i adjusting screw, set screw; kóteriwshi ~ jack screw; uslawshı ~ stop screw. +vintovka n. q. mıltıq. +vitamin n. biol. vitamin. +vitaminli a. vitaminic; rich in vitamin content; rich in vitamins. +vitrina n. 1) show-case, glass-case, show-window; 2) (shop) window. +vice ~-prezident n. vice-president; ~-admiral vice-admiral; ~-korol vice-roy; ~-konsul vice-consul. +vodorod 1. n. xim. hydrogen; 2. a. hydrogenous, hydrogen (attr.); ~ bombası hydrogen bomb; H-bomb. +vodoprovod 1. n. water-pipe, water-line; water-piping; water-main (magistral); water-supply; qalalıq ~ urban water-supply; ~lı jay house with running water; 2. a.: ~ jolı water-supply; ~ stanciyası waterworks; ~ trubası water-pipe; ~ magistralı water-main. +vodoprovodshı n. plumber. +vodolaz n. 1) diver; 2) Newfoundland (iyt); ~dıń kostyumı diving-dress; ~dıń qońırawı diving-bell; ~dıń bas kiyimi diver's helmet. +vokal a. vocal. +vokzal n. (railway) station; dárya ~ı riverside station. +voleybol n. volleyball; ~ oynaw to play volley-ball; ~ oyınshı volley-ball player; ~ komandası volleyball-team. +volt n. fiz. volt. +voltmetr n. voltmeter. +voronka n. funnel. +vrach n. doctor, physician; hayal ~ woman doctor; áskeriy ~ medical officer; tis ~ı dentist; ~ shaqırıw to call the doctor. +vulkan n. volcano pl. volcanoes; janıp turǵan ~ active volcano; toqtap qalǵan ~ dormant volcano; óship qalǵan ~ extinct volcano. +vulgar a. vulgar; ~ adam n. vulgarian. +vulgarizm n. vulgarism. +vıgovor n. 1. reproof, wegging; talking to; 2. ásk. reprimand; ~ beriw reprimand, to rebuke. +gavan n. harbour, haven; ~da toqtaw to harbour. +gaz n. gas; partlawshı ~ detonating gas; buwıwshı ~ suffocating gas; choke-damp; ~ xalınıń teńlemesi gas law. +gazeta n. newspaper, paper; ~nıń búgingi sanı today's issue of the newspaper; ~ǵa jazılıw to subscribe for a newspaper; ~ǵa jazılıwshı newspaper subscriber; ~ oqıwshı newspaper reader. +gazzap n. q. gezzap. +gazlandırıw v. gasify +gazlı a. gassy. +gayka n. female (interior); nut; screw. +galantereya n. fancy goods, haberdashery; ~ dúkanı haberdasher's shop. +galereya n. gallery. +galliy n. xim. gallium. +galosh n. galosh. +galstuk n. tie, neck-tie; scarf. +gamma fiz.: ~ nurları gamma rays. +garaj n. garage. +garantiya n. q. kepillik. +garderob n. 1) cloakroom (kiyim sheshiw ornı); 2) wardrobe (kiyim shkafı). +garmoniya n. harmony. +garmon n. accordion. +garmonshi n. 1) harmonist (kompozitor); 2) accordion (concertina) player. +garnizon n. garrison. +gastrol n. tour; ~ǵa shıǵıw (barıw) to go on a tour. +gastronom I. n. gastronomer; 2. a. gastronomical; ~ magazin grocery and provision shop. +gastronomiya n. gastronomy, groceries and provision. +gastrit n. gastritis. +gáp n. 1. speech, talk, conversation; 2. gram. sentence. +gápshil a. eloquent, silver-tongued. +gápshillik n. eloquence. +gáwhar n. pearl (s); ~ qıdırıwshı pearl diver. +gvardiya n. guard(s). +gvardiyashı n. guardsman. +gedey n. 1. beggar, pauper, a poor man; ~ bolıw to grow poor; 2. a. ~ adam a poor man. +gedeylik n. beggarliness, pauperism, beggary. +gezende 1. a. vagrant, restless; 2. n. tramp, vagrant, hobo (amer.); 3. hooligan, ruffian, homeless (boy). +gezendelik n. vagrancy, idleness, vagabondage. +gezzap n. swindler; ~ shılıq etiw to swindle; to fraud. +gezleme n. tekst. (textile, woven) fabric, cloth, stuff. +geziw v. 1. wander; 2. stroll. +gegirdek n. throat; (tamaqta) gegirdekte turıp qalıw to stick in one's throat. +geyde adv. sometimes, at times, now. +gektar n. hectare. +gelle n. q. bas. +general I n. general;
II a. general; ~ plan general plan. +general-leytenant n. lieutenant-general. +general-mayor n. major-general. +general-polkovnik n. colonel-general. +genetika n.genetics. +genetikalıq a. genetic; ~ izertlew genetic research; ~ tásir genetic effect. +geniy n. genius (-ies), talent. +geografiya n. geography. +geografiyalıq a. geographical. +geodeziya n. geodesy. +geokosmologiya n. geocosmology. +geologik a. geological. +geolog n. geologist. +geologiya n. geology. +geometriya n. geometry. +geometriyalıq a. geometric(al). +geofizik a. geophysical. +geofizika n. geophysics. +geoximiya n. geochemitry. +gerb n. arms, coat of arms, blazon; mámleket ~i the State Emblem, the National Emblem. +gerbish n. brick; pisken ~ (baked) brick; ~ zavodı brickworks; brick-field. +gerbli a. stamped, heraldic; ~ marka stamp. +gereń 1. n. deaf; ~ hám saqaw deaf and dumb; 2. a.: ~ adam a deaf man; bir qulaǵı ~ deaf of an ear. +gereńlik n. deafness. +gemoglobin n. biol. haemoglobin. +german 1. n. German, Teuton; 2. a. Germanic, Teutonic; ~ tilleri Germanic languages. +gertik (belgi) n. notch, incision. +gewde n. 1) body; 2) substance; 3) corpse. +gewdeli a. tall, stalwart, big. +gewek n. hollow. +gewlew v. dig, dig up; rummage. +geshir n. carrot. +gibrit n. cross-breed, hybrid. +gigiena n. hygiene. +gidrolog n. hydrologist. +gidrologiya n. hydrology. +gidrostanciya n. water-power station. +gidroelektrostanciya n. hydroelectric power station. +gilem n. carpet, rug; ~ toqıw to carpet; ~ tósew to lay a carpet. +gilt n. key. +gimn n. hymn, anthem; mámleketlik ~ national anthem. +gimnazist n. secondary-school boy, high-schoolboy. +gimnaziya n. secondary-school, high school, public school, grammar school. +gimnast n. gymnast. +gimnastyorka n. field-shirt. +gimnastika I n. gymnastics; ~ zalı gymnasium (pl. -siums, -sia);
II a. gymnastic; ~ oyınları gymnastic exercises. +giperbola n. 1) mat. hyperbola (pl. -lae, -las); 2) ád. hyperbole (asıra kórsetiw, lap). +giyne n. offence; ~ etiw to be offended. +gina n. 1) blame; 2) fault; birewge ~ taǵıw to lay the blame at smb.'s door; to lay blame on someone. +giyya n. vegetation, verdure, green, grass; shıpalı ~ medicinal (herbs). +gipnoz n. hypnosis, mesmerism; ~ qılıw to hypnotize, to mesmerize. +gipnozshı n. hypnotizer, mesmerist. +gipoteza n. hypothesis. +gips n. gyps, gyps(um). +girdap n. 1. whirlpool, gulf, chasm; teńiz girdabı the deep. +girew n. pledge; security; ~ge (qoyıw) beriw to pawn; to put in pledge. +gitar n. guitar. +globus n. globe; jer sharınıń ~i a terrestrial globe. +glyukoza n. glucose, dextrose. +gollandiyalı 1. n. Dutchman, the Dutch; ~ tili the Dutch language; 2. a. Dutch; ~ pech tiled stove; ~ sırı Dutch cheese. +gorizontal a. horizontal. +gospoja n. 1) lady; Mrs. (am penen biriktirgende); ~ Pintner Mrs. Pintner; Miss (ersiz hayalǵa); 2) mistress. +gospital n. (military) hospital; dala ~ı field hospital, mobile hospital. +gózzal a. beautiful, handsome, fine. +gózzallıq n. beauty, charm; tábiyat gózzallıǵı the charm (beauty) of nature. +gór n. grave; <> bir ayaǵı ~de bir ayaǵı jerde to have one's foot in the grave; ~ qazıwshı grave-digger. +górtıshqan n. mole. +góristan n. graveyard, cemetery, burial ground, churchyard. +gósh n. flesh, meat; qoy ~i mutton; mal ~i beef; búzaw ~i veal; tawıq ~i poultry chicken; ~ kombinatı meat-packing plant. +góshli a. meaty, fleshy, pulpy, beefy. +góshsiz (arıq) a. without meat, thin. +gradus n. degree; keshe 10 gradus suwıq boldı It was 10 degrees of frost yesterday. +grajdan n. citizen. +gramm n. gramme, gram. +grammatika n. grammar; ~ sabaqlıǵı grammar book. +granata n. ask. high explosive shell; qol ~sı grenade. +grafik n. graph, diagram, time-table, schedule. +grafin n. water bottle, carafe; flagon; decanter (vino ushın). +grek n. Greek; ~ tili the Greek language. +grelka n. hot-water bottle, footwarmer. +gripp n. med. influenza; grippe; flu (awız.); ol ~ (ol ~ penen awırǵan) he has the flu. +grossmeyster n. grandmaster, grand chess-master. +gruzin n. Georgian; ~ tili the Georgian language; ~ler the Georgians. +gruzovik n. lorry; amer. truck. +gruppa a. group, cluster, clump; ~larǵa bóliw to group; ~larǵa bóliniw to group, to be grouped; saylandı ~ achievement(-level) group; erjetkenler ~sı adult education group; oqıw ~sı education group; tájiribe qoyılǵan oqıw ~sı experimental (sample) group; bólinip oqıtılatuǵın oqıw ~sı paired group; praktikalıq jumıslardı ótkeretuǵın ~ participation group; arnawlı programma menen oqıtılatuǵın ~ program(me) group. +gudok n. hooter. +gumanizm n. humanism. +gumanist n. humanist. +gumanitarlıq a. humanitarian. +gumanistlik n. humanistic. +gúbelek n. butterfly. +gúdikleniw v. apprehend. +gúdiklendiriw v. to suspect. +gúdik n. misgiving; apprehension; suspicion. +gúdikli a. suspicious. +gúz n. autumn; fall (amer.); kesh ~ late autumn; ~de in autumn. +gúzgi a. autumn(al). +gúze n. pitcher, jug. +gúlistan n. flower garden. +gúllán pron. all, everything, everyone, everybody. +gúlleniw v. 1) blossom, bloom; to break into blossom; 2) thrive. +gúllew v. 1) flower, bloom, blossom; 2) flourish. +gúzet n. guard(s). +gúzetiwshi I n. guardsman;
II n. observer, watcher, watchman. +gúzetiw v. to stand on guard, watch, oversee. +gúkirt n. match. +gúl n. flower, bloom, blossom; ~ ıdısı flowerpot; ~ atızları 1) flower garden; 2) parterre, flower-bed; ~dáste bunch of flowers, bouquet nosegay; ~ ósiriwshilik floriculture. +gúldirlew v. thunder. +gúldirmama n. thunderstorm. +gúlshember n. garland, wreath. +gúlǵumsha n. bud, flower bud. +gúlshi n. 1) floriculturist, flower maker; 2) florist, flower seller (gúl satıwshı); flowerman. +gúlxan n. bonfire, campfire. +gúlxana n. 1) parterre; flower house; 2) hot house. +gúmbez n. cupola, dome; aspan ~i the dome of the sky, the heavenly dome. +gúmanlanıw v. suspect; to be suspicious. +gúmansız adv. undoubtedly, doubtless, without any doubt. +gúmis n. silver; ~ penen qaplaw to silver, to silver-plate; ~ buyımları silverware; ~ qasıq silver spoon; ~ tis silver tooth. +gúmanlı a. questionable, doubtful. +gúna n. 1. sin; 2. fault; ~ qılıw to sin. +gúnakar n. sinner. +gúnde n. hoe; ~ menen jer súriw (aydaw) to hoe. +gúnjara n. oil cake sg. +gúng 1. a. dumb, deathly-still, mute; 2. n. dumb man, mute. +gúńgirt n. darkness, gloom. +gúrek n. 1. wooden spade, scoop, shovel; 2. anat. shoulder blade. +gúres n. 1. struggle, fight; klasslıq ~ class struggle; 2. sport. wrestling; francuzsha ~ greco-roman wrestling; erkin ~ free style wrestling. +gúresshi n. 1. fighter (for), champion (of); 2. sport. wrestler (palwan). +gúresiw v. 1. fight (with, against); struggle (with, against); battle (with, against); 2. sport. wrestling. +gúrildew v. 1. flame, blaze, glow, burn; 2. hoot. +gúrish n. rice. +gúrkirew v. thunder, clatter clank. +gúrriń I n. conversation, talk.
II n. story, tail, narration; ~ etiw to tell; to relate, to narrate. +gúrrińlesiw v. talk. +gúrrińpaz a. eloquent, silver-tongued. +gúrrińshi n. narrator, story-teller. +gúrrińshil a. q. gúrińpaz. +gúrsiniw v. moan, groan, sob; sigh (for). +gúwa n. witness, eye-witness; ~ bolıw to bear witness to (of). +gúwalıq n. evidence, manifestness, proof, outward. +gúwanama n. certificate, +gúrre n. foal (young of an ass). +gúwen n. halter. +gúwenlew v. halter. +ǵaz n. goose; ~ dıń palapanı gosling; ~ dıń pári goose-quill. +ǵazap n. fester, suffering. +ǵayrat n. energy, ardour, zeal. +ǵayratlı a. energetic, zealous. +ǵayratker n. servant, worker; ilim ~i scholar; man of science, scientist; mámleketlik ~ statesman; jámiyetlik ~ public man; siyasiy ~ political figure. +ǵayıp ~ bolıw to vanish, to disappear, to be lost. +ǵam n. 1) care (of, for), trouble (about), anxiety (for); distress; ~ın jew to trouble, to take care (of), look after; 2) grief, distress, misfortune, sorrow; ~ shegiw to grieve. +ǵamlaw v. store, collect, provide, prepare; supply; provide. +ǵamsız a. negligent, careless, slovenly. +ǵamsızlıq n. carelessness. +ǵamxor n. careful, thoughtful person, care-taker; ~ bolıw to care (for), to take care (of). +ǵamxorlıq n. care, anxiety, carefulness; ~ qılıw to take care, to trouble. +ǵarbız n. water-melon. +ǵarǵa n. crow, rook. +ǵarǵıw v jump over. +ǵarq ~ bolıw to drown, to sink. +ǵarqıldap ~ kúliw v. laugh, roar with laughter. +ǵarrı I a. old, old-aged;
II n. old man. +ǵarrılıq n. old age. +ǵaw n. q. tánbi. +ǵawǵa n. row, scandal, quarrel. +ǵawǵalı a. 1) noisy; 2) scandalous, +ǵawǵasız a. quiet, without raw (scandal, quarrel). +ǵashır n. mule. +ǵázeb a. anger, wrath; furiousity. +ǵázebleniw v. be angry, be in a bad temper. +ǵázebli a. angry, furious. +ǵálbir n. sieve. +ǵáleti a. unusual, uncommon, extraordinary. +ǵálle n. grain, corn; ~ ósimlikleri cereals. +ǵárezsiz a. independent. +ǵoza n. cotton-plant. +ǵozapaya n. cotton-stalk. +ǵúmsha n. cotton-bud, cotton-boll. +ǵúmshalaw v. boll. +ǵuj a. dense, closely grouped. +ǵurǵın a. well-to-do; prosperous. +ǵurǵınlıq n. prosperity. +ǵıshırlaw v. creak. +ǵıybat n. gossip; ~ qılıw (etiw) to gossip, to talk gossip. +ǵıybatshıl n. gossiper. +dabıl n. alarm, alarm bell; ~ qaǵıw to give (sound) the alarm, sound, ring the tocsin; raise an alarm; ~ taratıwshı panic monger, scaremonger, alarmist. +daǵaza n. advertisement. +daǵlaw v. heat (maydı). +daǵıtıw v. dismiss. +dayı n. uncle. +dayıapa n. cousin. +daq I n. 1) spot, patch, blot, stain; 2) blemish; <> ayda da ~ bar nothing is perfect; ~ tiygiziw to stain.
II n. sorrow, grief. +dala n. field, plantation; paxta ~sı cotton field, cotton plantation. +daqıl n. harvest, crop, yield. +damka king (shashki oyınında); ~ ǵa shıǵıw to be crowned. +dana 1 n. 1) wise man, sage; 2) spirit; Berdaq óz dáwiriniń eń ~ adamlarınıń biri edi Berdakh was one of the greatest spirits of his day (time).
II n. piece; bes ~ five pieces; bir neshe ~ alma several apples, some apples. +danıshpan n. wise man, sage. +danıshpanlıq n. wisdom. +dańq n. glory, fame, popularity; ~ı pútin jáhánge taraldı the world rings with his fame. +dańqlı n. 1) well-known; noted, famous (for smth.); 2) notorious (jaman dańq taratqan). +dar n. 1. rope; ~da júriw to walk the tight rope; 2. gibbet. +daraq n. tree; miyue ~ fruit tree; japıraqlı ~ foliage tree. +dasturqan n. table-cloth; ~ jayıw to lay (set) the table; to spread the cloth on the table. +dastıq n. pillow, cushion; basın ~qa qoyıw to lay (rest) the head on a pillow; <> bir ~qa bas qoyıw to get married. +darvinizm n. Darvinism. +daw n. conflict. +dawager n. pretender, claimant (upon), aspirant. +dawam n. continuation, prolongation; bes jıl ~ında for five years; jıl ~ında during the year; ~ı bar to be continued; ~ etiw, ~ qılıw 1) to continue, to go on (with); to proceed (with); to keep on; 2) to last, to be in progress; ~ ettiriw to go on, to proceed. +dawamlı a. long, continuous; incessant; constant; prolonged. +dawamında adv. during, for; altı jıl ~ for six years; jıl ~ during the year. +dawlı a. questionable; disputable; ~ másele vexed question. +dawıl n. storm. +dawıs n. 1) voice; sound; 2) (saylaǵanda) vote; kópshilik ~ penen by a majority of votes; bir awızdan unanimously. +dawıslı a. sound; ~ kino talking film, talkie. +dawıssız a. 1) dumb, silent (film haqqında); 2) fon. voiceless, unvoiced. +dál ~ ózi adv. just, sharp. +dálil n. 1) reason, argument; ~ etiw to argue (about, against), to dispute (about, against); ~ keltiriw to give reasons (argument) (for or against smth.); 2) proof, evidence; ~ ushın in witness (of); ~ etiw, ~ qılıw to prove; 3) debate, discussion. +dálillew v. 1) argue, debate; 2) bet (on); 3) prove. +dám n. 1) taste; 2) manner, style. +dámli a. tasty, tasteful; delicious. +dán n. corn, grain, seed; ~(li) ósimlikler cereal(s). +dáne n. stone (miywe dánesi); erik ~ apricot stone. +dáneli a. grainy; ~ uwıldırıq soft caviar(e). +dánli a. corn, food, bread; ~ eginler food grains, cereals, grain crops. +dáp n. tambourine. +dápter n. notebook, copybook, writing book, exercise book. +dáreje n. 1) level, extent, degree; measure; abstrakciya ~si level of abstraction; dıqqattıń ~si level of attention; qıyınshılıqtıń ~si (soraw, sabaq) level of sophistication; (teoretikalıq) tayarlıqtıń ~si academic level; achievement level; qızıǵıwshılıqtıń (ıqlastıń) ~si anxiety level; fona dawıstıń ~si background-noise level; oqıwdıń tiykarǵı oraylıq ~si basic level; aldın-ala tayarlıqtıń ~si depressed level; ulıwma oqıw-tárbiya jumısınıń ~si educational level; oqıw ornına kiriwge tayarlıǵınıń (biliminiń) ~si entry level; informaciyanıń ~si information level; aqılıy rawajlanıw ~si intelligence level; tilden tayarlıqtıń (biliminiń) ~si linguistic level; (qattı) esitiliw ~si loudness level; dawıs ~si noise level; eń joqarı signaldıń ~si peak-signal level; sestiń tiykarǵı tonınıń ~si pitch level (pl.); kúshtiń ~si power level; signal ~si signal level; sestiń ~si sound level; sóylew tonınıń ~si speech level; volume level; qıyınlıq ~si (jumıs yamasa tapsırma) split level; joqarı bilim ~si (oqıwdıń 3-etapınıń ~si) tertiary level; erkinlik ~si degree of freedom; isenimlik ~si degree of confidence; 2) gram. voice; anıqlıq ~ active voice; ózlik ~ reflexive voice; májburlew ~ causative voice; eriksiz ~ (belgisiz) passive voice; 3) degree; kelbetliktiń ~ leri degrees of comparison. +dáreksiz a. obscure; ~ ketiw to disappear, to vanish. +dári I n. medicine; drug; jótel ~si cough medicine; ~ alıw ushın recept jazıw to prescribe a medicine; ~ ishiw to take (one's) medicine; domalaq ~ pill.
II a.: ~ qutı pill-box. +dáris n. dung, muck, manure; ~ úyinshigi dung-hill. +dárixana n. drug store; (amer.) chemist's (shop). +dárixanashı n. apothecary. +dárt n. 1. illness, disease, ailment, malady; 2. sorrow, misfortune. +dárwaza n. 1. gate; 2. (futbolda) goal; jeńis ~sı triumphal arch. +dárwazaman n. 1. door-keeper, porter; 2. sport. goalkeeper. +dárwazshı n. rope walker. +dárhal adv. immediately, at once, without any delay, quickly. +dárya n. river, stream; <> ~ tassa, tobıǵına kelmeydi devil-may-care attitude. +dáslepki a. original, initial, first, primary. +dástan n. poem, epos. +dáste n. 1) bunch, wisp (paxal); 2) pile, bundle, bunch; bir ~ gúl a bunch of flowers; 3) handle, grip. +dástelew v. make a pile (bunch, bundle). +dástur n. tradition; ~ge muwapıq by tradition. +dáwir I n. period, epoch, age, era; feodalizm ~i age of feudalism; tezlik (erkin) ~i acceleration period.
II a. periodic(al); elementler ~i sisteması xim. periodic system. +dáwlet n. q. baylıq. +dáwletli a. q. bay. +dáwjúrek a. fearless, brave, courageous. +dáwjúreklik n. fearlessness, braveness. +dvigatel n. motor, engine; tormızlawshı ~ retro engine; hawa raketasınıń ~i thermal jet engine; eki kameralı raketalıq ~ dual-chamber rocket engine; úsh kameralı raketalıq ~ tri-chamber rocket engine; tórt kameralı raketanıń ~i quad-chamber rocket engine; elektrli kosmoslıq ~ electric space engine; elektrotermikalıq ~ electro thermal engine; ~diń normal islemewi engine cutoff; ~diń úplep tazalawshı sisteması engine bleed system. +degershik n. wheel; arbanıń ~leri the wheels of a cart. +dezertir n. deserter. +dezertirlik n. desertion; ~ qılıw to desert. +dekabr n. December; onınshı ~ the 10th (tenth) of December. +dekada n. decade, ten days; ten-day period. +dekadent n. decadent. +dekan n. dean; anglichan tili fakultetiniń ~ı the dean of the English faculty. +dekanat n. dean's-office, deanery. +deklamaciya n. recitation, declamation; ~ oqıw to recite. +deklaraciya n. declaration. +dekorativ a. decorative. +dekoraciya n. scenery (teatrda), decoration. +dekret n. decree. +delegat n. representative; spokesman; 2) delegate. +delegaciya n. delegation. +dem n. 1) breathing; deep breath; sigh; respiration; ~ alıw to sigh, to take a breath; to breathe; ~ qıspa med. quinsy; angina pectoris; 2) rest, recreation; ~ beriw to rest; 3) instant; ~de a moment; bir ~de for a minute, for a while. +dem-alıs n. 1) rest; ~ etiw to rest; mádeniyat hám ~ baǵı park of culture and recreation (rest); 2) breath, breathing. +demonstraciya n. demonstration; birinshi may ~sı May-day demonstration. +demek adv. so, then, well, then. +demlew v. brew, stew (stewed); chay, kofe ~ to make tea (coffee); palaw ~ to stew pilau. +demokrat n. democrat. +demokratik a. democratic. +demokratiya n. democracy; Xalıq demokratiya elleri People's Democracies; ~ bolıw to be, to get democratized. +demokratlastırıw v. democratize. +den ~ sawlıq health. +dene n. 1) fiz. body; suyıq ~ler liquid; qattı ~ler solid; diamagnitlik ~ diamagnetic body; 2) body, substance, organism; qos súyir formadaǵı ~ nosing; 3) dead body, corpse. +deputat n. deputy; Joqarǵı Sovet ~ı deputy of the Supreme Soviet. +derlik adv. nearly; almost; mumkin emes ~ almost impossible, next to impossible. +desant I n. landing party (force).
II a. landing; tank ~ı tank borne infantry. +detal n. detail; mashina ~ları machine components. +dew v. 1) say; 2) speak, talk; 3) pronounce. +defis n. hyphen. +djemper n. jumper; pull-over; jersey. +diagnoz n. diagnosis (pl. -oses); ~ qoyıw to diagnose. +diagonal n., a. mat. tekst. diagonal. +diagramma n. diagram; Pessell ~sı Russell diagram; kúshler sistemasına tásir etiwshi ~ force diagram. +dialog n. dialogue. +diamagnetizm n. diamagnetism. +diamagnitlik a. diamagnetic; ~ dene diamagnetic body. +diametr n. diameter. +divan n. sofa. +diversiya n. diversion, subversive, activity. +diviziya n. division. +didaktikalıq a. didactic. +didaktika n. didactics. +digirman n. mill; ~ tas millstone, grindstone. +digirmanshı n. miller. +diez n. muz. sharp; do ~ C sharp; pe ~ D sharp. +dieta n. diet; ~da bolıw to diet. +dizbek n. row, file. +dize n. knee; ~ búgiw to bend one's knees; to kneel (knelt, kneeled). +dizel n. diesel, engine. +dizim n. list; ~ge kirgiziw to list. +diywal n. wall, fence. +diywalıy a. wall, mural; ~ gazeta wall (news) paper. +diyxan I n. peasant, farmer cultivator, agriculturist.
II n. servant; valet. +diyxanshılıq n. 1) peasantry; 2) agriculture. +diktant n. dictation; ~ jazıw to write a dictation. +diktator n. dictator. +diktatura n. dictatorship; proletariat ~sı dictatorship of the proletariat. +diktor n. announcer; broadcaster (amer.); ~ qız announcer girl (lady, woman). +dilbar a. charming, fascinating, captivating. +dilmash n. interpreter (awızeki); translator (shıǵarmanı). +din n. religion, faith, belief. +dinamikalıq n. dynamic. +diniy a. religious. +dinsiz I a. unbelieving, irreligious.
II n. atheist, unbeliever. +dinsizlik n. unbelief, atheism. +diplom n. diploma, degree; ~ jumısı diploma (graduation) thesis, diploma paper (work). +diplomat n. diplomat, diplomatist. +diplomatiya n. diplomacy. +diplomatshılıq n. diplomatics. +direktiva n. directives, directions, instructions. +direktor n. director, manager, head; mektep ~ı head master, (the) principal. +direktorlıq n. directorate, directorship. +direkciya n. board of directors, management. +dirijyor n. conductor, band master (orkestrde). +dirildew n. shudder. +disbarizm n. med. dysbarism. +disk n. disk, disc. +dislokaciya n. geol. dislocation. +diskussiya n. 1) discussion; ~ jasaw (qılıw) to discuss; 2) negotiations, talks; ~ alıp barıw to conduct negotiations. +dispanser n. dispensary, health centre. +dispetcher n. controller (of movement, of transport); dispatcher. +disproporciya n. disproportion. +disput n. dispute, public debate. +dissertaciya n. thesis (pl. theses) dissertation; ~ jaqlaw to read thesis, to maintain a thesis. +diftong n. diphthong. +doklad n. report, lecture; ~ islew to make a report (on), to report on. +dokladshı n. speaker, lecturer. +doktor n. 1) a. doctor (ilimiy ataq); qısqarǵan túri D. 2) doctor; tis ~ı dentist. +doktorxana n. dispensary, outpatient clinic (department). +dokument n. document. +dokumentli a. documentary; ~ film n. documentary. +domalaw v. roll (up). +domalatıw v. roll up; roll out, make something roll out. +dombıra n. domb(i)ra (musical instrument). +dombırashı n. domb(i)ra player, musician. +domino n. domino (pl. dominoes); ~ oynaw to play dominoes. +domkrat n. mex. jack. +dońız n. pig, hog; ~ góshi pork. +dońızxana n. q. shoshqaxana. +dos n. friend; <> jaqsı dos, is túskende biliner a friend in need is a friend indeed; (Maqal) jan ~ bosom friend. +doska n. blackboard; ~ǵa shıǵıw to go to the blackboard; ~ǵa jazıw to write on the blackboard. +doslarsha adv. friendly, in a friendly way, as a friend; amicably. +doslasıw v. make friends (with); to get friends. +doslıq n. friendship. +dógerek I n. circumference, circle, neighbourhood, suburb, environs (jay).
II a. round, square. +dóń n. hill, hillock. +dóńgelek I n. trunk (daraqtıń túbiri).
II n. disk; quyash dóńgelegi the sun's disk; jaqtılıq hám kóleńke dóńgelegi circle of illumination. +dóretiw I n. creative work; creation (shıǵarma) works.
II v. create, make, do. +dóretiwshi n. creator, dóretiwshilik n. creation, making. +drama n. drama. +dramalı a. dramatic. +dramaturg n. playwright, dramatist. +dramaturgiya n. 1) dramatic composition; 2) drama. +dub n. oak, oak tree. +duǵıjım a. stout. +duz n. salt. +duzaq n. 1) trap; ~ǵa (iliniw) túsiw to fall into a trap; 2) hell, pitfall. +duzaqshı n. trapper. +duzlanıw n. salting. +duzlaw v. salt. +duzlı a. salty, salted. +duzshı n. salt-seller. +dumalaq a. round. +dumalaw v. roll; joqarıdan ~ to slide downhill. +duman n. fog; ~ qoyıw mist. +durıs a. not bad, quite good; ~ pikir not a bad idea. +duwtar n. dutar. +duwshar: ~ bolıw to meet, to happen (to), to undergo. +duxovka n. oven. +dush n. 1) shower; ~qa túsiw to take (have) a shower-bath; 2) med. douche. +dushxana n. shower-baths. +dushman n. q. dushpan. +dushpan n. enemy, foe. +dushpanshılıq n. enmity, hostility; animosity; ~ qılıw to feel animosity toward (against) smb. +dúbeley n. typhoon. +dúbir n. tramp, vagabond. +dúbirlew v. tramp, vagabond. +dúgiw v. thrust, drive in, stick. +dúzeliw v. recover, get well. +dúzetiw I v. 1) correct; 2) to help to get well, to help someone to recover.
II n. correction. +dúzew v. arrange, set going; put smth. right; repair; qatnasıqtı ~ to set up good relations, to establish contact. +dúzim a. system, order. +dúzilis n. structure. +dúziw I v. organize, form, compose.
II adv. well, in good condition, in order. +dúyshenbi n. Monday. +dúkán n. shop, stall. +dúkánshı n. shopkeeper. +dúmpek n. hill, a small mountain, slope. +dúmpekli a. hilly. +dúnya I n. universe, world; ~nıń payda bolıwı origin of the universe; pútin ~dan from every corner of the globe; pútin ~da all over the world; the world over; haywanat ~sı animal world; ósimlikler ~sı vegetable kingdom; ~ǵa kóz-qaras world outlook.
II n. q. baylıq. +dúng n. hill, hillock; knoll, mound. +dúńke n. q. bak. +dúńlik n. 1) salience, protuberance, prominence; 2) relief. +dúrkin n. 1) heap, pile; 2) group; 3) flock (qus); shoal (balıq); pack (iyt, bóri); 4) group, part; gram. sóz ~leri parts of speech. +dúrmin n. pair of glasses, opera glasses (teatrda), field-glass, telescope. +dúrsil n. q. dúrsildi. +dúrsildew v. tramp, vagabond. +dúrsildi n. tramp, vagabond. +dút a. dense, thick; ~ toǵay forest, thick forest. +dıǵırıq n. hook. +dıqqat n. attention, notice; ~ etiw to pay attention (to), take notice of; ~ awdarmaw to take no of notice; ~ın awdarıw to attract smb.'s attention; turn off; distract, digress; birewdiń (bir nárseden) ~ın awdarıw to attract smb. away from smth.; turaqlı ~ sustained attention; aktiv ~ active attention; turaqsız ~ nonsustained attention. +e int. oh then!, so!, indeed. +ebeteysiz a. incapable, dull; unable. +ebin-jorıq pron. a few, a little, some, any. +ebindey pron. some, few, a few, little, a little. +evropa n. Europe. +evropalı I a. European.
II n. European; ~lar the Europeans. +evropiy n. xim. europium. +evropasha adv. European, in a European way (manner), as Europeans do. +eger cj if, whether, as, in case; but for; even if. +egew n. file. +egewlew v. file. +egiz n. twins. +eginlik n. q. egislik. +eginshi n. peasant, farmer. +egin n. sowing; plant; ~ maydanı sowing area, under grain crops. +egis n. sowing; ~ dáwiri sowing campaign. +egislik n. sowing, crops; ~ jer area under grain crops. +egiw v. plant, sow, drill (qatarlap). +ezbeleniw v. chatter. +eziw v. 1) press, squeeze; 2) crush. +ekewi pron. both (of), the two of (us, you, them); eger ol jerge ~ńiz barsańız if you go there together, if both of you go there. +eki I num. card, two; hár ~ kúnde every other day; ~ jıllıq two years, of two years; ~ orınlı two seater; ~ ret twice; ~ ese double, twice; ~ ese kóp twice as much; twice as many; ~ ese kóbeytiw to double; ~ ese azaytıw to halve; ~ eseqosıw to fold in two; ~ ese tólew to pay double; ~ jaqlama 1) double sided; 2) bilateral, two-way; ~ jaqlama kelisim bilateral agreement; ekewimiz (ekewiń, ekewi) the two of us (the two of you; the two of them); both (of).
II ~ júzli a. double-faced; hypocrite.
III ~ júzlilik n. hypocrisy. +ekileniw I v. hesitate.
II n. hesitation. +ekinshi num. ord. second; ~ may the second of May; ~ ret a second time, for the second time. +el n. 1) people, men; folk, community; 2) tribe; 3): shet ~lerde abroad. +ele adv. still, not yet. +elek n. bolter, sieve. +elesletiw v. incarnate; embody, take shape, appear; imagine. +eleslew n. idea, notion, imagination. +elew v. sieve; winnow, fan. +elikleytuǵın a. imitative. +eliklew n. imitation. +eliw num. card, fifty. +eliwinshi num. ord. fiftieth. +elli q. eliw. +ellinshi q. eliwinshi. +elpildew v. flutter, fly. +eltestiriw v. carry; take. +elshi n. ambassador. +elshixana n. embassy. +em I n. medicine, remedy, any healing medicine.
II a. medical. +embeklew v. creep, crawl. +emen n. oak-tree; ~ ǵozası acorn. +emes jaqsı ~ bad, not good, no well, badly; jaman ~ not bad, quite good. +emeski a. vague; ~ ańız sóz vague rumour(s). +emiw v. suck; emiziwli bala baby, infant in arms, infant. +emleniw v. undergo a cure; take treatment. +emlew I v. cure, treat; keseldi ~ to treat smb. for an illness; inoculate smb. (against).
II n. med. inoculation, vaccination; medical treatment. +emlewxana n. dispensary; outpatient clinic (department). +en n. breadth, width. +enli a. wide, broad; bes metr ~ five metres wide. +endi adv. now, just, at present. +endigi a. following, next; ~ sapar next time. +endigári adv. now, nowadays; in future. +enot n. rac(c)oon. +ensiz a. narrow. +eń 1) (the same) very (ózi); 2) the most; ~ qızıq the most interesting; ~ sońǵı ultimate, the last, the latest. +eńbeklew q. embeklew. +eńgiziw n. inculcation; jaa. ńa texnikalardı ~ inculcation of modern techniques. +eńirew v. moan, groan; eńirep jılaw burst out to sobbing. +eńkeyiw n. q. búksheyiw. +episkop n. bishop. +eplew v. manage, cope (with). +epli a. skillful; capable, able. +epshil a. skillful, adroit. +epshillik n. adroitness. +er I n. husband, man.
II n. saddle.
III n. sweetheart, beloved, one's love, dear. IV a. courageous, bold; ~ júrek brave, fearless; <> er jigit eki tuwılmaydı (Maqal) (bir basqa bir ólim) a man can die but once. ~ júreklik penen adv. bravely, courageously. +erekshe n. exception, except. +eres n. heresy. +erik I n. apricot.
II q. erk. +erikli a. independent. +eriksiz a. without rights, rightless; dependent, undefended, enslaved; ~ dáreje gram. passive voice. +erin n. 1) lip; 2): ~li sesler labial sound; 3) bay; gulf. +eriw v. melt, thaw; qar erip atır the snow is thawing, melting; (puwlanıw) dissolve. +eriniw v. be lazy. +erinlik a. lingv. labial. +erinshek a. lazy fellow, lazy-bones, lazy; idler. +erinsheklik n. idleness, indolence; ~ qılıw to be lazy, to idle one's time away. +erisiw v. 1) follow; 2) get, obtain, achieve. +eritiw v. dissolve, melt. +eritiwshi a. solvent. +eritpe n. xim. solution. +erk n. will; (azatlıq) freedom, liberty; ~ súyer freedom loving. +erke n. favourite, pet; naughty. +erkek n. man, male. +erkeletiw v. 1) caress; 2) spoil, pet. +erkeleniw v. fondle. +erkelik n. naughtiness. +erkelew v. spoil; pet. +erketay adv. pet, spoilt. +erkin a. free. +erkinlik n. liberty, freedom. +erkli a. strong-willed. +erklilik n. independence. +erlik n. courage, boldness, valour. +ersi a. strange, odd, queer; funny, eccentric; rough. +erte adv. early; ~ palız eginleri early vegetables. +ertek n. tale, fairy-tale; xalıq ~leri popular tales. +ertekshi n. narrator. +ertelep adv. in the morning; búgin ~ this morning; erteń ~ tomorrow (in the) morning; keshe ~ yesterday morning. +ertelepki a. morning; ~ spektakl matinee. +erteń adv. tomorrow. +ertlew v. saddle. +es I n. 1. memory; 2. recollection; ~ke alıw to remember; ~i ketiw to be delirious; rave; ~ inen tanıw n. unconsciousness; drowsiness.
II n. comrade; friend. +esalań a. fool, scoundrel, bastard. +esap n. 1) calculation; 2) account; 3) sport. score; ~ neshe boldı? what is the score?; ~tı ashıw to open the score; ~qa alıw to account, to take into consideration; ~ beriw to account, to give an account. +esaplaw I v. account; count; calculate, to determine by mathematical processes; to compute.
II n. I. calculation; maǵlıwmattı ~ readout; 2. a. calculating; ~ mashinası calculating-machine. +esap-sanaq n. account, report. +esapsız a. accountless, innumerable. +esapshı n. book-keeper. +eseńkiriw v. lose one's head. +esik n. door. +esitiw v. hear (heard, heard); <> tamnıń da qulaǵı bar (Maqal) (esitilmey qalmaydı) the pitcher goes often to the wall (but is broken at last) or little pitchers have long ears. +esiw v. blow. +esitiliw v. be heard. +esitiwshi n. listener. +esittiriw n. 1) (háreket) transference; 2) (radio) broadcast. +eskek n. oar, scull; ~ esiw to oar. +eski a. 1) old, ragged; 2) ancient; 3) former, previous. +eskiriw v. 1) be old; 2) become obsolete. +eskishe adv. old-fashioned, oldish. +esletpe n. note. +eslew v. remember, recollect. +esletiw v. mention, remind. +esli a. q. aqıllı. +essiz adv. q. essizǵana. +essizǵana adv. pity, what a pity. +esnew v. doze; drowse; yawn. +estelik n. memory, recollection; statue, monument. +et n. meat. +etek n. 1) skirt, flap; 2) apron. +etik n. (high) boot(s). +etikshi n. shoemaker, shoe master. +esheyin 1. adv. 1) gratis, for nothing; 2) in vain; waqıttı ~ ótkeriw to waste time; ~ beriw to give (make) a present; (estelikke beriw) to give as a souvenir; 2. a. ordinary, commonplace. +eshek n. donkey, ass; <> (~) a stupid person. +eshki n. goat; ana ~ nanny-goat. +efreytor n. lance-corporal, private 1st class. +jabayı a. wild, savage; ~ iyt a savage dog; shy; unsociable, strange (adamǵa qosılmaytuǵın); ~ júzim wild grapes; ~ bolıw 1) to become (to grow) wild (haywanlar haqqında) 2) to become (to grow) unsociable; 3) to run wild (ósimlikler haqqında). +jabayılıq n. wildness, savagery; shyness; unsociableness. +jabayıshılıq n. q. jabayılıq. +jabanlı n. 1) country cousin, countryman, country folk; 2) townsman, citizen, villager. +jabıq a. closed, shut, locked; ~ jıynalıs closed meeting; keyni ~ (tuyıq) kóshe blind alley, deadlock. +jabılıw v. close, shut, be closed, be shut. +jabınıw v. cover oneself up, be closed down, be covered up (over). +jabısqaq a. 1) sticky, adhesive; 2) importunate; ~ adam sticker, sticker for (bir nársege jabısıp qatıwshı). +jabısqaqlıq n. stickiness. +jabıstırıw I v. stick on, attach.
II n. (jelimlep) label. +jabısıw v. 1. stick, adhere, be stuck, be attached; 2. catch (on), clutch (at), cling to. +jabıw v. 1) shut, close; aynekti ~ to close the window; 2) cover; <> qaytıp keler esigińdi qattı jappa (Naqıl) it is an ill bird that fouls its own nest. +jaǵa I n. (dárya) bank; (teńiz) coast; shore.
II n. collar. +jaǵalaw v. 1) grip; 2) to go along; dárya jaǵalap ketiw to go along (the bank of) the river. +jaǵasız a. without collar (kóylek). +jaǵday n. position, state, condition, situation; kosmonavttıń jatqandaǵı ~ı prone position; raketanıń ushıwǵa tayar bolǵan ~ı ready status; kosmoslıq ortalıqtaǵı ~ space environment. +jaǵımlı a. pleasant, pleasing, nice-looking; pleasant to look (at); ~ xabar welcome news; ~ (sırtqı) kórinis pleasing appearance; ~ adam pleasant man. +jaǵımpaz a. toady. +jaǵımsız a. negative, bad; ~ minez negative character. +jaǵılıw v. 1) take (catch) fire; 2) light up, flame up; 3) be lighted up; 3) be heated. +jaǵıw I v. 1) light; shırpı ~ to strike a match; elektrdi ~ to switch on the light; 2) to please someone, to be liked, be welcomed; 3) smear, daub; may ~ 1) to butter; 2) to apply an ointment.
II n. fuel. +jaz n. summer; ótken ~da last summer; <> jazdaislemegen, qısta ash qaladı (Maqal) they must hunger in winter that will not work in summer. +jaza n. punishment, penalty. +jazalaw v. punish. +jazba 1. n. 1) spelling, orthography; ~nıńqátesi spelling mistake; 2) paper; imtixan ~ examination paper; test paper; diplom ~sı diploma paper; 2. a. orthographical; written; ~ jumıs written work, test paper; ~ túrde in written form, in writing. +jazǵı a. summer, summerly; ~ dem alıs summer holiday (rest). +jazlıq a. summer, summer clothing (kiyim); ~ biyday summer wheat. +jazdırıw v. make smb. write, have smth. written, ask smb. to write. +jazıq a. 1) covered, stretched, scattered; 2) spread; ~ (keńeytilgen) gáp simple (extended) sentence; 3) plain. +jazılıw I v. 1) be written; 2) register (enter); krujokke ~ to join a circle; kitapxanaǵa ~ to join a library.
II v. close (jara); heal. +jazıspa n. correspondence. +jazısıw v. 1) correspond (with), be in correspondence (with); 2) to help smb. to write. +jazıw I v. 1) write, inscribe; 2) register, enroll; 3) compose.
II n. 1) writing, letter-writing; 2) inscription, super inscription (konvert ústindegi); legend (tańba, medal, karta hám soǵan usaǵanlardaǵı). +jazıwshı n. writer, author. +jazıwshılıq n. authorship. +jay I n. 1) place, room; ~ salıw(tayarlaw) to make the bed; 2): hámmesi ~ında everything is all right; 3) building, apartment room; ~ qurıw to build a building (house); ~ óriwshi bricklayer.
II a. habitual; usual; ordinary; plain. +jaydaq a. naked, bare. +jaylaw v. 1) place, invest; 2) accommodate; lodge; 3) pack; go in. +jaylasıw v. settle down, lodge, find room. +jayraw v. enjoy (oneself), be pleased, get pleased. +jayılıw v. be spread out, spread, be stretched out (on); be hanged (clothes). +jayında a. ready, all right; hámme nárse ~ everything is ready, everything is all right. +jayıw v. graze. +jaket n. jacket. +jaq n. jaw; joqarı jaǵı upper jaw; astınǵı (tómengi) ~ low jaw; <> jańılmas ~ bolmas he is lifeless that is faultless. +jaqlama bir ~ one side, unilateral. +jaqlaw I v. defend, speak in support (of), stand up (for); dissertaciya ~ to defend (read, maintain) a thesis (pl. theses).
II n. (sırtqı ~) plat band; door-case. +jaqsı a. 1. good, kind, <> ~ sóz-jarım ırıs (Maqal) a good name is better then riches; <> ~ sózge jılan ininen shıǵadı (Maqal) soft fire makes sweet malt; 2. adv. well, all right; O.K (o'kay) (amer.). +jaqsılaw v. improve; to better, to correct. +jaqsılanıw v. to improve, be (get) improved, to better. +jaqsılap adv. thoroughly, properly. +jaqsılıq n. goodness; kindness; ~qa jamanlıq black ingratitude. +jaqtı n. light; ~ túskende when day broke; ~ barda before nightfall; ~da by the light (of); ~ túsiw to shine, to dawn, to grow light. +jaqtırıw v. like, love; men onıń júdá qattı kúlgenin jaqtırmayman I don't like his laughing so loudly; bizler ana watanımızdı jaqsı kóremiz we love our Homeland. +jaqın 1. a. adjacent, near to, close; 2. adv. 1) near, not far from, close; ~ keleshekte in the near future; 2) next, about, almost. +jaqında adv. lately, recently, not long ago. +jaqınlastırıw v. approach, draw (near). +jaqınlasıw I v. come up, approach, draw near.
II n. approach; closure; basqarılatuǵın ~ kos. guided closure; ~ aralıǵı (planetanıń yamasa jerdiń eki jasalma joldasınıń) distance of closest approach. +jaqınlıq n. 1) nearness, closeness; 2) relation. +jala n. 1. slander, calumny, aspersion; libel (pechatta); birewge ~ jabıw to cast aspersions on smb.; ~ jabıw to slander, to calumniate; to asperse, to smear; 2. a. slanderous, calumnious, defamatory; ~ ayıp slanderous accusations. +jalaxor n. slanderer, calumniator. +jalań a. naked, bare; ~ ayaq bare-legged, bare-footed; ~ bas bare-headed. +jalańash a. naked, nude. +jalańashlaw v. bare. +jalatay n. swindler; ~shılıq etiw to swindle; to fraud. +jalaw I v. lick.
II n. flag; ~ kóteriw to flag; signal ~ı signal flag. +jalba-julba n. rags. +jalbır-julbır a. ragged. +jalǵan n. untruth, lie, falsehood; ~ sóylew to tell a lie, to tell lies, to lie, to deceive. +jalǵanshı n. liar, fibster, fibber, deceiver; <> ~nıń ıras sózi de jalǵan (Maqal) a liar is not believed even when he speaks the truth. +jalǵız 1. a. 1) only, the only; ~ ul (qız) the only son (daughter); 2) lonely, lone; 3) single, solitary; ~ kisi single man; ~ etiw to thin out; 2. adv. lonely. +jalǵızlıq n. solitude, loneliness. +jalqaw n. idler, loafer, lazy-bones. +jalqawlıq n. laziness; ~ etiw, ~ qılıw to be lazy. +jallanba a. 1) hired; 2) mercenary (satqın); ~ rabochiy wage worker, hired worker. +jallanıw v. apply for work, apply for a job; become employed, be hired; become engaged; go into service. +jallaw I v. hire; iske ~ to engage.
II n. hire; hiring. +jallanıwshı n. hireling. +jallawshı n. employer. +jalmawız n. monster. +jalpaq a. flat. +jalpayıw v. flatten out; to become (get) flat (-tened). +jalpı adv. 1) entirely; 2) total. +jalt ~ etiw yamasa ~ etip kóriniw to flash; to sparkle, to gleam, to glitter; to twinkle. +jaltıraq a. shining, brilliant, glittering, glistening. +jaltıraw v. shine, glitter, glister, twinkle; <> jaltıraǵannıń bári altın emes (Maqal) all that glisters is not gold; all is not gold that glitters. +jalshıw v. have smth. in sufficiency, have smth. quite sufficient. +jalın n. flame, flare; ~lanıp janıw to burst out, to blaze out. +jalınlı a. 1) flaming; 2): ~ sálem jiberiw to send warmest regards. +jalınıw v. beg, plead, pray, sue for a favour, humiliate oneself; implore (someone), entreat, supplicate, to lower the pride, self-respect, to petition. +jaman a. bad, ill, evil, wicked; ~ xabar bad news; ~ hawa (rayı) bad (wretched, nasty) weather; ~ niyet penen maliciously; birewdiń ústinen ~ niyet penen dálkeklew (oynaw) to play a spiteful trick on smb.; ~ kóriw v. hate, despise; <> qazanǵa jaqınlasań kúyesi, ~ǵa jaqınlasań bálesi juǵadı (Maqal) the rotten apple injures its neighbours; <>~dı ayaǵan jaqsını nabıt qıladı (Maqal) he that spares the bad injures the good. +jamanlıq n. evil, harm, crime; ~ qılıwshı evil-doer; jaqsılıqqa ~ black ingratitude. +jamanlaw v. 1) blame, lay blame, condemn, denounce; censure; 2) calumniate, slander; accuse falsely. +jamanlanıw v. become (grow) worse, take a turn for the worse; doslar ortasındaǵı qatnasıq jaman bolıp qaldı (jamanlandı) the relations between the friends have become worse. +jamanlawshı n. slanderer, culumniator. +jamaw I v. patch; mend; repair; toqıp (torlap) ~ to darn.
II n. patch, patchwork. +jambawır n. hillside, slope (tawdıń); inclination. +jambas n. side, flank. +jambaslaw v. lie, lie on one (right, left) side. +jambılsha n. jambilsha (a kind of melon). +jamǵır n. rain; ~ jawıw to rain; ~ jawıp tur it is raining; kúshli ~ downpour; gúldirmamalı ~ rain with thunderstorm; tınıp-tınıp jawatuǵın ~ occasional shower; ~ maydalap jawıp tur it is drizzling; ~ sheleklep quyıp tur it is pouring (with rain), the rain is coming down in torrents (sheets); it is raining cats and dogs; ~ suwı rain-water. +jamǵırlı a. rainy. +jamǵırsız a. rainless. +jan n. 1) soul, heart; ~ saqlaw to save one's soul; ~ ashıw a) v. to be agitated, to be exited, to worry, to be nervous; 6) n. emotion, agitation; ~ım menen with pleasure; 2) ~ sanı population, men, inhabitants; xojalıq ~ı eater; mouth; qalanıń ~ sanı townsfolk, townspeople; awıldıń ~ sanı country-folk, country-people; <> sút penen kirgen, jan menen shıǵadı (Maqal) what is bred in the bone will not go out of the flesh (meat). +janab n. sir, mister. +janajan a. beloved. +janapay n. gram. particle. +janar a. inflammable; tez ~ highly inflammable (fuel, oil). +janbas n. q. jambas. +janbaslaw v. q. jambaslaw. +janbawır n. hillside; slope (tawdıń); inclination. +jankúyer a. devoted. +jandırıw v. burn (down, up), consume; qaǵazdı ~ to burn up the paper; ~ıp jiberiw to burn up. +janjaq q. dógerek. +janlanıw v. 1) revive, become animated; 2) improve, to better; grow better. +janr n. genre. +janlı a. alive, living; enlivening, vivid true to life. +jansız I a. dead, lifeless.
II n. spy, secret service man. +jansızlıq n. espionage; ~ isin alıp barıw to spy. +jantasıw v. come alongside, draw near, approach alongside. +janı n. side, flank, vicinity (jaqın jer mánisinde); ~nan from one's side, sideways; ~ma to me, to my side; ~mda at my side, by me; ol jaǵınan bul jaǵına from one side to the other. +janıw v. burn, catch fire. +janıwlı a. burning, lighted. +jańa I a. 1) new; ~ jay new building; 2) fresh, original, novel; 3) recent, not old.
II adv. now, just now not long ago, newly, recently. +jańadan adv. again, from the very beginning. +jańalaw v. 1. renew, resume; 2. change. +jańalıq n. 1) news; 2) novelty. +jańasha adv. in a new fashion; ~ turmıs qurıw (baslaw) to begin a new life; to turn over a new leaf. +jańbır n. q. jamǵır. +jańǵaq n. nut, walnut. +jańǵırıw v. sound. +jańqa n. splinter. +jańıltpash n. patter; tongue-twister. +jańılıs n. mistake, error, blunder, miscalculation; fault. +jańılısıw v. make a mistake, be mistaken. +jap n. 1) irrigation canal, irrigation ditch; 2) brook, stream, aryk. +japa n. 1) torture; 2) misfortune. +japakesh a. distressful. +japalaq n. zool. owl. +japatarmaqay adv. one and all, completely, entirely, fully. +japıraq n. 1) leaf (pl. leaves); ~ penen búrkeliw to foliate; dıywalǵa ~ tárizli reń beriw to foliate; 2) piece, slice; 3) foliage; kók ~ foliage, green leaves. +japıraqlı a. foliar; tiken ~ coniferous; tiken ~ daraqlar conifer. +jara n. wound, ulcer, injury; ~ salıw to wound. +jaradar a. wounded. +jaraq n. weapon, arm. +jaraqatlaw v. wound, injure; hit. +jaraqatlanıw v. get injured, be wounded; hit oneself. +jaralı a. q. jaradar. +jaramas a. bad, unfit, worthless. +jaramlı a. worthy; fit; suitable; jewge ~ edible; jewge ~ nárseler eatables; ishiwge ~ drinkable. +jaramlılıq n. worthy. +jaramsaq a. ~ adam toady, groveller. +jaramsaqlanıw v. fuss (about), 1) bustle; 2) fawn (on, upon); cringe (to). +jaramsız a. bad, worthless, useless; hesh nársege ~ good-for-nothing. +jaramsızlıq n. unfitness, worthlessness, uselessness. +jarasıw I v. make peace (with), make it up (with), reconcile (to, with).
II v. fit, suit; correspond (to); qalpaǵıńız (sizge) júdá jarasıp turıptı your hat suits you well. +jarastırıw v. reconcile (with); to cause to be friendly again. +jaratıw v. 1) compose, create; 2) make, do; 3) write. +jaraw v. 1) please someone; be liked, be suited; 2) do for smb.; fit, be of use; bul qaǵaz oǵan jaradı this paper will do for him; bul qaǵaz tek (bir nárse) orawǵa jaradı this paper is only fit for a wrapper (smth.); this paper will only do for a wrapper (smth.); bul qaǵaz oǵan jaramaydı this paper will not do for him; bunday islewge jaramaydı that is not the proper way to behave. +jargon n. jargon, slang. +jarǵanat n. bat. +jarqın a. bright, vivid, lively. +jarlı 1. a. poor; ~lanǵan shabby, poor; <> jarlıshılıq jaman dárt (Maqal) a light purse is a heavy curse; 2. n. poor; poor man; <> ~shılıq ayıp emes (Maqal) poverty is no sin; ~shılıq ayıp emes, biraq onnan uyalıw ayıp poverty is not a shame, but the being ashamed of it is. +jarıq I n. crack, split, cleft (jerde).
II n. 1. light; quyash jarıǵı sunlight, sunshine; aydıń jarıǵında by moonlight; 2. a. light; ~ bólme light room; ~ etiw 1) to light up; to illuminate; to throw light (upon); clear up; 2) to brighten, to be brightened; ~ beriwshi illuminant; luminary; aspanǵa ~ beriwshiler heavenly bodies. +jarıqlıq n. light, daylight; brightness; illumination. +jarılıw v. be split, crank, be cut through, be broken through. +jarıs n. 1) competition, race; sport. contest; ~ ótkeriw to hold competition; juwırıw ~ı race competition; komandalar arasındaǵı ~ match; basketbol ~ı basketball match; 2) emulation; socialistlik ~ socialist emulation; 3) ~ sóz discussion, debate; ~ sóz júrgiziw to discuss, to debate. +jarısıp adv. ~ juwırıw to chase each other; race (with) one another. +jarısıw v. compete (in), emulate. +jarısıwshı n. competitor, opponent. +jarıw v. chop, split, crank, cleave, break; otın (aǵash) ~ (ayırıw) chop (split) wood. +jas I n. age; onıń ~ı jigirma jetide he is twenty seven years old, he is 27; ol toqsan ~ında óldi he died at the age of ninety; ~ıńız neshede how old are you? what age are you?; ~ı ótken advanced age; orta ~ar middle age.
II a. young, youthful; ~ jigitler young men; ~lar young people; ~ áwlad the young(er) generation.
III n. tear; onıń kózlerine ~ keldi tears came to his eyes; ~ tógiw to shed tears. +jasalma a. home-made, artificial, manmade. +jasama q. jasalma. +jasandı a. artificial. +jasanıw v. dress up. +jasandırıw v. dress up. +jasatıw v. 1) decorate; 2) dásturxan ~ to lay the table. +jasatılıw v. decorate. +jasar a. bes ~ bala five-year old child, child of five; bir ~ bala one year old boy (baby). +jasarıw v. look younger, grow young again. +jasaw I v. live, exist; <> dize búgip jasaǵannan, tik júrip ólgen jaqsı (Maqal) better a glorious death than a shameful life.
II v. 1) make; 2) produce, manufacture. +jasawshı n. 1) inhabitant; qalada ~ townsman, citizen; 2) doer, creator, maker; 3) former, builder; sóz ~ suffiksler word forming suffixes. +jaslı I a. coeval; ol meniń menen ~ he (she) is my age; bizlar ~mız we are the same age.
II a. tearful, suffused with tears. +jaslıq n. youth; <> jaslıǵıńda ádet qılsań, qartayǵansha kónigerseń, qartayǵanda ádet qılsań, kónikkenshe kómilerseń (Maqal) you cannot teach old dogs new tricks. +jasnaw v. blossom (out), flourish. +jasnaǵan a. blossoming. +jasıl I a. green; ~ japıraqlar green leaves.
II n. thunderbolt. +jasırın a. hidden, secret; ~ súygi secret love. +jasırınbaq n. hide-and-seek; ~ oynaw to play hide-and-seek. +jasırıw v. hide, disguise; dissemble (qıpsa saqlaw); ~ı menen secretly. +jasırınıw v. disappear (kózden), hide (oneself); escape, avoid. +jat 1. a. strange, foreign, alien; ~ eldiń tilleri foreign languages; ~ el, ~ jer foreign country; ~ element alien element; ~ ideologiya alien ideology; 2. n. stranger, foreigner; bulmaǵan ~ it is alien to me. +jataqxana n. hostel, dormitory. +jatqarıw v. lay, put, fell. +jatıq a. horizontal. +jatıw v. 1) lie down; go to bed; uyqıda ~ be in bed, pass the night; irkiwxanada ~ to stay in prison; janbaslap ~ to lean over to one side; 2) (zat haqqında) shashılıp~? to lie about; to be scattered about; 3) (jerde) drag along; 4) (bir nárseniń ishinde) roll, drag in. +jaw n. enemy, foe; opponent. +jaw-jaraq n. arms, armament, weapons. +jawap q. juwan. +jawgerlik q. jawgershilik. +jawgershilik a. 1) battle, fighting; 2) animosity, hostility, antagonism. +jawlaw n. conquest, capture; jawlap alıw to take (with); to capture, to seize, to conquer (kúl etiw); jawlap alıwshı conqueror. +jawız I n. aggressor.
II a. wicked, malicious, vicious; aggressive. +jawızlanıw v. become wicked, become malicious. +jawızlıq n. evil, harm, villainy, villainous act. +jawınlı a. bad, rainy, foul (weather); ~ ay rainy month. +jawın-shashın n. precipitation, raining, snowing. +jawırın n. shoulder-blade. +jawırınlı a. broad-shouldered. +jawıw v. 1) to snow, to rain; qar jawıp tur it is snowing; burshaq jawıp tur it is hailing; 2) shower. +jayaw n. on foot, afoot; ~ júriw to walk, to go on foot, to go afoot. +jábir n. oppression, yoke; ~ etiw to oppress; ~ tartıw (yamasa shegiw) to suffer (from). +jállat n. 1) torturer; 2) hangman, executioner. +jámi n. sum, total; altogether, in all. +jámiyet n. 1) society; kommunistlik ~ communist society; sport ~i sport society; 2) public. +jámiyetlik a. social, public; ~ turmıs social life. +jámiyetshil n. public (yamasa social) worker. +jámiyetshilik n. communion. +jámlew v. 1) gather, collect; 2) sum up. +jámhúriyat n. awız. republic. +jáne adv. 1) else, again, some more; 2) next. +jánjel a. 1) row, scandal; 2) conflict +jánjelkesh q. jánjelpaz. +jánjellesiw v. kick up, quarrel, wrangle; to dispute angrily; to find fault. +jánjelli a. questionable, disputable. +jánjelpaz n. brawler, disputant. +járdem n. 1) help, aid, support; 2) deliverance (from); rescue; ~ beriw, ~ge keliw to come to the aid (of). +járdemlesiw v. help, assist, aid, support, help one another. +járdemsiz a. helpless, without help, without support. +járdemshi n. 1) helper, assistant; 2) helping, assisting; assistant; muǵallimniń (oqıwshı) ~si student-assistant. +jáhán n. world; pútin ~ throughout the world, all over the world; pútin ~degi adamzat people all over the world. +jáń n. battle, struggle, war, fight; hawa ~i air fight. +jáńshi n. fighter, warrior. +jegiziw I v. feed, nourish; balaǵa awqat ~ to feed a child.
II n. food, nourishment. +jegiw v. harness, put (to); ógizlerdi ~ to yoke oxen. +jedel n. fervour; jaslıq ~ youthful energy (yamasa enthusiasm). +jezde n. brother-in-law. +jeke I q. jekke.
II a. private; ~ menshik personal property. +jekke 1. a. 1) alone, oneself; 2) individual, personal; 2. adv. 1) alone; 2) individually, personally. +jekkeleniw v. separate (from), be separated. +jekkelew v. disjoin. +jekiriw v. reprimand, reprove, scold, rebuke, reproach, chide, admonish. +jekiriniw v. shout (at), scold, chide. +jeksen ~ bolıw to be destroyed, to be abolished; ~ etiw, ~ qılıw to destroy, to abolish. +jeksenbi n. Sunday. +jekkóriniw I v. be hated, be despised.
II n. hatred; contempt. +jel n. wind. +jeleń a. 1) not warmly dressed; 2) naked. +jelim n. 1) glue, paste (unnan islenetuǵın); gum (daraqlarda payda bolatuǵın); gelatin; 2) boring, bothering, tiresome (adam haqqında); ~lep jabıstırıw to seal up. +jelimleniw v. be glued, be gummed, be pasted, get stuck. +jelimlew I v. glue, paste, gum, stick (on), paste (on).
II n. label. +jelin n. udder. +jeliniw v. 1) be eaten; 2) rubway; be effaced; be erased. +jeliw v. rush (speed, tear) along. +jelke 1. n. 1) back of the head; shoulder; ~ni qısıw to shrug one's shoulders; ~gealıw to shoulder; 2) fiz., tex. arm; 2. a. humeral; ~ súyegi humerus. +jelletkish n. fan. +jelpigish n. q. jelletkish. +jelpiw v. fan. +jelpitiw v. to make (ask) someone fan (oneself); to be fanned by someone. +jelqom n. sail; ~lı keme sailing vessel, sailor. +jem n. fodder; ~ beriw to fodder. +jemiriliw v. 1) go to ruin, be destroyed, be wrecked; 2) be washed away (dárya jaǵası haqqında). +jemiriw v. 1) destroy, demolish, wreck; 2) frustrate. +jemper n. jumper, pullover (erdiki). +jeń n. sleeve; tex. hose; <> jeńińe qarap qolıńdı soz (Naqıl) put your (hand) arm no further than your sleeve will reach. +jeńge n. wet-nurse. +jeńgey q. jenge. +jeńil a. 1) light; 2) easy (qıyın emes); 3) slight (áhmiyetsiz); <> onıń qolı ~ he brings luck. +jeńilis n. defeat; ~ke ushıraw to be defeated, suffer a defeat; to inflict a defeat (on). +jeńiliw v. be defeated, suffer (sustain) a defeat, be conquered, lose a victory. +jeńilletiw v. 1) make easy, lighten, relieve. +jeńillew v. 1) lighten; 2) be made easier, be facilitated; 3) be eased. +jeńillik n. 1) lightness, easiness; 2) facilitating, easing, relief; 3) privilege, advantage. +jeńilmes a. invincible, unconquerable. +jeńilmeslik n. invincibility. +jeńillesiw v. 1) get easy, become easy, be enlightened; 2) get relieved. +jeńiltek a. 1) light, light-headed; 2) naked. +jeńis n. 1) victory, success; ~ti qolǵa kirgiziw to conquer, to win a victory (over), to overcome; 2) triumph, celebration; ~ti belgilew to celebrate, to triumph. +jeńisli a. triumphal; solemn (saltanatlı). +jeńiw v. win, conquer, defeat, vanquish; sawashta~ to win (to gain) a victory; to win the battle. +jeńiwshi n. victor, conqueror; winner, champion. +jeńsiz n. waistcoat. +jer n. 1) earth, ground; ~ sharı the globe; ~diń aylanıwı (óz kósheriniń dógereginde) rotation of the earth; ~ maydanı earth field; ~ massasınıń orayı genetics; ~ge baǵıt beriwshi earth aspect detector; 2) land; 3) soil (topıraq mánisinde); ~ qıymıldaw earthquake; ~ ólshewshi land surveyor; ~ aydaw (gúnde menen jer súriw) to hoe; ~ qazıwshı navy. +jergilikli a. local; ~ húkimet local authorities; ~ adam native; ~ xalıq bilimlendiriw bólimi Local Education authority. +jerkenish n. disgust, aversion, disliking. +jerkenishli a. vile, mean, averse, nauseous. +jerkeniw v. nauseate, disgust, to arouse aversion in. +jerles n. inhabitant, native; native fellow, country man. +jerlew I v. bury; tuwǵandı ~ to have buried one's relatives.
II n. burial, funeral. +jer-múlk n. country-seat. +jersiz a. landless. +jersizlik n. lack of land. +jertóle n. mud-hut, dug-out, basement. +jesir n. widow; <> qorqaqtıń qatını bolǵannan, batırdıń jesiri bol (Naqıl) better to be a widow of a killed hero than to be a wife of a coward man. +jeteklew v. lead; attı~ to walk a horse. +jetekshi n. leader, conductor. +jetekshilik n. leadership. +jetew I v. lead; attı ~ to walk a horse.
II num. card. (of piece number) seven, seven (of); ~ imizde all the seven of us. +jetewlep num. seven, in seven (s). +jeti num. card. seven; ~ ólshep bir kes (Maqal) think twice and cut once; look before you leap. +jetilik n. seven. +jetim n. orphan; ~bolıp qalıw to become an orphan. +jetimek n. q. jetim. +jetimlik n. orphanhood, orphanage. +jetinshi num. ord. seventh. +jetisken a. 1) mature, perfect; 2) big, tall, well-grown (bala). +jetistiriw v. rear (haywanlardı); grow (up). +jetisiw I v. 1) ripen, grow, ripe (pisiw mánisinde); 2) come of age, attain one's majority (er jetiw mánisinde).
II v. 1) suffice, be sufficient (enough), last out; 2) reach, attain, achieve; 3) to become; 4) catch up (with); jetip ozıp ketiw to overtake and surpass. +jetiskenlik n. ripeness, maturity, coming of age; ~ attestatı school-leaving certificate. +jetispewshilik n. shortage, lack (of), inadequacy, insufficiency; defect, shortcoming. +jetiw v. 1) suffice, be sufficient, be enough, last out; usı jeterli this will suffice, this will be sufficient (enough); onıń mártligi jetedi he had the courage; onıń waqtı jetedi he has time; bul oǵan bir ayǵa jetedi it will last him a month; jumıs kúni boyına jetedi enough work to last the whole day; úyde de jumıs jeterli there is plenty to do at home, too; maǵan jetedi that's enough for me, that will do for me; jetpeydi not be enough; onıń waqtı jetpeydi he is hard pressed for time; he has not time enough; onıń, olardıń aqshası jetpeydi he is, they are, etc, short of money; he is, they are, etc, pressed for money; <> jeterli! that will do (boldı); enough of that (qoyıń); búginge jeterli! that'll do for today! bir kemisi usı edi that's a bit too thick, that's the limit, that would be the last straw; 2) reach, attain, achieve; 3) catch up (with). +jetkiziw v. 1) suffice; 2) take, lead, drive (into); 3) inform smb. of smth. +jetkilikli 1. a. sufficient, enough, well-to-do; 2. adv. enough, stop, that will do. +jetpis num. card. seventy. +jetpisinshi num. ord. seventieth. +jetpistey num. card. (of piece number) seventy, seventy (of). +jew v. to eat, have; jep qoyıw to eat up; <> ǵam ~ to look after; to take care, to worry about; (jep bolatuǵın) jewge bolatuǵın eatable, edible; tamsanıp ~ to champ, to chew noisily. +jiberiliw v. be sent (for). +jiberiw v. 1) send, dispatch; 2) (pochta arqalı) post, mail; dispatch; 3) qáte ~ to make a mistake. +jiberiwshi n. sender, dispatcher (despatcher). +jigerli a. active, energetic; ~ adam (an) active (energetic) man. +jiger n. 1) activeness; ~ menen active(ly). +jigirma num. card. twenty. +jigirmalanshı num. ord. twentieth; ~ ásir the twenties, the twentieth century; ~ may the twentieth of May; ~ bet page twenty; ~ nomer number twenty. +jigit n. fellow, chap, lad, guy (amer.); youth, young man (people pl.). +jiyde n. jieda (a sort of dates in Central Asia). +jiyek n. 1) bed; bank; 2) astr. corona; kúnniń~gi corona of the sun. +jiyen n. nephew, niece; ~ apa cousin. +jiyi adv. often. +jilli a. crazy, insane. +jin n. devil. +jinayat n. crime; adamzatqa qarsı ~ crime(s) against humanity. +jinayatlı a. criminal. +jinayatsız a. crimeless. +jinayatshı n. criminal; áskeriy ~ war criminal. +jińishke a. thin; ~ jip fine thread. +jip n. 1) thread; qara (aq) ~ black (white) cotton thread; 2) botinka jibi shoe-laces. +jipek n. silk; ~ qurtı silkworm; <> ~tey silky. +jipekli a. silk, silky. +jirafa n. giraffe. +joba n. project. +jobalaw v. project. +joǵaltıw I v. lose; destroy; abolish, put an end (to).
II n. 1) loss; 2) destruction; 3) absolution. +joǵalıw v. disappear; vanish; be (get) lost. +joybar n. plan, project. +joybarlaw v. plan, project. +joyıw v. lose; destroy, abolish; put an end (to). +joq 1) no; not; mende ~ I have no, I have none; 2) ol ~ he is not here; 3) ~ bolıw to be absent; ~ etiw to destroy, to spoil, to finish. +joqarǵı a. 1) higher, supreme; ~ maǵlıwmat higher education; ~ mektep higher school; 2) (joqarı) ~ sapa of extra quality; ~ dáreje highly, extremely. +joqarı 1. a. 1) high up, elevated; 2) sharp (in music); 3) extreme; 4) best, high; ~ sapalı of superior quality, high-grade; ~ baha an excellent mark; 2. adv. upper; ~daǵı above mentioned; ~da above, over head; ~ kóteriw to lift up; ~ kóteriliw to go up, rise; ~ǵa up, upwards; dáryanıń~sına up-stream; zángi menen ~ǵa upstairs; túbinen ~sına (suwdıń betine) upside-down; ~ kóteriliw to go up. +joqarılaw I v. rise, climb, elevate.
II n. elevation; eminence. +joqarılıq n. height. +joqlıq n. absence; menińjoqlıǵımda in my absence. +jol n. 1) road, way; temir ~ railway, railroad (amer.); baylanıs ~ları means of communication; 2) ~da on the way; 3) (rawajlanıw ~ı) islep shıǵarıw ~ları means of production. +joltosar n. robber, bandit; brigand. +jola adv. bir ~ simultaneously; at the same time. +jolawshı n. 1) passer by; 2) passenger. +jolbarıs n. tiger; urǵashı ~ tigeress; ~tay jawız tigerish. +jolbasshı n. 1) leader; 2) chief; 3) instructor, manager. +jolbasshılıq n. leadership; guidance, direction; jolbasshılıǵında under the leadership (of); under the command; ~ qılıw to lead, to be the leader (of). +joldas I n. 1. 1) friend; ol meniń ~ım he is my friend; 2) comrade; ~ Amanov Comrade Amanov; 3) mate, fellow (oqıwda, is ornında, kásiplik mánisinde); 4) company, fellow-traveller; 5) kos, astr. satellite; sputnik; secondary planet; jasalma ~ artificial satellite; jer ~ı earth satellite; jerdiń jasalma ~ terrestrial satellite; circumterrestrial satellite; jerdiń áskeriy jasalma ~ killer satellite; bombalawshı jasalma jer ~sı satellite bomber; razvedkashı jasalma jer ~sı spy satellite; jerdiń jasırın jasalma ~sı unannounced (uncooperation) satellite; kosmoslıq jasalma jer ~ı space satellite; jerdiń basqarılatuǵın jasalma ~sı guided earth satellite; jerdiń súwretke túsiriwshi jasalma ~ı photographic reconnaissance satellite; radiaciyanı úyreniwge arnalǵan jasalma jer ~ı radiation satellite; pás orbitalı ~ close-orbit satellite; ay orbitasınan uzaqta qozǵalıwshı ~ trans-lunar satellite; jerdiń hám aydıń dógeregindegi orbitanı boylap aylanıwshı ~ earth-moon satellite; orbitası ay orbitası ishinde jaylasqan ~ cislunar satellite; jer atirapında óz orbitası boyınsha bir aylanıp shıqqan ~ single-pass satellite; jerdiń jasalma ~ın úskenelew satellite gear; jerdiń jasalma ~ınıń ajıralıwı satellite drop; alıp júriwshi jer ~ı carrier satellite; planetanıń jasalma ~ı planetary satellite; 6) accompaniment; ~ bolıw to accompany. +joldaslarsha adv. comradely. +joldaslıq n. comradeship, fellowship. +jollanba n. permit; order; accommodation card; direction pass. +jońıshqa n. bot. 1) alfalfa; lucerne; 2) clover. +jora n. 1) friend; 2) mate, fellow. +jorǵa n. amble; ~ at racer, ambler. +jorǵalaw v. race, amble. +jorta adv. wittingly. +jotalı a. corpulent. +jón a. simple, easy. +jónekey ~ taslapketiw to leave; to supply (with). +jónetiw v. send, dispatch. +jónew v. q. ketiw. +jónlew v. arrange, set going; put smth. right; repair; qatnasıqtı ~ to set up good relations; to establish contact. +jótel n. cough; ~ge qarsıdári cough-lozenge; cough-drop. +jóteliw v. cough; jótelip (ımlaw) sezdiriw to cough down; jótelip (qaqırınıp) jiberiw, qaqırıp taslaw to cough up. +jubay n. 1) husband; wife; 2) pair. +jubanıw v. console oneself. +jubanısh n. consolation. +jubatıw I v. calm, soothe (balanı).
II v. comfort, console. +juǵımsız a. non-contagious. +juqa a. thin. +juqalıq n. thinness, fineness (gezleme). +juqqısh q. juqpalı. +juqnalı a. rich. +juqpalı a. infectious, contagious; ~ kesellikler infectious (contagious) deceases. +juqtırıw v. 1) soil, make dirty; 2) catch (an illness); be infected (by). +judırıq n. fist; ~ penen urıw to fist. +juldız n. star; kos. astr. kózge kórinetuǵın ~ naked-eye star; tutılıwshı (ózgeriwshi) ~lar dark eclipsing variables; variable stars; fizikalıq qos ~lar physical double stars; Barnard ~ı runaway star; Volf-Raye ~ı Wolf-Rayet star; ~lardıńqozǵalıwı star drift; ~lardıń toplanıwı star clusters; ~dıńreńi colour of stars; waqıttı anıqlaw ushın eń qolaylı ~lar clock stars. +juldızlı a. starry; ~ tún starlit night. +julıw v. 1. tear (tore, torn), pull out; 2. scratch. +juma n. Friday; ~ kúni on Friday. +jumalaq a. round; ~ stol round table. +jumalatıw v. roll up; to roll out; move somewhere else. +jumalaw I v. roll.
II n. roll; rolling. +jumbaq n. riddle, puzzle, question, mystery; ~ aytıw to ask a riddle; ~tı sheshiw to read the riddle. +jumsaq a. soft, gentle; ~ teri kid-skin. +jumsaqlıq n. tenderness, softness; mildness, gentleness, stiffness. +jumsatıw v. loosen (topıraqtı); hoe. +jumsaw v. 1) soften, to become soft; 2) to become gentle (adam haqqında). +jumıq n. closed; shut. +jumılıw v. close (in, up, down). +jumırıq n. fist. +jumıs n. 1) work, job; matter; úy ~ı homework; home task, hand work; qara ~ physical work; unskilled labour; aqıl ~ı mental work; ~ taslaw to strike, to go on strike; baspa sózde járiyalanǵan ilimiy ~ scientific publication; oqıw ~ı academic work, sessional work; klass ~ı class work; tájiribe konstruktorlıq ~ development(al) work; diplom ~ı diploma work; kónligiw ~ı drill work; tálim-tárbiya ~ı educational work; klasstan tıs ~ out-of-class work, extra class work; qosımsha ~ extracurricular work (oqıw ~ına qosımsha); mektepten tıs ~ extra school work; awızeki ~ oral work; jeke ~ private work; óz ústinde isleytuǵın ~ free work; jazba ~ written work; kosmostı ózlestiriw boyınsha ilim-izertlew ~ı space research; 2) activity; mektepten sırttaǵı ~ campus activity; jámiyetlik ~ social activity; gruppadaǵı ~ group activity; birewge kóp ~ tapsırıw to give smb. a fulltime job; <> páti tússe, sáti túsedi (jumıs haqqında) (Maqal) a good beginning makes a good ending. +jumısker n. worker, workman, labourer. +jumıs-pumıs n. some work, job, some job. +jumıssız 1. a. unemployed, jobless (amer.); ~ qalıw to be out of work; 2. n. unemployed. +jumıssızlıq n. unemployment. +jumıw v. close, shut. +jup n. pair; bir ~ ayaq kiyim (botinka) a pair of shoes. +jupar a. aromatic; fragrant. +jupını a. poor, beggarly dressed. +jupınılıq n. poverty. +jurnal n. magazine, journal (ilimiy); register (klass jurnalı). +jurnalist n. journalist, pressman. +jurt n. native land, mother country, homeland. +jurtlıq qaysı ~sız? where are you from? from what country are you? +jutqınshaq n. throat; pharynx. +jutılıw v. be swallowed. +jutım n. mouthful, sip (kishkene), gulp (úlken); swallow +jutınıw v. q. jutıw. +jutıw v. 1) swallow; 2) (jutıp ketiw) to suck up; swallow up. +juwan a. 1) thick, stout, fat (adam); 2) (dawıs, ses) harsh; gruff; horny (qol). +juwap n. 1) answer, reply; 2) permission; ~ beriw, ~ qaytarıw to answer, to reply, to report; sorawǵa ~ beriw to answer the question; to respond to one's question; ~qa in answer, in reply. +juwapker q. juwaplı. +juwaplı a. responsible; ~ redaktor editor-in-chief. +juwapkerlik I n. responsibility; ~ke tartıw to make responsible.
II q.juwaplılıq. +juwapkershilik n. responsibility; juwapkershiligine alıw to undertake, to take smth. upon oneself. +juwapkersiz a. irresponsible. +juwas a. calm, peaceful. +júwen n. bridle. +juwmaq n. sum, total; result; conclusion. +juwmaqlawshı a. final, conclusive; ~ sóz closing speech. +juwmaqlaw v. sum up, generalize. +juwha a. playful, naughty, mischievous. +juwhalıq n. mischief, naughtiness. +juwıq adv. about, near; ol onǵa ~ keliwi kerek he is to come about ten o'clock. +juwılıw v. be washed. +juwındırıw v. wash; to make smb. wash; to have smth. (somebody) washed. +juwınıw v. wash (oneself). +juwıw v. wash; qol ~ to wash one's hands; tabaq-qasıqlardı ~ to wash dishes. +juwırıw v. 1) run (ran, run); 2) flee. +juwırtıw v. make smb. run. +júdá adv. 1) very; bul ~ qızıq kitap it is a very interesting book; 2) rather, fairly; 3) too. +júzgey a. shameless. +júz I n. 1) face; ~ dúzilisi features; 2) scale; dúnya ~indegi ilimpazlar (alım) a scientist of world-wide fame.
II num. card. hundred; ~ jıl áwel a hundred years ago. +júzgóylik n. impudence, insolence. +júze n. surface; square; ~ge shıǵarıw (yamasa keltiriw) to be carried out; to realize, to accomplish; ~ge shıǵıw to be carried out; to come true. +júzdiriw v. make smb. swim, float; to make smth. float. +júzeki a. surface, formal. +júzjıllıq 1. a. centenary, centennial; 2. n. centennial; one-hundredth anniversary. +júzik n. (finger) ring; nekelik júzigi wedding-ring. +júzim n. grape(s); ~putaǵı vine. +júzimlik n. vineyard. +júzimshilik n. viticulture. +júzinshi num. ord. hundredth. +júziwshi n. swimmer. +júzdey num. card. one hundred, about one hundred, nearly one hundred. +júzli a. aq ~ white-faced. +júzlik n. one hundred. +júziw v. 1) swim; 2) float. +júk n. 1) load, cargo; 2) weight; ~ tasıwshı loader; stevedore; ~ túsiriw to unload; 3) luggage, baggage; ~ tasıwshıpoezd baggage (goods) train; 4) burden (awıspalı máni). +júklew v. load, ship; charge; <> ayıptı birewge ~ to throw the blame on smb. +júkli a. 1) loaded, embarked (keme); entrained (vagon); embussed (mashina); 2) <> ~ bolıw to become pregnant. +jún n. wool (material); hair (maldiki); ~li (júnli-baraq, túkli) shaggy; shaggy-haired. +júrgiziw v. 1) move; to walk; to make smb. walk (run); 2) wind (wound); motordı ~ to start a motor; saattı ~ (tawlaw) to wind up a watch. +júrek 1. n. heart; <> ~ úmit penen jasaydı (Maqal) if it were not for hope, the heart would break; <> ~ jalǵaw to have a snack; to take a bite, to pick a mouthful; 2. a. dare; ~ etiw to dare. +júrek-awırıw (ókpe awırıw) 1. n. med. 1) tuberculosis; 2) heart-disease; heartache, heartbeat; heart failure; 2. a. tubercular, tuberculosis; consumptive. +júrekli a. brave, courageous, bold, audacious, intrepid. +júreklilik n. gallantry, bravery, courage, boldness. +júreksiz a. adv. 1) cowardly; 2) heartless. +júrim n. life, being. +júris n. 1) move; 2) walking; going. +júriw v. go, walk; move; ride (kólik penen); ayaqtıń ushı menen ásten ~ to tiptoe. +jıbırlaw v. fidget. +jıǵılıw v. 1) fall down, drop; 2) come down, collapse; 3) fail; imtixanda ~ to fail in the examination. +jıǵıw v. 1) fall down; 2) overthrow; upset +jıynaw v. (ónimdi) harvest. +jıyın-terim n. harvesting, harvest, gathering in; ~ kampaniyası harvesting campaign; ~ mashinası harvester; gúdilewshi mashina (~) harvester, stacker. +jıyılatuǵın a. 1) folding; 2) assembling; collapsible; ~ úyler prefabricated houses. +jıyıstırıw I v. 1) take away; remove; 2) (dásturxandı) clear the table; 3) (ónimdi) tidy up; do the room.
II n. tidying up; putting in order; doing up. +jıyıw I v. 1) collect; gather; pick (gúl, paxta hám t.b.); 2) take away; 3) assemble.
II n. tex. assembly; ~ cexi assembly shop; assembling department; kosmosta ~ assembly in space. +jıldırım n. thunderbolt; ~nıń jaqtısı (sáwlesi) summer lightning. +jıljıtıw I v. dislocate; move.
II n. dislocation. +jılıstırıw v. move, push, advance. +jıynalıs n. 1) meeting, gathering; ulıwma ~ general meeting; saylaw ~ı election meeting; pravlenie ~sı Board meeting, meeting of the Board of directors; úlken ~ gala meeting; kóp xalıqlıq ~ crowded meeting; 2) (mámleketlik organ) assembly; nızam shıǵarıwshı ~ Legislative Assembly. +jıl n. year; usı ~ this year; oqıw ~ı school year; ótken ~ı last year; kelesi ~ next year; ~ boyı the whole year round; sekseninshi ~lar in the eighties; tropikalıq~ tropical year; ajdarha ~ astr. eclipse year. +jılayman n. ninny, milksop, mollycoddle, pampered man (boy, girl). +jılan n. snake; úlken ~ serpent; oq ~ cobra; ajdarha ~ dragon; ~balıq eel. +jılaw v. weep, cry. +jılawıq 1. n. weeper; 2. a. weeping. +jıldam adv. quickly; often. +jıljıw v. move, start, advance. +jıllı a. adv. warm, hot, warmly; ~ kútip alıw to give smb. a cordial (hearty) welcome; to welcome smb. +jıllıq 1. n. anniversary; 2. a. annual, yearly. +jılınıw v. (ısınıw, qızdırınıw) warm oneself; quyashqa ~ bask in the sun. +jılıtıw v. 1) (ısıtıw, qızdırıw) warm, heat; qolların ~ to warm one's hands; 2) give out warmth. +julqıw v. pull (out of). +jılt ~ etiw to flash; jılt-jılt etiw to twinkle. +jıltıw v. warm, heat; get smth. warmed, boil. . +jıltıraw v. shine, glitter. +jıltıldaw I v. twinkle, sparkle.
II n. sparkling, twinkling, glitter, glare. +jılısıw v. move. +jılıw v. grow warm; be boiling. +jılwa n. grace; prayer. +jım a. silent, calm; ~ bolıw, ~ turıw to keep silent. +jım-jırt a. silent. +jım-jırtlıq n. silence, calm. +jınıs n. 1) kin, family; 2) biol. genus, sex. +jıraq 1. n. distance; 2. a. distant. +jıraqlıq n. distance; remoteness. +jırtıq a. torn, lacerated (ayaq kiyim); ~ botinka torn (broken) shoes; ragged (ústibas haqqında). +jırtıw v. tear, rend; kóylekti ~ to rend one's garments; xattı ~ to tear letters to pieces. +jırtqısh n. beast of prey; ~ qus bird of prey. +jyuri n. jury; sport. umpire. +zabastovka n. strike; siyasiy ~ political strike; ekonomikalıq ~ economic strike; italiansha ~ sit-down strike; ~ jasaw to strike; to go on strike. +zabastovkashı n. striker. +zavod n. works, factory, mill, plant; traktor ~ ı tractor plant. +zaǵara n. bread; ~ nan hoe-cake (amer.); maize flour, bread. +zayom n. loan; mámleketlik ~ State loan; ~ shıǵarıw to issue a loan. +zayıp n. wife; meniń zayıbım my wife. +zakaz 1. n. order; ~ǵa to order, to measure; 2. a. made to order; made to measure; ~ xat registered letter. +zakazshı n. client, consumer. +zakon n. law; fiz. Plank ~ı Planck law; Puasson ~ı Poisson's law. +zakonlastırıw v. legalize. +zakonlı a. legal, legitimate. +zakonlılıq n. legality. +zakonsız a. illegal, illegitimate, illicit. +zakuska n. snack; ~ etiw, ~ qılıw to have a snack. +zal n. hall, room; kútiw ~ı waiting-room; sud ~ı court-room. +zalp n. 1) volley; ~ beriw to fire a volley; 2) swallow, gulp; ~ penen ishiw to drink off at one gulp. +zalım 1. a. tyranic, tyrannical, tyrannous; despotic, oppressive; 2. n. oppressor, tyrant, despot. +zalımlıq n. oppression, tyranny, despotism, tyrannical act. +zamazka n. 1) putty (nárseler); 2) (tásiri) closing up; fixing with putty; ~ qılıw to paint over; to putty (the windows); besmear. +zaman n. 1) time, moment; sol ~da at that moment; bir ~da a moment, just a moment; 2) gram. tense; ótken ~ past tense; házirgi ~ present tense; kelesi (keler) ~ future tense. +zamanagóy a. contemporary, modern, up-to-date. +zamanlas n. contemporary. +zamarıq n. mushroom. +zań n. law. +zapas n. stock, supply. +zar 1. n. grief, sorrow; ~ın tartıw to grieve, to be sad; 2. a. 1) sad, mournful, grievous, unfortunate; 2) in need, be in need. +zarodısh n. embryo. +zat n. 1) thing; material; ıssılıqqa shıdamlı ~ refractory material; suwıtıwshı ~ refrigerant; 2) adamzat mankind; humanity. +zawıq-sapa q. zawıq. +zawıq n. pleasure, delight, enjoyment. +zawıq-keshe n. party; jańa jıl ~si New Year party. +zawıqlanıw v. be satisfied, enjoy, take pleasure (in). +zachyot n. credit, test; ~ tapsırıw to pass a test yamasa test. +zábir a. injury, bruise, hurt; ~ keltiriw to hurt oneself. +zálál n. loss, damage. +zámber n. stretcher (sg.), litter (sg.) (amer.); hand-barrow (sg.) (júk ushın). +zánber n. q. zámber. +záńgi n. 1) staircase, stairs (pl.) ladder; ~den túsiw to go downstairs; ~den shıǵıp barıw to go up the steps; 2) step. +záńgiles n. contemporary. +zárbe n. blow; shock; ~ beriw to deal yamasa to strike a blow. +zárre ~ni ushıratuǵın terrible; dreadful; meniń ~mdi ushırdı I got (became) afraid; I am terrified. +zárúr mod. w. urgent; urging, necessary; júdá ~ problema very necessary problem, very (extremely) urgent problem; bir nársege júdá ~ bolıw to be in urgent need of smth. +zárúrli a. necessary; important. +zárúrlik n. need, necessity, urgency. +zárúw mod. word. q. zárúr. +záhár n. poison. +záhárli a. poisonous, venomous. +záhárlewshi ~ zat war gas. +zveno n. link; ~ baslıǵı field-team leader. +zeyin n. quick wits, quickness of wit. +zeyinli a. quick-witted, sharp, bright. +zeyinsiz a. dull, slow-witted, stupid. +zeyinsizlik n. slowness, dullness. +zenit 1. n. astr. zenith; ~ aralıǵı zenith distance; 2. a. zenithal. +zerger n. engraver. +zergershi q. zerger. +zeren n. soup-plate. +zerigiw v. be bored, be lonely. +ziynet I n. 1) decoration; ornamentation; 2) ornament; adornment.
II n. 1) treating; 2) refreshments; ~ etiw to treat (to); to banquet. +ziyre n. bot. 1) caraway (ósimlik); 2) (tuqımı) caraway-seeds. +ziyrek a. experienced; skilful. +zildey a. heavy. +ziyarat n. pilgrimage; visit; ~ etiw to visit, to call on, to come to see, to go to pilgrimage (diniy). +zindan n. dungeon; ~ǵa salıw to dungeon. +zirlew v. be frightened (with), startled (with); ol zirleydi júredi he is afraid of everything. +znachok n. badge-emblem. +zona n. geogr. zone; janıw ~sı flame zone; qaptallasıw (ushrasıw) ~sı (kosmoslıq apparaturalardıń) docking area. +zoolog n. zoologist. +zoologiya n. zoology. +zoopark n. zoological, garden(s), Zoo. +zootexnik n. zoo technician, live-stock expert (specialist). +zor a. 1) good, beautiful, nice; 2) large, big, tall. +zoraytıw v. 1) enlarge, widen; 2) improve, make better; strengthen. +zorayıw v. to increase; rise; to grow, develop. +zorǵa adv. hardly; nearly, almost; zordan-~ scarcely; with difficulty. +zordan adv. hardly; nearly, almost; ~ zorǵa scarcely. +zorlaw v. make, compel, force, cause. +zorlanıw v. complain (of). +zorlıq n. violence; ~ etiw to violate; ~ siyasatı the policy of strength (force). +zulım n. oppression, yoke. +zulımlıq n. despotism; ~ etiw to oppress. +zuwlaw v. whistle; (oq haqqında) whine. +zúráát n. product; foodstuffs, provision. +zúráátli a. productive. +zúráátlilik n. fertility; productivity. +zıǵır 1. n. flax; 2. a. flaxen; ~ mayı linseed-oil. +zıyıq n. stake, picket; <> ~qa otırǵızıp eltiriw to impale. +zım-ǵayıp ~ bolıw to vanish. +zıyada a. better. +zıyan n. 1) harm, damage, injury; 2) loss. +zıyanlanıw I v. suffer (from), suffer for.
II n. damage, injury. +zıyanlı a. 1) harmful, bad; 2) unprofitable; injurious, unhealthy (den-sawlıqqa). +zıyanlı-jánlik n. vermin. +zıyansızlandırıw v. to harmless. +ibarat ~ bolıw consist (of); gruppa jigirma oqıwshıdan ~ the group consists of twenty pupils. +ideal n. ideal, a standard of perfection. +idealizm n. idealism. +idealistlik a. idealistic. +ideallastırıw v. idealize. +ideolog n. ideologist. +ideologiya n. ideology. +ideologiyalıq a. ideological. +idioma n. lingv. idiom; ~tik idiomatic. +ijara n. rent; ~ǵa beriw to lease to rent; ~ haqı rent. +iz n. track, footprint (ayaqtiki), scent (haywandiki); ~ine túsiw 1) watch, spy on (ańlıw); keep an eye (on); 2) follow; fiz. kondensaciyalık ~ condensation trail. +izertlew I n. investigation, research, exploration, analysis; ilim ~ institutı research institute; kosmostı (kosmoslıq keńislikti) ~ space research.
II v. explore, research, investigate. +izertlewshi n. investigator, explorer. +izlew v. look (for), search (for). +izolyaciya n. isolation. +izsiz adv. a. traceless. +izshi n. pathfinder. +iybiniw v. to be shy, to be ashamed. +iye n. 1) master, boss; host; 2) owner, proprietor, landlord; 3) mistress, hostess, landlady (hayal). +iyek n. chin. +iyelew v. 1) take possession (yamasa hold of) possess; 2) master. +iyelik n. possession; ~ qılıw, ~ etiw to possess, to own. +iyilgish a. fording, collapsible; ~ (jumsaq) qalta yamasa bak expulsion (kosm.). +iyildiriw v. bend, bend down, incline. +iyiliw v. bow; ~lip sálem beriw to take a bow (qol shapalaqlarǵa). +iyin n. shoulder. +iyiriw I v. spin, weave (wove).
II n. spinning, web. +iyiriwshi n. spinner, weaver. +iyis n. 1) smell, odour, scent aroma (jaǵımlı); 2) stink (jaǵımsız). +iyiskew I v. smell.
II n. smell. +iyisli a. fragrant, odorous, odoriferous, sweet-scented. +iyiw v. bend, bend down, incline. +iykemsiz a. incapable, unfit, dull (oqıwshı haqqında). +iykemsizlik n. 1) incapability; 2) incapacity, dullness (oqıwshılar haqqında). +iylew I v. 1) knead; 2) tan (teri); puddle (ılay).
II n. 1) kneading; 2) tanning, tannage. +iymeytiw v. bend, bend down; crook, curve. +iymek a. crooked, curved; wry; ~ pıshaq hook. +iyne n. needle; patefon ~si gramophone needle; ~niń kózi needle's eye. +iynelik n. zool. dragonfly. +iyt n. dog; kosmosqa ushırılǵan ~ space dog. +iytbalıq n. zool. tadpole. +iyteriw v. move, push, advance; shove. +ikram n. habit; izzet-ikram respect; esteem; expression of esteem. +ilaj n. possibility, (the) way out. +ilajsız a. hopeless, desperate, helpless. +ilahiyda adv. extraordinary, very. +ilgek n. hook; tab, hanger. +ilgeri adv. before, previously, formerly; ~ zamanda formerly. +ilgeriden adv. beforehand, in good time; ~ (aldın-ala) tólep qoyıw to pay in advance. +ilgish n. hanger; peg. +ildiriw v. 1) pin; 2) button up; fasten; hook up; buckle, clasp. +ildirmey adv. unbuttoned. +ilik a. closed, shut. +ilim n. 1) science; kosmoslık ~ space science; ~ge beriliw to give oneself up to science; to devote oneself wholly to science; 2) knowledge; 3) learning; ~ dárejesi academic degree. +ilimiy a. scientific; ~ xızmetker scientist; ulıwma xalıqlıq ~ ádebiyat popular scientific literature. +ilimli a. educated; learned. +ilimpaz n. scientist, scholar. +ilimsiz a. uneducated; without knowledge; <> ~ kúsheniw beldi sındıradı (Maqal) zeal without knowledge is a run-away horse. +iliw v. 1) hang; 2) catch; hook. +ilmeshek n. pin, tie-pin. +imarat n. building; house; ~ salıw (qurıw) to build a house. +imaratshı n. builder. +imkaniyat ft. possibility, opportunity, chance (qolaylı payt); ~ beriw to give a chance, enable; ~tan paydalanbaw to lose an opportunity. +imlá 1. n. spelling, orthography; 2. a. orthographical. +imperator n. emperor. +imperializm n. imperialism. +imperialist n. imperialist. +imperiya n. empire. +import n. import; ~ etiw to import. +imtixan n. examination; test; (awız.) exam; ~ alıw to examine, to conduct examination; ~ tapsırıw to pass (to take) an examination, to sit for an examination; ~da qulaw to fail at an examination; kiriw ~ı (entrance) admission examination; pitkeriw ~ı final; finals; school-leaving examination; konkurslı ~ competitive examination; kurstan-kursqa ótiw ~ı end-of-year examination, course examination; juwmaqlawshı ~ final examination; mámleketlik ~ graduation examination; yarım jıllıq ~ (term) midsemester examination; klasstan klassqa ótiw ~ı promotion examination; aldın-ala ótkeriletuǵın ~ preliminary examination; ~ ushın bayan essay-type examination. +in n. 1) nest, aerie (jabayı qustiki); 2) den, lair; ~ge kirip ketiw to lair. +inabat n. honour. +inabatlı a. 1) honourable, honorable (amer.), reputable; 2) honorary; accompanied with marks of honour; ~ adam a man of honour. +inam n. present, boon, gift, favour, benefit, blessing; ~ etiw, (~ qılıw) to present smb. (with). +inandırıw v. assure; to make believe, (en)trust. +inanıw v. believe. +invalid n. invalid; miynet ~i disabled worker. +inventar n. 1) inventory; 2) stock; awıl xojalıǵı ~ı agricultural implements pl.; 3) sport ~ı sport equipments. +ind n. American (Red) Indian. +indikator n. indicator, display; radiolokaciyalıq ~ (ekran) radarscope. +indiya 1. n. India; 2. a. Indian. +indiyalı n. Indian. +indoneziya n. Indonesia. +indoneziyalı n. Indonesian. +induktor n. el. inductor; jer ~ı earth inductor. +industriya n. q. sanaat. +injener n. engineer; (~-)zvukooperator audio-control engineer; ~-konstruktor designing engineer; development engineer; ~-eksperimentator experimental engineer; montajlaw ~i installation engineer; ilim izertlew jumıslarınıń ~i research engineer; ~-zvukotexnik sound engineer; ~-pedagog (mashina menen oqıtıw boyınsha qánige) teaching engineer. +ini n. junior brother; little brother. +inkar 1. n. negation; 2. a. negative; ~ etiw to deny. +inkubator n. incubator. +inkubaciyalıq a. incubative; ~ dáwiri incubation (period). +inkubaciya n. incubation. +insan n. 1) man, person; human being; ápiwayı (jay) ~ ordinary (average) man; ~ ańı the human mind; ~ tábiyatı human nature; 2) personality. +insanlıq n. humaneness, humanity. +insaniyat n. humanity, mankind. +insap n. justice, honesty, conscience; ~ penen with a clear conscience; ~sızlıqpenen with guilty conscience; ~ıńız barma? have you any conscience? +insaplı a. just, fair, honest; conscientious. +insapsız 1. a. unjust, unfair; dishonest; 2. adv. unfairly; dishonestly, unconsciously. +insapsızlıq n. injustice, dishonesty; unconsciousness. +inspektor n. inspector. +inspekciya n. inspection; miynet ~sı labour inspection. +instanciya n. instance. +instinkt n. instinct; saqlanıw ~i instinct of self-preservation; ~ boyınsha instinctively. +institut n. 1) institute (Institute); pedagogikalıq ~ pedagogical institute; ilim-izertlew ~ı (scientific) research institute; xalıq aralıq pedagogikalıq tájiriybeni almastırıw ~ı Institute of International Education; 2) institution; keń (hár qıylı) tarawlı ~ comprehensive institution; ilimiy dáreje beretuǵın ~ degree-granting institution; oqıw ~ı (scholastic) educational institution; 1) jeke-menshik oqıw (ornı) ~ı; 2) jabıq oqıw (ornı) ~ı non-public institution; jámiyetlik oqıw (ornı) ~ı public institution; ped ~ (muǵallimler tayarlaw ~ı) teachers' training college. +instruktor n. instructor; ~ hayal instructress. +instrukciya n. instruction; ~ beriw to instruct someone. +instrument n. instrument, tool; implement; tools pl. +instrumentlik a. 1) instrumental; 2) tool-making. +integral a. mat. integral. +integrator n. integrator. +integraciya n. integration. +intelligent 1. a. cultured; intelligent; 2. n. one of the intelligentsia; intellectual. +intelligenciya n. intelligentsia; the intellectuals. +indendant n. commissary. +intendantlıq a. commissariat. +intensiv a. intensive. +intensifikaciya a. intensification. +interval n. fiz., muz. interval, space, gap. +intervent n. interventionist. +intervenciya n. intervention. +intervyu n. interview; ~ alıw to interview; ~ beriw to give smb. an interview; ~ beriwshi interviewee. +internat n. boarding-school. +internacional I n. tar. international.
II n. (gimn) The Internationale. +internacionallıq a. international. +internacionalizm n. internationalism. +intonaciya n. intonation; tune. +intonaciyalaw v. intone. +introdukciya n. muz. introduction. +infekciya n. infection, contagion. +infekciyalıq a. infectious, contagious; ~ (juqpalı) awırıw infectious disease. +infinitiv n. infinitive. +inflyaciya n. ek. inflation. +informant n. informant. +informator n. informator. +informaciya n. information. +informacion a. informational; information; ~ byuro information bureau. +infraqızıl a. fiz. infra-red. +inekciya n. med. injection; ~ jasaw to make an injection; to inject. +ińir n. twilight; night. +ion n. fiz. ion; ~ teoriyası ionic theory. +ionizaciya n. ionization. +ionosfera n. fiz. ionosphere. +iranlıq a. Iranian. +irgeles n. neighbour. +iri a. big, tall. +iridiy n. xim. iridium. +irkinish n. prohibition, ban; ~ etiw to forbid, to prohibit, to ban; obstacle, hindrance; ~ beriw to prevent (from), to stand in the way (of). +irkiwxana n. prison, jail; ~dan qashıw to break prison; ~ǵa qamaw to put in prison. +irlandiya (irland) a. Irish. +irlandiyalı n. Irishman; Irishwoman (hayal). +irradiaciya n. fiz. irradiation. +irrigator n. irrigator. +irrigaciya n. irrigation. +iriw (shiriw) I v. rot.
II n. rot; rotting; suppuration. +ironiya n. irony. +ironnyalıq a. ironical. +is I n. 1) work; job; toil, labour; employment; task; duty; sabaqtıń ~ planı scheme of study; ~ke asırıw to use, apply, employ, put into practice; 2) business; occupation.
II n. spit. +isenbew v. disbelieve. +isenbewshilik n. disbelief. +isendiriw v. convince; to make smb. believe, to cause to believe. +isenim n. faith, trust, confidence, loyalty, faithfulness, conviction, belief; reliance (upon, on, in). +isenimli a. 1) trustworthy (adam); 2) authentic (siyasat, kitaplar); 3) faithful, truth, loyal; 4) sure; ~ bolıw to be sure. +isenimlilik n. reliability; ~ dárejesi reliability probability. +iseniw v. believe (in); birewdiń sózine ~ to take smb.'s word for truth; take on trust; birewge ~ to place (have, feel) reliance in (upon, on) smb. (smth.). +isik n. swelling, tumour; phlegmon (med.) (awırıw tistiń sebebinen payda bolǵan). +isim n. name; ~ińiz kim? what is your name? +isiniw v. q. isiw. +isiw v. swell. +iskene n. chisel. +isker a. experienced; skilful, skilled. +iskusstvo (kórkem óner) n. 1) art; 2) skill, mastership. +islam n. Islam. +island n. 1. Icelander; 2. a.: ~ tili the Icelandic language. +isletiw v. to make smb. work. +islew v. work; doktorlıq dissertaciya ústinde ~ to work at one's doctorate, to read for one's doctorate; kóp (awır jumıs) ~ to work hard; eki, úsh smenada ~ to work in two, three shifts. +isnad n. disgrace, shame; ~ keltiriw to disgrace. +ispan 1. n. Spaniard; 2. a. Spanish; ~ tili the Spanish language. +issiz 1. a. unemployed, jobless (amer.); ~ qalıw to be out of work; 2. n. unemployed. +issizlik n. unemployment. +istrebitel n. ásk. fighter; pursuit plane (amer.); kosmoslıq ~ space fighter. +issheń a. business-like, efficient. +isxana n. workshop. +itibar n. attention, care; ~ beriw 1) to take into consideration; 2) to pay attention to. +itibarsız a. indifferent, careless. +itimal adv. possibly, perhaps, maybe. +itimallıq n. possibility, opportunity, chance (qolay payt); mat. probability; ~ teoriyası probability theory; ~lardıń Puasson zakonı boyınsha tarqalıwı Poisson's probability distribution. +itiyaj n. want, necessity, need, demand. +ituzum n. bot. Solomon's seal. +ihtiyat a. care, prudence, caution; ~ bolıw 1) guard (against), protect (from), defend (from); 2) guard oneself, protect oneself, defend oneself. +ihtiyatlı a. 1) careful; 2) cautious, prudent. +ihtiyatlıq n. 1) care; 2) caution, prudence; ~ penen carefully. +ish I n. stomach; belly; ~ burıw dysentery, looseness; ~ súzegi typhoid.
II n. 1) interior; 2) internal organs; inside; 3) úy ~ine into the room; úy ~inde in the room; 4) among; olardıń ~inde among them; xalıq ~inde among people; 5) úsh kún ~inde in three days, during (for) three days. +isharat n. 1) sign, gesture, ~ etiw gesticulate; 2) signal. +ishek 1. n. intestine; 2. a. intestinal. +ishik n. sheep-skin jacket. +ishimlik 1. n. drink; beverages; ~ suw drinking water; 2. a. drinkable. +ishinde 1) inside; úydiń ~ in the room; 2) among; bizlerdiń ishimizde among us; xalıq ~ among people; 3) bes kún ~ during five days. +ishine into, to; (bul) kitaptı sumkanıń ~ salıp qoy put the book into the bag. +ishiriw v. 1) give smb. to drink, make smb. drink; 2) to water. +ishiw v. drink; dári ~ to take medicine. +ishkeri 1. adv. in, inside, internally; 2. a. within, inside, inward; interior, internal. +ishki a. inside, inner; inward; home, internal. +ishtey n. appetite; ~ menen jew to eat heartily; <> is ~ ashar appetite comes with eating. +iyul n. July; men Leningradqa ~dıń birinde ketemen I shall leave for (go to) Leningrad on the first of July. +iyun n. June; usı jılı ~da this June. +yod n. xim. iodine. +yodlı a. iodic. +yosh n. 1) inspiration; 2) good humour (mood), cheerful mood (humour). +yoshlandırıw I v. 1) inspire; 2) to make cheerful.
II n. inspiration. +yoshlandırıwshı n. inspiring. +yoshlanıw v. 1) be (feel) inspired; 2) be in a good (cheerful) mood, be cheerful, be in good spirits; 3) get inspired. +yoshlı a. inspired. +kabel n. cable; suw astı ~i submarine cable; telefon (telegraf) ~i telephone (telegraph) cable; jer astınan júrgizilgen ~ underground cable. +kabina n. cabin; saylaw ~sı pulling booth; ushıwshı ~sı cockpit; kosmos kemesiniń ~sı space cabin. +kabinet n. study; consulting-room. +kavaler I n. cavalier; (tancada) partner.
II n. (orden iyesi) bearer of the order; altın juldız ~i bearer of the Golden Star. +kavalerist n. cavalryman. +kavaleriya n. cavalry, mounted troops. +kavkazlı 1. n. Caucasian; 2. a. Caucasian. +kagor n. (vino) Cahors wine. +kadr I n. cadre.
II n. (kino) frame, still, close-up. +kazak n. Cossack. +kazarma n. barracks. +kakao n. cocoa. +kalendar n. calendar; stol ~ı loose-leaf calendar (yamasa table); jırtpa ~ tear-off calendar. +kalibr n. tex. gauge ásk. calibre. +kaliy n. xim. potassium. +kalligrafiya n. calligraphy. +kalorizator n. tex. hot-bulb. +kalorimetr n. fiz. calorimeter. +kaloriya n. fiz. calorie. +kalka n. 1) tracing-paper; tracing-cloth; 2) lingv. translation loan. +kalkulyaciya n. calculation. +kalciy n. xim. calcium. +kambala n. zool. plaice, flounder. +kameliya n. bot. camellia. +kamera n. 1) cell; chamber; bagaj saqlanatuǵın ~ cloak-room; 2) (túrmede) cell; ward; foto ~ camera; televiziyalıq ~ television camera; TV camera; aynalmalı ~ revolving room; sesti ótkermeytuǵın ~ soundproof chamber. +kampaniya n. 1) campaign; jıyın terim ~sı harvesting campaign; saylaw ~sı election campaign; +kamfora n. farm. camphor. +kanal n. 1) canal; channel; 2) anat. duct, canal. +kanalizaciya n. sewerage. +kandidat n. candidate; ilim ~ı candidate of science; partiya aǵzalıǵına ~ candidate-member of the party. +kandidatura n. candidature; candidacy. +kanikul n. vacation (mektepte) holiday; (amer.) recess. +kantata n. muz. cantata. +kancler n. chancellor. +kapillyar n. fiz., anat. capillary; ~ temirler capillary vessel. +kapital n. capital; sanaat ~ı industrial capital; sawda ~ı trade capital; finans ~ı financial capital. +kapitalizm n. capitalism. +kapitalist n. capitalist. +kapitan n. captain. +kapitulyaciya n. capitulation, surrender. +kapron n. capron (kind of nylon). +kapusta n. cabbage. +karakul 1. n. astrakhan; 2. attr. astrakhan. +karantin n. quarantine. +karikatura n. caricature; cartoon. +karikaturashı n. caricaturist. +karkas n. frame, framework. +karnaval n. carnival. +karniz n. arx. cornice; ledge. +karta n. 1) geogr. map; juldızlar ~sı star chart; 2) (oynaytuǵın) (playing-) -card; túyeniń valeti, túyeniń daması, túyeniń onlıǵı knave of hearts, queen of hearts, ten of hearts. +kartina n. teatr. scene. +kartogramma n. cartogram. +kartograf n. cartographer. +kartografiya n. cartography. +karton n. pasteboard; cardboard, board. +kartoteka n. card-index. +kartofel n. potato. +kartochka n. card; bibliografiyalıq (katalog) ~ index-card. +karusel n. merry-go-round; roundabout; whirligig. +kassa n. 1) booking-office (temir jolda); 2) cash-box; pay desk (magazinde); box-office (teatrda); 3) óz-ara járdem ~sı mutual aid fund, mutual insurance fund; amanat ~sı saving-bank. +kasseta n. fot. plate-holder. +kassir n. cashier. +kastryul n. pan, stew-pan; saucepan. +katalog n. catalogue. +kategoriya n. category; grammatikalıq ~ grammatical category. +kater n. teń. cutter; torpedo ~i motor torpedo boat. +katod n. fiz. cathode. +katolik n. (Roman) catholic. +katoliklik n. Catholicism. +katyusha n. ásk. multi-rail; rocket projector; rocked-truck. +kauchuk n. rubber, caoutchouc. +kafe n. cafe, cafeteria (amer.); coffee-house; jazǵı ~ open-air cafe. +kafedra n. 1) (institutta) chair, department; ~ baslıǵı head of the chair; 2) (lektor ushın) chair; 3) (shirkewde) pulpit. +kayuta n. room, cabin. +káyip n. q. keyip. +kámal n. perfection; ~ǵa keliw to attain (achieve) perfection. +kámar n. belt; girdle. +kámbaǵal 1) a. poor; 2) n. poor man; ~ diyxan poor peasant. +kámbaǵallıq n. poverty; need; <> ~ ayıp emes (Maqal) poverty is no sin. +kámzol n. awız. suit. +kán n. 1) mine, pit; altın ~i gold-field; deposit; kómir ~i coalfield; neft ~i oilfield. +kánshi n. miner. +kár n. 1) occupation; pursuit, employment, work, business; 2) profession, trade; occupation; kúndelikli ~ daily pursuits; onıń ne kári bar? what is his occupation. +kárwan n. caravan; <> iyt-úredi ~ ótedi (Maqal) dogs bark, caravans go on. +kárxana n. enterprise. +kásip n. 1) profession, occupation, trade; kásibińiz ne? what is your profession?; 2) (etikshi) shoemaker. +kásipshi n. specialist (in); expert (in). +kát n. bed; bed-stead; trestle-bed (balalardıń ~i) cot, crib; poxodlıq ~ camp-bed; jıynalmalı ~ folding bed; eki kisilik ~ double-bed. +kvadrat n. square; ~ teńleme quadratic equation; ~qa alıw to square. +kvartal n. 1) block (qalanıń bir bólegi); 2) quarter (jıldıń tórtten biri). +kvartallıq a. quarterly; local; ~ esap trimestrial account; ~ waqıt local time; ~ sanaat local industry; ~ xalıq inhabitant. +kvartira n. apartments; lodging; flat; ~ haqısı rent. +kvartirshi n. lodger, tenant. +kvartet n. muz. quartet(te). +kvas n. kvass. +kvinta muz. quint. +kvintet n. quintet(te). +kvitanciya n. receipt, acknowledgement; bagaj ~sı luggage (baggage) ticket. +kegirdek n. anat. gullet; throat; larynx. +keyin adv. 1) then; after that; afterwards; later on; ol hámmeden ~ keldi he came last; 2) after; end; onnan ~ after that. +keyingi a. 1) last; latter, (the) latest; new; 2) following, next (náwbettegi); 3) further; 4) hinder (ayaq). +keyinde adv. prep, behind; from behind. +keyip n. mood, frame of mind, pleasure, enjoyment; ~ etiw (keyipleniw) to enjoy, to take pleasure (in); jaqsı ~te bolıw to be in good humour; to be in good spirits; jaman ~te bolıw to be in a bad mood, to be in low spirits. +keyp-kanaveral (AQShtıń raketalıq-izertlew orayı) n. Cape Canaveral. +keyiw v. reprove, scold; criticize. +keyf n. q. keyip. +kek n. vengeance, revenge; ~ alıw to revenge; masqaralaǵanı ushın ~ alıw to revenge an insult. +kekilik n. partridge. +kekse 1. n. old man; old aged person; elder; 2. a. old, old aged; ~ bolıw to grow old. +kelbet n. figure. +kelbetli a. slender, slim, well shaped. +keler a. future; ~ máhál gram. the future (tense); ~ jıl(da) next year. +kelesi I n. (the) future.
II a. following, next; ~ sapar next time. +keleshek 1. n. (the) future; ~te in the future; 2. a. future; ~ áwladlar future generation; (the) next generation. +kelim-ketim n. guests. +kelin n. 1) bride; 2) daughter-in-law (pl. daughters-in-law). +kelisim n. 1) agreement, contract, treaty (siyasiy), pact; paraxatshılıq ~i peace treaty; 2) compromise; ~ge keliw compromise, make a compromise; 3) reconcilement; reconciliation. +kelisiw I v. 1) agree (with); 2) make it up (with); reconcile oneself (with, to), be reconciled (to).
II n. 1) peace, reconciliation; 2) gram. agreement, concord, concordance, coordination. +kelispewshilik n. disagreement. +keliw I v. come, arrive; juwmaqqa ~ to come to the conclusion; ózine ~ to come to oneself; qaytıp ~ come back, to return, to draw near, to approach; dus ~ to meet; barıp ~ to go (come) and see.
II n. coming, arrival. +kelte a. short. +keltiriw v. bring; payda ~ to be of use; tártipke ~ to put in order; háreketke ~ to set in motion. +kem a. 1) small, little; ~ tájiriybeli inexperienced; little experience; kem-kem little by little; bit by bit; gradually; rarely; seldom; 2) to; saat sheregi ~ on (it is) a quarter to ten. +keme n. 1) boat; eki (tórt) eskekli ~ two-oar (four-oar) boat; motorlı ~ motor boat, power-boat, suw astı ~si submarine; qutqarıwshı ~ life-boat; 2) ship, vessel; passajirler ~i passenger ship, liner; sawda ~si merchant ship (vessel); (áskeriy) urıs ~si warship, man-of-war; kosmos ~si spacecraft, spaceship; planeta aralıq kosmos ~si escape vehicle; raketa alıp júriwshi hawa ~ rocket ship; ~de on board; ~ soǵıw óndirisi ship-building; ~de júziw (júriw) to boat; to go boating; 2. a. ~ sportı boating; ~ (stanciyası) jaǵısı boating station, boat-house; <> ushan-qayıq (keme) uzaqqa júzedi (Maqal) a great ship asks deep waters. +kemeshi n. boatman; ferryman. +kemiriw v. gnaw, bite. +kemis n. lack (of), deficiency (in); short-coming; defect. +kemitiw v. diminish; decrease; shorten; tezlikti ~ to slow down; to reduce; lower. +kemiw v. diminish; decrease. +kempir n. old woman. +kemsitiw I v. 1) humble; humiliate; 2) disparage; depreciate.
II n. discrimination, humiliation. +kemtarlıq n. insufficiency. +kemtar a. poor, insufficient. +kemtarshılıq n. q. kemtarlıq. +kemshilik n. 1) lack; deficiency; shortage; scarcity; defect; shortcoming; jetiskenshilik jáne ~ler merits and demerits; 2) minority. +ken q. kán. +keń 1. a. broad, wide; ~ kóylek loose dress; ~ massa the broad mass; 2.: ~ peyil generous, magnanimous; ~ peyillik generosity, magnanimity; 3. adv. widely. +keńeyiw I v. fiz. widen, extend.
II n. widening, enlargement. +keńeyttiriw v. widen, enlarge. +keńeytiw v. enlarge; widen, expand; broaden, fiz. dilate. +keńes n. 1) conference; meeting; council; qáwipsizlik ~i Security Council; AQShtıń kosmostı izertlew ilimiy ~si Space Science Board; AQShtıń aviaciya hám kosmonavtika boyınsha Milliy ~si National Aeronautics and Space Council; 2) advice; ~ beriw to give a piece of advice, to advise. +keńesiw v. deliberate, consult; take counsel. +keńislik n. 1) width; úsh metr ~te three metres wide; 2) geogr. a) latitude; geografiyalıq ~ topographical latitude; geodeziyalıq ~ geodetic latitude; 6) space; kún átirapındaǵı ~ solar space; jer hám mars orbitaları arasındaǵı kosmoslıq ~ cis-Martian space; ay orbitası ishindegi kosmoslıq ~ cis-lunar space; hawasız ~ free space; jaqın planeta aralıq ~ adjacent interplanetary space; ~-waqıt space-time. +keńlik n. q. keńislik. +keńse n. office. +kepil n. bail; ~ge alıw to bail, to go bail (for), ~ge alınǵan (adam) hostage. +kepillik n. guarantee; bail. +kepin n. shroud, cerement. +kepter n. dove, pigeon; paraxatshılıq ~i the Dove of Peace. +kepterxana n. pigeonry. +keptiriw I v. dry up.
II n. drying; airing. +kerek (iyesiz gáp) it is necessary; maǵan járdem ~ I must have help; I need help; I want to be helped; ketiwim ~ I must go; maǵan ~ I want, I need; ~ emes it is not necessary; keregi joq there is no need (to). +kerekli a. important, necessary. +kereklilik n. 1) need, necessity; 2) importance. +kereksiz a. unnecessary. +kerosin n. kerosene. +kesbas n. noodle. +kese n. bowl, cup. +kesel 1. n. illness, disease; ~ge ushıraw (jolıǵıw) to fall ill; 2. a. ill, unwell; diseased. +keselleniw n. be ill, fall ill, to get ill. +kesellik n. illness, disease. +kesent n. obstacle, hindrance, impediment; ~ keltiriw to put obstacles in smb.'s way. +keselxana n. hospital; ~da jatıw to go to hospital; to be in hospital. +kesik n. cut, incision. +kesindi n. patch. +kesiw I v. 1) cut; carve, (carved; carved, carven); fell, stump (aǵashtı); 2) sentence (to); condemn (to) (húkim shıǵarıw); 3) cross; kósheni kesip ótiw to cross the street. +kesisiw v. cross, intersect. +keskinlesiw v. become sharp; become aggravate (qatnasıǵı). +keskinlestiriw v. sharpen; aggravate; strain. +keskinlik n. tensity, tension; become strained; xalıqara ~ti jumsatıw to cease (lessen, relax, reduce) international tension. +keskir a. q. ótkir. +keste n. embroidery, drawn-threat work; ~ iynesi needle for thread work. +ketek n. cage. +ketiw v. go away, depart; leave (for); pass; jumıs ornınan ~ to leave work; shıǵıp ~ to go out; to come out; to get out; ótip ~ to pass (by), (through), to go (by, past); alıp ~ to take away. +ketgiziw v. 1) remove; 2) make leave; send away; 3) spend (puldı). +ketpen n. pickax(e). +kewde n. q. gewde. +kewil n. 1) heart, soul; shınnan yamasa shın ~ menen frankly, sincerely; aq ~ generous, magnanimous; 2) spirit; onıń ~i qattı suwıdı he is in low spirits, he is out of spirits; 3) wish; 4) care (of, for); ~in alıw (tabıw) to coax. +kewilles a. unanimous. +kewilleslik n. unanimity, solidarity. +kewilli 1. a. sincere, heartfelt; 2. n. volunteer. +kewilsiz a. 1) unpleasant, disagreeable; 2) cheerless, dull, boring, sad. +kewilshek a. kind; placid, good humoured, complacent. +kesh 1. n. evening; ~ke jaqın towards evening; azannan (erteden) ~ke shekem from early morning till late at night; qayırlı kesh! good night!; 2. adv. late; ~ keliw to come late; <> heshten kesh jaqsı (Maqal) better late than never. +keshe 1. n. 1) night; ~ kúndiz day and night; 2) party; ádebiy ~ literary evening; saz-sáwbet ~si dance, dancing party; 2. adv. yesterday; ~ azanda yesterday morning. +keshegi a. yesterday's, last night's; ~ gazeta yesterday's newspaper. +kesheńlew v. be late; miss; poezdqa ~ to miss a train. +keshesi adv. at (by) night; ~ menen all night long, the whole night. +keshigiw v. be late, miss. +keshiktiriliw v. postpone. +keshirim n. forgiveness, pardon; birewden ~ soraw to beg smb.'s pardon. +keshiriw v. 1) to cause smb. to cross (river); 2) to cause smb. to deny; 3) forgive, excuse; 4) kún ~ to live, to exist. +keshiw v. 1) cross (river); 2) forgive, excuse. +keshki a. evening; ~ sabaqlar evening classes; ~ mektep evening school; ~ awqat supper; ~ poezd evening train, owl train (amer.); ~ tramvay owl car (amer.); ~ taksi owl car (amer.). +keshkisin adv. in the evening; búgin ~ to night; keshe ~ last night. +keshlikte adv. q. keshte. +keshte adv. in the evening; at night; keshe ~ last night; erteń ~ next evening. +kiyik n. zool. deer, reindeer. +kiyim n. clothes (pl.), clothing, costume, dress; sırtqı ~ street-clothes; bas ~ hat, head-dress, head-gear; ayaq ~ foot-wear; boots and shoes; kosmosqa arnawlı ~ space garment +kiyindiriw v. dress (smb.); cause to dress, cause to get dressed. +kiyiniw v. dress (oneself). +kiyiw v. put on, dress. +kilovatt n. fiz., el. kilowatt. +kilo n. q. kilogramm. +kilogramm n. kilogram(me). +kilometr n. kilometer. +kilt n. q. gilt. +kim pron. inter, who; ~ keldi? who came?; ~? who is he (she)? +kimdiki pron. inter, whose. +kimse pron. 1) someone, somebody; 2) person. +kindik n. navel; anat. umbilicus, umbilical cord; navel string. +kinetika 1. n. fiz. kinetics; 2. a. kinetic; ~ energiyası kinetic energy. +kino n. cinema; dawıslı ~ talking pictures; talkies; sound pictures; ~ǵa barıw to go to the cinema. +kinoapparat n. camera. +kinoapparatura n. cinematographic equipment. +kinoartist n. film actor; screen actor. +kinoartistka n. film actress, screen actress, (film) star. +kinoatele n. film studio. +kinojurnal n. news-reel. +kinolenta n. Film. +kinomexanik n. cinema operator. +kinooperator n. camera-man. +kinorejissyor n. motion picture producer. +kinoseans n. cinema show. +kinostudiya n. film studio. +kinoscenariy n. scenario. +kinoteatr n. cinema, (moving) picture palace; movie house. +kinofestival n. film festival. +kinofikaciya n. cinema-fication. +kinofilm n. film, motion picture. +kiosk n. kiosk, booth; gazeta satatuǵın ~ news-stall, news-stand. +kip ~ kishkene a. tiny, very little. +kir 1. n. 1) dirt, mud, dust; 2) uncleanness; ~ juwıw to wash (clothes); 2. a. dirty; dusty; muddy. +kirgiziw v. 1) let go; let in, permit; 2) enter (dizimge); 3) usınıs ~ to submit a proposal; armiyanı ~ to lead the troops in; háreketke ~ to put into operation (commission); 4) qaǵıp ~ to drive in, to hammer in; sınanı qaǵıp ~ to drive a wedge; to thrust a wedge. +kirey n. 1) fare (jol kirey); 2) rent (kvartira kireyi); 3) pay (ulıwma). +kireylew v. 1) hire; 2) lease, have on lease, hold on lease; rent. +kiris I n. buxg. receipts.
II n. 1) entrance; 2) introduction; 3) income; return; ~ sóz preface. +kirisiw v. 1) start, begin; 2) shrink (gezleme). +kirispe n. preface; introduction. +kiriw v. enter, go in, come in; kiriń! come in! +kirlew v. become dirty. +kirpi (~ sheshen, ~ tiken) n. hedgehog. +kirpik n. eyelash; ~ qaqpadı without turning an eyelash. +kirxana n. laundry, wash-house. +kise n. pocket; ~ge into the pocket; ~den out of (from) the pocket; ~de in the pocket. +kisel n. kissel, jelly. +kisen n. 1) hobble, horse-lock; 2) fetters, shackles; irons, manacle; qol ~ handcuffs, manacles; ayaqqa ~ salıw to put into irons; qolǵa ~ salıw to handcuff, to manacle. +kisenlew v. fetter; put into irons; handcuff, manacle. +kisi n. 1) man; erkek ~ man; hayal ~ woman; 2) person; one, human being; ~ler men, people. +kislorod n. xim. oxygen. +kislota a. 1) xim. acid; 2) sourness; acidity. +kislotalı a. xim. acidic. +kit n. whale; erkek ~ bullwhale; urǵashı ~ cowwhale. +kitap n. book; ~ spravochnik reference book; telefonlar kitabı telephone directory; ZAGS kitabı register; shaǵım hám usınıslar jazıw kitabı (dápteri) book of complaints; ~ shıǵarıw to publish a book. +kitapxana n. library; rayonlıq ~ local public library. +kitapxanashı n. librarian. +kishi a. 1) little, small; 2) young; younger; youngest; junior; ~ ul junior (the youngest) son; ~ ilimiy xızmetker junior research worker; <> ~ peyil polite, courteous, civil; condescending. +kishkene a. little, small; a little, a few. +kishkentay a. little one, kiddy. +kishmish n. raisins; dánesiz ~ sultana. +klass I n. classroom, room; akustikalıq ~ acoustic sound room; ses shıǵarmaytuǵın ~ anechoic room; apparatlar ~ı apparatus room; qol miyneti ~ı (ustaxana) art room; lingafon ~ı audio room; kinoapparat ~ı cinema-projection room; seslerdi jazıw ~ı (fonokabinet) machine room, recorder room, recording room; praktika sabaǵı ótetuǵın ~ practice room; seminar ótkeriletuǵın ~ recitation room; imtixan ótkeriletuǵın ~ testing room.
II n. class, form; besinshi ~ the fifth class (form). +klassik 1. n. classic; 2. a. classic, classical; ~ muzıka classical music; ~ ádebiyat classical literature. +klassifikaciya n. classification. +klasslas n. class-mate; school-mate. +klasslıq a. class; ~ gúres class struggle; ~ dushpan class enemy. +klassız a. classless; ~ jámiyet classless society. +kletka n. bot. cell. +klient n. client; customer. +klimat n. climate. +klub n. club; clubhouse. +knopka n. 1) drawing-pin (kancelyariyadaǵı); ~ menen biriktiriw to fix with a drawing-pin; 2) el. button; shaqırıw ushın ~ call button; júrgiziw (jiberiw, ushırıw) ~sı fire switch. +knyaz n. prince. +koaliciya n. coalition. +kobalt n. xim. cobalt. +kod n. code; telegraf ~i cable code. +kodeks n. code; miynet jónindegi zakonlar ~i labour code. +kokain n. cocaine; ~ járdemi menen operaciya etiw operation under cocaine. +kokos n. 1) coco; 2) coco-nut (miywesi). +koks n. coke. +kolbasa n. sausage; ıslanǵan ~ smoked sausage; qaynatıp pisirilgen ~ boiled sausage. +kolit n. med. colitis. +kollegiya n. board; advokatlar ~sı college of Barristers. +kolledj n. college. +kollektiv n. collective (body); group; association. +kollektivlesiw n. collectivization. +kollektivizm n. collectivism. +kollektivlestiriw I v. collectivize.
II n. collectivization. +kollektivlik n. collectivity. +kollektor n. 1) el . commutator, collector;2) (baspaxanada) book collector for library; 3) (truboprovod) manifold. +kollekciya n. collection. +kolliziya n. xim. collision. +koloniallıq a. colonial; ~ siyasat colonial policy; ~ másele colonial question (problem); problem of colonies. +kolonizator n. colonialist, colonizer. +kolonizaciya n. colonization. +koloniya n. colony; miynet ~sı labour settlement. +koloniyashı n. 1) colonizer; 2) colonist, settler. +kolonka n. 1) column; 2) ásk. geyser. +kolonna n. column; demonstrantlar ~sı demonstrator column; eki qatardan dúzilgen ~ (ásk.) column of files; úsh qatardan dúzilgen ~ column of threes. +kolxozlastırıw v. collectivize; to organize (into) collective farms. +kolxozlasıw n. collectivization. +kolxozshı n. collective farmer; ~ hayal woman collective farmer. +kolyur n. astr. colure. +koma (kometanıń gazlı duman obolochkası) n. coma. +komanda n. 1) sport. team; futbol ~sı football team; ~ birinshiligi team's championship; 2) ásk. party, detachment, crew; úyretiw ~sı training detachment; 3) (kemede) (ship's) crew, ship's company; qutqarıwshı ~ recovery force; ot-óshiriw ~sı fire-brigade. +komandir n. commander. +komandirlik n. command, headquarters; ~ qılıw to give orders, to command. +komandirovka n. mission, business trip; ~ǵa barıw to go on a mission; ~da bolıw to be on a mission. +kombayn n. (harvesting) combine; ~ aydawshı (harvesting) combine operator. +kombinat n. group of enterprises; <> xalıqqa mádeniy xızmet kórsetiw ~ı public utilities; training centre; personal service shop. +komediya n. comedy; ~ teatrı comedy theatre. +komendant n. 1) commandant (krepostta); town major (qalada); 2) superintendent, official in charge of quarters (turaq jayda). +komendatura n. commandant's (town-major's) office. +kometa n. astr. comet. +kometografiya n. cometography. +komissar n. commissar. +komissariat n. commissariat. +komissiya n. commission, committee; board; imtixan ~sı board of examiners; examination board; kolledjge kiriw imtixan ~sı College Entrance Examination board; tekseriw ~sı inspection board. +komitet n. 1) committee; Oraylıq Komitet Central Committee; 2) board; Xalıq bilimlendiriw ~i (Br.); Shtattıń xalıq bilimlendiriw bólimi (AQSh) Board of Education; State board of education; kosmoslıq qeńislikti izertlew ~i Committee on Space Research; B.M.Sh. janındaǵı kosmoslıq keńislikti paraxatshılıq maqsetinde paydalanıw boyınsha ~ Committee on Peaceful Use of Outer Space; AQShtıń aviaciya hám kosmos ilimi boyınsha senat ~i Senate Committee on Aeronautics and Space Sciences; AQShtıń aviaciya boyınsha Milliy konsultaciyalıq ~i National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics. +kommunizm n. communism. +kommunist n. communist. +kommunistlik a. communist; ~ partiya Communist Party. +kommunallıq a. communal; municipal; ~ xojalıǵı municipal economy; ~ xızmet public utilities. +kommuna n. commune; Parij ~sı the Paris Commune. +kommunar n. Communard. +kommutator n. el. commutator, switchboard; (antennalı) duplexer transmit-receive circuits. +kommyunike n. communiqué. +kompaniya n. 1) company; party; ~ da bolıw to keep smb. company. +komparator n. comparator. +kompartiya n. Communist Party. +kompas n. compass; negizgi ~ standard compass; teńiz ~ı mariner's compass. +kompensaciya n. compensation. +kompeska n. confiscation; ~ qılıw to confiscate. +kompleks n. complex; awıl-xojalıǵın ~li mexanizaciyalaw complex mechanization of agriculture. +komplekt n. 1) complete set; 2) (norma) complement; specified number. +komplektlew I v. 1) complete, replenish; 2) ásk. recruit, reman.
II n. 1) acquisition (kitapxanada); 2) ásk. recruitment, recruiting. +kompozitor n. muz. composer . +kompoziciya n. composition. +komponent n. component. +komposter n. punch; ~ qılıw to punch. +kompot n. stewed fruit, compote(fr.). +kompress n. compress; ~ qılıw to put a compress; to make a compress. +kompressor n. tex. compressor. +komsomol n. (Kommunistlik jaslar Soyuzı) Komsomol (the Young Communist League); ~ aǵzası Member of the Young Communist League, Member of Komsomol, Y.C.L. member. +konveyer n. conveyer; production line; ~ sisteması conveyor system. +konvert n. envelope, cover. +konvergenciya n. convergence. +konversiya n. conversion. +kongress n. congress; paraxatshılıq táreptarlarınıń jáhán Kongressi World Peace Congress; the World Congress for Peace, the World Congress of the defenders of Peace. +kodein n. farm. codeine. +kondensator n. el., radio condenser. +konditer n. confectioner, pastry-cook; ~ bólimi (magazinde) confectionery, confectioner's (shop), pastry cook's; ~ zatları confectionery, +konduktor n. conductor. +konkret a. concrete, specific. +konkretlestiriw n. concretization. +konkurent n. competitor; rival; ~ bolıw to compete. +konkurenciya n. competition. +konkurs n. competition; bos orınǵa ~ daǵazalaw to announce (open) a vacancy; ~sız a hor concours (fr.). +konkurslı a. competitive; ~ imtixan competitive examination. +konserva n. tinned food; potted food; gósh ~ları tinned, canned (amer.) meat; balıq ~ ları tinned, canned (amer.) fish; miywe ~ ları tinned, canned (amer.) fruit; ~ fabrikası cannery; ~ sanaatı canning industry; ~ qılıw to preserve; to tin; to can; to bottle; to pot. +konservativ a. conservative. +konservatizm n. conservatism. +konservator n. conservative; (konservatorlar partiyasınıń aǵzası) Unionist. +konservatoriya n. conservatoire. +konsilium n. med. consultation. +konsol n. console. +konsonantizm n. lingv. consonantism. +konspekt n. summary; ~ qılıw (dúziw) to summarize, to make an abstract (of); synopsis (pl. ~ses); abstract. +konstituciya n. constitution. +konstituciyalıq a. constitutional. +konstruktor n. designer; constructor; ~ byurosı design office. +konstrukciya n. construction; design. +konsul n. consul. +konsullıq a. consular. +konsultant n. consultant; med. consulting physician. +konsultaciya n. consultation; ~ alıw to get a piece of advice; to consult; vrachtıń ~sı medical consultation, doctor's consultation; yuridik ~ legal advice (consultation) office. +kontakt n. el. contact; jaman ~ poor contact. +kontaminaciya n. lingv. contamination. +konteyner n. container. +kontekst n. context. +kontingent n. contingent. +kontinent n. continent. +kontinental n. continental. +kontora n. office; bureau (pl. -eaux, -eaus). +kontrakt n. contract, agreement; ~ dúziw to make a contract. +kontr-admiral n. rear admiral. +kontrabas n. muz. double-bass, contra-bass. +kontramarka n. teatr. pass. +kontrmarsh n. dsk. countermarch. +kontrapunkt n. muz. counterpoint. +kontraktaciya n. contracting. +kontrafors n. arxit. buttress, abutment, counterfort. +kontribuciya n. contribution, (war)indemnity. +kontrolyor n. 1. controller, inspector; (temir jol jáne teatrda) ticket-collector. +kontrol 1. n. control, check; 2. a. control; ~ komissiya control committee. +kontrrazvedka n. intelligence service. +kontrrevolyuciya n. counter-revolution. +kontrrevolyuciyashı n. counter-revolutionary. +kontrrevolyuciyashıl a. counter-revolutionary. +kontuziya n. contusion; shell-shock. +konus n. geom. cone. +kontur n. 1) contour; outline; form-line; 2) el. circuit. +konfederaciya n. confederation, confederacy. +kofein n. farm. caffeine. +konferenc-zal n. conference-hall. +konferenciya n. conference. +konferanse n. master of ceremonies. +konfeta n. sweet, candy (amer.). +konfiskaciyalaw I v. confiscate, seize.
II n. confiscation, seizure. +konflikt n. conflict. +konfliktli a. conflict, disputed; ~ komissiya conflict committee. +koncentrat n. 1) concentrated product; 2) concentrate. +koncentraciya n. concentration; óndiristiń ~sı concentration of production. +koncentraciyalıq a. concentrated. +koncern n. ek. concern. +koncert n. 1) concert; ~te boldıńızba? have you been to the concert?; ~ beriw to give a concert; 2) (muz. form) concerto (pl.-os). +koncertmeyster n. first violinist (in orchestra). +konclager n. concentration camp. +konektura n. lingv. conjecture. +konki n. skates; ~ tebiw to skate; rolikli ~ roller skates. +konyak n. cognac. +kooperativ n., a. cooperative society; cooperative. +kooperator n. co-operator. +kooperaciya n. co-operation. +koordinata n. mat. coordinate. +kopiya n. 1) copy; ~ alıw to copy; 2) duplicate; 3) replica. +koreyalı n. Korean; Koreya Xalıq Demokratiyalıq respublikası Korean People's Democratic Republic. +kordebalet n. teatr. corps-de-ballet. +kordit n. cordite. +korzinka n. basket; qaǵazlar ushın ~ waste-paper-basket. +koridor n. corridor, passage. +korol n. King. +koronograf n. coronagraph. +korpus a. 1) (korabl, tank ushın) hull; 2) (jay ushın) building; 3) (armiyada) corps; 4) (tex.) frame; case; 5) poligr. long primer. +korrektor n. proof-reader. +korrektura n. 1) proof-reading; 2) proof, proof-sheet. +korroziya n. geol., xim. corrosion. +kosekans n. mat. cosecant. +kosinus n. mat. cosine. +kosmetika n. cosmetics. +kosmografiya n. cosmography; spatiography. +kosmodrom n. cosmodrome. +kosmologiya n. cosmology; cosmics. +kosmonavt n. cosmonaut, astronaut, spaceman; space navigator; hayal ~ woman astronaut; dúnyada birinshi hayal ~ the first woman astronaut in the world; tıńlawshı ~ cadet cosmonaut; dublyor ~ backup cosmonaut. +kosmos n. 1. cosmos, space; ~tı ózlestiriw space exploration; ~qa ushıw n. space flight; 2. a. cosmic; ~ kemesi spaceship. +kosmoplan n. spaceplane. +kostyum n. costume, dress; suit (erler ushın); kos. qorǵawshı ~ protective suit; tez kiyiletuǵın ~ quick-done suit. +kotangens n. mat. cotangent. +kotleta n. cutlet, chop. +kofe n. coffee; sútli ~ white coffee; sútsiz (qara)~ black coffee. +kofta n. woman's jacket; blouse. +kochegar n. stoker, fireman. +kóbeyiw v. 1) increase; 2) mat. be multiplied. +kóbeyttiriw v. multiply, manifold. +kóbeytiw n. mat. multiplication; ~ kestesi multiplication table. +kóbeytiwshi n. mat. multiplier, factor. +kóbeyiwshi n. mat. multiplicand. +kóbik n. foam, spume; (vino, pivonıń kóbigi) froth; (sabınnıń ~) soap-suds; (attıń terisiniń kóbigi) lather; ~gin alıw to remove scum; súttiń ~gin alıw to skin milk. +kóbiklesiw v. foam, froth. +kóbinshe adv. often; in most cases. +kóbirek 1. adv. 1) more, some more; 2) often; 2. a. compar. d. (kóp) more. +kógeriw I v. 1) turn green (blue); 2) grow.
II v. swell. +kóz 1. n. eye; ~ qısıw to wink (at); ~den ótkeriw to look over (through); to glance (to run over); ~ qalıw to loose one's sight; ~ aldına keltiriw to imagine; <> ~den tasa bolıw to vanish; ~ge tuwrı aytıw to say straight to smb.'s face; ~iniń aldında in smb.'s opinion; ~be-~ confidentially; <> ~i joqta (sırtınan) behind smb.'s back; ~ime kórinbe! stop pestering me!; 2. a. ~-áynek spectacles; glasses; goggles; ~ doktor oculist; ~ bolnica eye hospital; ~i ótkir sharp-sighted; ~diń aǵı white of the eye; ~ awırıw disease; ~diń qarashıǵı pupil of the eye; ~diń qarashıǵınday saqlaw cherish as the apple of one's eye; ~- qaras n. point of view, stand point; sight; <> hár kimdiki ózine, ay kóriner kózine (Maqal) beauty is in the eye of the gazer. +kózebaǵa adv. for show; ~ qoyıw to put up for show; to show off. +kózsiz a. 1) sightless; 2) blind. +kóylek n. 1) shirt; 2) chemise (hayallardiki); dress, gown, frock. +kók 1. a. blue; ~ kóz blue eyes (blue eyed); ~ chay green tea; ~ gúl violet; ~ shóp verdure; ~ ot grass, verdure, vegetables; ~ shóplik meadow land, grass land; 2. n. sky; ~ke kóteriw to praise to the skies; ~ gúrkirew thunder. +kókjótel n. (w)hooping-cough. +kókirek n. breast; chest; bosom; ~ kebzesi chest; keń ~ broad chest. +kóklem n. q. báhár. +kóklemgi a. spring. +kóknar n. poppy. +kól n. lake. +kóldenen a. q. kóldeneń. +kóldeneń a. across. +kólem n. dimension; degree; extent; scale. +kóleńke n. shadow, shade; jerdiń ~si earth shadow. +kóleńkeli a. shady. +kólmek n. puddle, pool. +kómek n. help, aid; assistance. +kómekey n. q. jutqınshaq. +kómeklesiw v. help. +kómeksiz a. helpless. +kómekshi n. 1) assistant; help, helpmate, helpmeet; 2) gram. auxiliary (verb), kómir n. coal; tas ~ coal. +kómiw v. 1) (shuqırdı) fill (with), backfill; 2) cover; 3) bury (jerlew). +kón n. tanned skin, tanned hide; ~ zavodı tan-yard, tannery. +kóndiriw v. persuade. +kónigiw v. get used (to), become used; get accustomed (to). +kónikpe n. q. ádet. +kóniw v. agree, consent. +kóńil n. 1) heart; qara ~ heartless, hard-hearted; aq ~ kind (hearted); 2) wish; 3) attention; ~ bóliw, ~ jiberiw to give, (put) attention (to), to pay one's attention. +kóńilli a. 1) sincere, heartfelt; 2) merry, gay, lively; jolly; cheerful; 3) voluntary, free-will. +kóp a. much, many, a great deal, plenty; considerable; full; abundant; ~ múyeshlik mat. polygonal, multangular; ~ jıllıq 1) of many years; of several years standing; 2) bot. perennial; ~ jıllıq ósimlik perennial herbs; ~ taralǵan 1) popular; 2) widespread; <> júdá kóp, esap sanı joq (kóp) horn of plenty, cornucopia. +kópir n. bridge. +kóplep adv. in large numbers, in plenty. +kóplep-kómeklep adv. in common, jointly. +kóplik n. 1) plurality, plural number; multitude; a great number, lots; 2) abundance. +kópshik (divandiki) n. bolster, pillow, cushion; basın ~ke qoyıw to lay (rest) the head on a pillow. +kópshilik n. majority, most of; ~ dawıs alıw to gain (yamasa to carry) the majority. +kór 1. a. blind; bir kózi ~ blind in one eye; 2. n. blind man (boy, girl, woman). +kórgizbe n. exhibition, show, display (magazinde); awıl xojalıq ~si agricultural exhibition; ~ge barıw to go to the exhibition. +kóre ~ almaw to envy. +kórik n. refined, elegant, graceful; beauty. +kórikli a. magnificent. +kóriksiz a. clumsy, unskillfully done (made). +kórinis n. appearance, look, shape, form; site; face. +kóriniw v. 1) be seen; 2) seem; to present itself. +kórisiw v. 1) see each other; 2) greet, hail. +kóriw I v. 1) see; tús ~ to dream of; 2) jaman ~ to hate, to dislike; jaqsı ~ to love, to like; jaqsı kóre alıw long sight; jaqsı kóre almaw short (near) sight; ~ uqıplılıǵın (qábilietin) tómenletiw to loss of sight; kózime kórinbe! out of my sight!
II n. 1) sight; 2) seeing. +kórkem a. 1) artistic; ~ shıǵarma work of art; ~ ádebiyat belles-letters, fiction; ~ film feature film; ~ óner háweskerligi amateur art activities; ~ teatr Art Theatre; 2) luxurious, splendid; beautiful; charming; lovely, delightful, picturesque. +kórkemlik n. 1) magnificence; 2) high (artistic) value. +kórnekli a. famous, well-known. +kórpe n. quilt. +kórpeshe n. little (narrow) quilt. +kórsetiw 1. v. show, demonstrate; járdem ~ to give help, to help; 2. n. showing, demonstrating. +kórsetiwshi n. demonstrator. +kórsetkish n. 1) indicator (mexanizmdegi); index (kitapta); 2) norms pl.; oqıwdıń úlgeriw ~leri grade norms; progress norms; 3) indicatory; ~ barmaq forefinger, indicatory. +kórsetpe n. instructions, indication. +kóse 1. a. beardless; 2. n. beardless (man). +kósem n. leader, chief, boss. +kóterme a. lifting; ~ kópir draw-bridge, bascule-bridge. +kóteriliw v. rise (rose, risen); go up, go upstairs (joqarı etajǵa); mount. +kóteriw v. raise, lift, pick up; heave (heaved, hove) (jıǵılǵan adamdı); qozǵalań ~ to revolt; qarsı qol ~ to lift a hand against; kóterip salıw (júkti) to load, charge; arqaǵa júkti ~ip salıw to shoulder. +kóshe n. street; ~de in (the) street; ~ sıpırıwshı street-sweeper. +kósher n. 1) (arbaniki) axle; 2) tex. axle, spindle; pin; 3) mat., fiz. axis (pl. axes); boylama ~ fore-and-aft axis; jerdiń aylanıw ~i axis of the earth; qısılıw ~i axis of shrinking; sozılıw ~i axis of stretching; jer ~i earth axis; dúnya ~i celestial axis. +kóshirme n. copy, duplicate; replica; image. +kóshiriw v. 1) move; cause to move; 2) transfer (from, to); balanı basqa mektepke ~ to transfer a child to another school; carry over; 3) buwındı ~ to divide into syllables; 4) copy, recopy, rewrite; retype. +kóshiw v. move (house); migrate, transmigrate. +kóshpeli I a. 1) itinerant; ~ kitapxana travelling library; 2) transitory, transient; ~ bayraq challenge (prize) banner; 3) figurative, metaphorical; ~ maǵana figurative meaning.
II 1. a. nomadic; 2. n. nomad. +kray n. land; region, territory. +kran I n. tap stopcock faucet (amer.); ot ~ı fire-cock; fire shutoff switch; suw ~ı tap, faucet; suwdı jónleytuǵın ~ hydrant. II n. tex. crane (júk kóteriw ~ı); qozǵalmalı ~ mobile crane. +kranshı n. crane-driver. +kraxmal n. starch. +kraxmallaw v. starch. +kredit n. credit; ~ke satıp alıw to buy on credit. +kreml n. Kremlin. +kreslo (úlken jumsaq stul) n. arm-chair, easy-chair; stall (teatrda); jıynalatuǵın ~ folding chair; kosmonavttıń ~sı astronaut couch, barber chair, prone bed; raketalıq katapultlı ~ rocket ejection seat. +krizis n. crisis (pl.) crises. +kristall n. crystal. +kristalloid n. crystalloid. +kristallıq a. 1) crystalline; 2) crystal-clear. +kritik n. critic. +kritika n. criticism; ~ etiw to criticize; óz-ara ~ self-criticism. +kritikalıq a. critical. +kross n. sport. cross, country race. +krujka n. mug; bir ~ pivo a mug of beer. +krujok n. circle; anglichan tilin úyreniw ~gi the English language circle. +kub n. 1) cube; 2) boiler (chay qaynatatuǵın ıdıs). +kubometr n. cubic metre. +kubok n. cup. +kulak n. tar. kulak. +kultivator n. a. x. cultivator. +kultivaciya n. cultivation. +kupe n. (sleeping) compartment. +kupeli ~ vagon n. sleeping car. +kurant n. chime (of bells). +kurort n. health-resort. +kurs 1) n. course; birinshi ~ studenti first year student; 2) course; zachyot alıw ~ı course for credit; bilim beriw ~ı course of instruction; bilimdi jetilistiriw ~ı advanced course; tayarlaw ~ı background course; qısqartılǵan ~ booster course; cram course; basshı xızmetkerlerdi tayarlaw ~ı career courses; sırttan oqıw ~ı correspondence course; sanaat firmaları xızmetkerin tayarlaw ushın hám óndirislik praktika úyretetuǵın ~ industry-based course; joqarı bilim hám óndirislik bilim berewshi ~ sandwich course (Br.), cooperative education (AQSh); oqıw ~ı study course; seslerdi jazıwdı úyreniw ~ı taped course. +kúkirt n. match. +kúyew n. 1) son-in-law; 2) husband; fiancé; bridegroom. +kúydiriw v. 1) burn down; 2) med. cauterize. +kúyiw v. burn, blaze, be on fire. +kúdik n. doubt. +kúygelekleniw (kúyip pisiw) v. be nervous, feel nervous. +kúl n. ashes; ~in kókke shıǵarıw to lay in ashes. +kúlal n. potter. +kúlalǵısh n. ash-tray. +kúldiriw v. make smb. laugh, +kúlispe n. q. kúlki. +kúliw v. 1) laugh (at); birewge ~ to make fun of smb.; 2) ridicule; cackle; isheksilesi qatıp ~ to roar with laughter; 3) smile; mıyıq tartıp ~ to smile; kúlimsirep smiling, with smile. +kúlki n. 1) laughter; oyın ~ amusement; 2) smile. +kúlkili a. 1) laughable, ridiculous; 2) funny, comical. +kún I n. sun.
II n. day; (is) jumıs ~i working day; tuwılǵan ~ birthday; dem alıs ~ rest-day, day of rest; day off; ~i menen the whole day, all the day; ~ sayın from day to day; hár ~i every day; aqır bir ~ one fine day; kosmonavtika ~i astronautics day. +kúnde adv. everyday, daily; kúnde-kúnde everyday, daily. +kúndegi a. daily; every day. +kúndelik adv. daily, every day; ~ gazeta daily paper; ~ dápter diary. +kúndiz n. day; ~ kúni during daylight hours. +kúndizgi a. daily; ~ smena day shift. +kúni-túni adv. around-the-clock; twenty-four-hour. +kúnlerlik a. enviable. +kúnlew I v. envy; ol kúnleydi he is envious.
II n. envy. +kúnlik n. of ... days; bes ~ júmıs five days work. +kúnshillik n. q. kúnlew. +kútá adv. very; ~ jaqsı very well; best; ~ biyik very high; very tall. +kútiw v. wait (for) expect, wait. +kúttiriw v. make smb. wait (for), expect; make smb. wait (for). +kúsh n. power, might, strength, force; hawa-kosmoslıq ~ ásk. aerospace force; fiz. oraydan qashıwshı ~ centrifugal force; reakciya ~i reactive force; sputniktiń járdemshi ~i satellite auxiliary power; tezlendiriwshi ~ acceleration force. +kúsheyiw 1. v. increase; intensify; become stronger; 2. n. fiz., el. tension, increase, intensification. +kúsheytiw v. strengthen; reinforce; intensify; make strong. +kúsheytkish n. actuator. +kúshik n. puppy. +kúshiklew v. whelp, cub (iyt haqqında). +kúsh-quwat n. power; capacity. +kúshli a. strong, powerful, heavy (jawın-shashın haqqında). +kúshsiz a. weak, feeble. +kúshsizleniw v. weaken. +qabaǵan a. wicked. +qabaq I n. pumpkin.
II n. eye-lid.
III n. cleft, fissure. +qaban n. wild-boar. +qabat n. 1) storey, floor; birinshi ~ ground floor, first storey; ekinshi ~ first floor; second storey; úshinshi ~ second floor, third storey; on ~(lı) jay a ten-storeyed house; 2) geol. stratum (pl. strata); 3) layer, coating. +qablan n. tiger; urǵashı ~ tigress. +qabıq n. 1) bark; 2) crust; 3) peel, rind (miyweniń). +qabıl n. 1) reception; 2) admittance; ~ qılıw to receive (birewdi); to take (dári); to accept (bir nárseni). +qabıllaw I v. receive, take, accept.
II n. 1) reception; 2) admittance; 3) dose (dári); 4) enrolment (partiyaǵa, profsoyuzǵa). +qabıllawshı n. receiver. +qabılxana n. reception room, waiting-room. +qabırǵa n. rib. +qabırtqa n. q. qabırǵa. +qabırshaq n. shell. +qabıs qol ~ help. +qabıw v. bite (bit, bitten, bit). +qaǵaz n. 1) paper; diagrammalı ~ chart paper; coordinate paper; shaxmat ~ cross-section paper; graph paper; logarifma ~ı logarithmic paper; kopiroval ~ tracing paper; transfer paper (qara qaǵaz); 2) paper document; foto ~ photographic paper. +qaǵıyda n. rule; kóshe háreketi ~ ları traffic regulations. +qaǵıw I v. 1) knock; tap; bang; esikti áste ~ to knock at the door; iyinge ~ to tap on the shoulder; qulaqtı (betti) ~ to box on the ear; to tap in the face; 2) wedge; 3) shake out.
II v. stroke, flap (qustıń qanat qaǵıwı haqqında). +qada n. log; pole; pile; ~da on piles. +qadaǵan n. prohibition; ban; ~ etiw to forbid, to prohibit, to ban; kiriw ~ etilgen! no admittance! +qadalıp ~ qaraw to stare. +qadam n. q. qádem. +qadaw v. 1) thrust, stick, tie; 2) pin, fix. +qaza n., death; ~ tabıw to die. +qazaq n. a. Kazakh; ~ tili the Kazakh language. +qazalanıw v. die. +qazan n. 1) boiler, kettle; <> kishkene ~nıń ası mazalı (Maqal) a little pot is soon hot; ~ǵa ne salsań shómishke sol ilinedi (Maqal) as you brew, so must you drink; 2) as ~ stomach. +qazan-tabaq n. dishes. +qazarma n barracks. +qazna n. treasury; exchequer. +qaznashı n. treasurer; ásk. paymaster, purser. +qazı I n. tar. judge; magistrate.
II n. horse-flesh sausage (special kind of sausage made of horse-flesh with spices). +qazıq n. stake, picket; <> ~ bas he is so pig-headed. +qazıw I v. dig, dig up; rummage; shovel; ~ıp alıw (shıǵarıw) to rummage out (up).
II n. a.x. digging; lifting; salǵamnıń túbin ~ beet lifting. +qazıwshı n. ditcher, digger. +qay pron. inter. what, which; ~ gezde, ~ waqta? when?; ~ jerde? where?, in what place?; ~ jerge? where?, to what place?; ~ jaqtan? where... from?; whence?, ~ bir, ~ birewleri some of them, any of them. +qayǵı n. 1) regret, pity; 2) distress, grief; ~lı unfortunately); 3) care, anxiety; ~lana baslaw to become (to grow) sad; ~ jew to mourn, to moan. +qayǵılanıw (qayǵı shegiw) v. 1) regret, be (feel) sorry; repent; 2) grieve, worry. +qayǵılı a. tragical. +qayǵırıw I v. be agitated, be exited, worry, be (feel) nervous.
II n. emotion, agitation. +qayda adv. where?; ol ~ turadı? where does he live?; ~ barasań? where are you going?; ~n whence?, from where?; ol ~n? from where is he? +qayqıshılıq ~ etiw awız. walk, saunter stroll. +qaymaq n. cream. +qaymıǵıw n. tex. av. yaw; raketanıń ~ı kos. yaw; ~ waqtı yawing moment. +qaynata n. father-in-law. +qaynatıw v. boil, make boil. +qaynaw I v. 1) seethe; 2) boil; qanım qaynap ketti madness seethed in my brain.
II n. boiling. +qaynaǵan a. boiling; ~ suw boiled water. +qayraq n. grindstone. +qayralǵan a. sharp cut; sharpened. +qayraw v. sharpen; grind (pıshaq, balta); whet (qayraq penen); strap (almastı); turn (stanokta); <> birewge tisin ~ to have a grudge against smb.; qılıshın ~ to whet one's sword. +qaysarlıq n. obstinacy, stubbornness. +qaysı pron. inter. which; what; ~ jerde? where?; ~mız? which of us?; ~sı? which of them?; which?; ~sı bolsa da some of them; any of them; ~nday? what?, which?; ~sı jaqsıraq? which is better? +qaytalaw I v. repeat.
II n. repetition. +qaytalama a. repeated, double. +qaytarma n. refrain (qosıq aytıwda). +qaytarıw v. 1) (qaytarıp beriw) give back, return; turn back; 2) (qaytarıp alıw) get back; 3) make smb. return; bring smb. back. +qayta adv. again; once more. +qayta-qayta adv. again and again; once more (again). +qaytadan adv. again; ~ kórip shıǵıw (kitaptı yamasa maqalanı) to go over again; ~ jazıw to copy. +qaytıw v. 1) return, come back; 2) refuse, deny (óz sózinen). +qayshı n. scissors. +qayıq n. boat; eki, tórt eskekli ~ two-oar, four-oar (boat); motorlı ~ motor boat, power-boat; ~ta júziw to go boating; <> ushan qayıq uzaqqa júzedi (Maqal) a great ship asks deep waters. +qayıqshı n. boatman; ferryman. +qayıl a. agreeable; ~ bolıw to agree (to), to content (to); according (to). +qayım a. 1) convenient; opportune; comfortable; 2) handy; 3) cosy. +qayın n. ~ ata father-in-law; ~ ene mother-in-law; ~ aǵa (senior) brother-in-law; ~ ini (junior) brother-in-law; ~biyke (senior) sister-in-law; ~ sińli (junior) sister-in-law. +qayıń n. birch. +qayır I n. silt; ~ tebiw to silt.
II n. alms, charity; ~ etiw to give alms; ~ soraw to beg; to go begging. +qayırlı a. successful. +qayırıw v. turn back, twist, bind up. +qayırqom n. well-wisher. +qayırqomlıq n. sympathy; ~ etiw (yamasa kórsetiw) to sympathize (with). +qayırqomshı n. q. qayırqom. +qayırshı n. almsman. +qayıs n. strap, leather band, belt; waist-band. +qayısqaq a. inclined (to). +qayısqaqlıq n. inclination. +qaqaman ~ suwıq frosty; cold. +qaqlaw v. dry; dry-cure; cut smth. in thin slices. +qaqpaq n. cover, lid. +qaqpan n. pitfall; trap; snare. +qaqpanshı n. trapper. +qaqıra n. clay-made-house; house made of adobe bricks and cane; peasant's house, cottage. +qal n. birth-mark. +qala n. city, town. +qalay adv. how; ~sız? How are you?; what?; ~ dep oylaysań? what do you think? +qalaysha adv. q. qalay. +qalayı n. tin. +qalayıq n. q. xalayıq. +qalaq n. oar, scull. +qalalıq n. 1. townsman; 2. urban; municipal; 2. a.: ~ Sovet Town Soviet. +qalǵıw v. doze off; qalǵıp ketiw to take a nap. +qaldıq n. 1) rest, remainder; 2) remnant (material); 3) waste. +qaldırıw v. 1) leave, abandon; 2) postpone; 3) outstrip, forestall. +qalender n. q. qálender. +qaljıń n. mockery; sneer; gibe. +qaljıńlaw v. 1) joke; 2) make fun (of); ridicule. +qaljıńlasıw n. q. házillesiw. +qalqan n. shield; buckler. +qalmaq n. Kalmuck; ~ tili Kalmuck; the Kalmuck language. +qalpaq n. hat; keńeyiwshi ~ kos. expanding nozzle. +qalta n. 1) bag, shopping bag; sack; kenep ~ unbleached linen; 2) pocket; ~ keser pickpocket; thief; pilferer. +qaltalı a. 1) rich; 2) well-to-do. +qaltaman n. pickpocket; thief; pilferer. +qaltıldaw v. tremble, shiver, quiver. +qaltıraw I v. 1) tremble, shiver; 2) shake.
II n. trembling; quivering (dawıs); tremor; nerv ~ thrill, nervous tremor. +qalshıldatıw v. cause to shiver (shake, tremble). +qalshıldaw I v. shake, shiver; tremble.
II n. shivering; trembling; tremor. +qalıq n. backward; undeveloped; ~ student (oqıwshı) backward student (pupil); ~ mámleket undeveloped country. +qalıń I a. 1) stout; 2) thick, coarse; 3) dense.
II n. bride-money. +qalıńlatıw v. cause to thicken, make thick (en). +qalıńlaw I v. thicken, become thick.
II n. thickening. +qalıńlıq I n. thickness; density.
II n. fiancée. +qalıs adv. gratis, for nothing. +qalıw v. 1) stay, remain; tiri ~ to survive; jazalanbay ~ to go unpunished; 2) miss; 3) lose; 4) kesh ~ to be late; sharshap ~ to be tired; arqada ~ to lay (yamasa fall) behind, to be backward (sabaqtan). +qam I a. green; raw, uncooked; unripe (miywe).
II n. ǵam. +qamaq n. arrest, mission; ~qa alıw to arrest; ~ta bolıw to be under arrest. +qamaqxana n. prison. +qamalǵan a. 1) imprisoned; 2) surrounded; encircled. +qamasıw v. kóz ~ to screw up one's eyes; to squint (kúnge); to narrow. +qamaw I v. 1) surround; hedge (in); encircle; round up; 2) enclose.
II n. cage (balıq ushın). +qamlıq n. unripeness; immaturity. +qampaytıw (kópshikti) v. shake up. +qampayıw n. swelling. +qamtım n. handful. +qamshı n. lash, whip; ~-sap whip-handle. +qamshılaw I v. whip, lash; switch.
II v. med. scrofula. +qamxor n. q. ǵamxor. +qamır n. dough; ~ iylew to knead dough. +qamırtırıs n. yeast; leaven. +qamıs n. cane, reed, rush. +qamıslı a. rushy. +qamıt n. 1) (horse's) collar; ~ kiygiziw to put a collar (on); 2) tex. ferrule; yoke. +qamıtlaw v. put a collar (-on). +qan n. blood; ~ quyıw, ~ jiberiw to transfuse blood. +qana I n. room, classroom.
II n. cotton-ball, cotton-holder (paxtanıń). +qanaat n. satisfaction; contentment; conviction; ~ etiw to be content. +qanaatlanarlıq a. contented, satisfied; satisfactory. +qanaatlandırıw v. satisfy smb.; content. +qanaatlanıw v. satisfy; be satisfied; content. +qanaǵat q. qanaat. +qanar n. sack. +qanat n. wing. +qanatlı a. winged, having wings. +qanatsız a. wingless. +qanaw v. bleed. +qanday adv. 1. how; ~ ıssı how hot it is!; isińiz ~? how are you?, how are you getting on?, how do you do?; 2. pron. what, which, how; ~ bolmasın somehow; ~da bir some, some kind of, any; maǵan ~da bir kitap berińiz give me any book, please. +qandırıw v. satiate (with), satisfy (with); satisfy one's hunger; give to drink; water (haywan); quench one's thirst (shóldi). +qanjar n. dagger, dirk; fin ~ı Finnish dagger. +qanlı a. 1) blood-stained; 2) sanguinary. +qansız a. anaemic; bloodless. +qant n. sugar, sweets; candy. +qanxor 1. n. murderer, killer; assassin; blood-sucker; slaughter; bloodshed; flood sucker; 2. a. bloodthirsty. +qanxorlıq n. blood-thirstiness. +qansha pron. how much, how many, how long (waqıtqa tiyisli). +qanshalıq adv. how much, as far as; how; as much as. +qanıq a. accustomed; used (to). +qanǵıbas n. wanderer; homeless; vagabond; tramp; vagrant, hobo. +qanǵıw v. wander; be on the tramp; hit the trail. +qańıraw v. devastate; ravage; lay waste. +qap I n. sack.
II n. cover; folder, wrapper. +qapa a. sad; ~ qılıw, ~ etiw to offend; ~ bolıw to be sad. +qapalandırıw v. grieve; sadden; make smb. sad; pain; offend. +qapalanıw v. be sad; grieve; sadden; despair (of). +qapalıq n. low spirits; dejection; despair. +qapas a. stuffy, close. +qaplaw v. cover (with); wrap. +qaplan n. zool. leopard. +qaptal n. 1) side; ~da on either side; 2) ásk. flank, wing; ~dan tutıw (uslaw) outflanking; ~dan berilgen soqqı flanking attack; ~dan atılǵan oq flanking fire; ~dan qıymıldaw flanking (march) movement. +qaptallasıw n. kos. engagement; kosmosta ~ docking. +qapı n. door. +qapıl adv. suddenly, unexpectedly. +qapırıq 1. a. 1) close, stuffy; 2) sultry, hot; 2. n. closeness, stuffy air; oppressive heat. +qar n. 1. snow; erip atırǵan ~ slush, melting snow; ~ jawıw to snow; ~ jawıp tur it is snowing, it snows; ~ túsip tur snow is falling; ~ menen qaplanǵan covered with snow, snow-covered, snow-clad; snow-capped, snow-topped (taw haqqında); japalaq ~ flakes; 2. attr. ~ suwı snow-water; ~ tazalawshı snow-plough; ~ jıynawshı snow-remover; ~ eritiwshi snow melter; ~dı irkiw snow retention. +qara a. 1) black; ~ nan brown (black) bread; rye-bread; qap ~ jet-black; kómirdey ~ coal-black; ~ metal ferrous metal; ~ metallurgiya ferrous metal industry; ~ kóz black eye; <> ~ súdigar (shúdigar) a. x. fallow land; ~ pikir dark (gloomy) thoughts; ~ pul copper, copper coins; 2) attr.: ~ mal cattle; ~ jumıs unskilled labour; ~ terek (tal) ebony; ~ buwday German wheat; ~ búldirgen blackberries, blackberry; ~ kúsh physical strength; ~ miynet manual labour, physical labour; ~ miynet adamı (yamasa qol miynet adamı) manual worker; ~ may resin, pitch, tar (suyıq); ~ tıyın coin. +qaraqońır a. dark-brown; ~ túlki silver-fox. +qaraǵay n. pine, pine-tree. +qaraǵanda adv. in comparison (with). +qaraz n. mill; jel ~ wind-mill; suw ~ water-mill. +qaray post. posit. towards, toward; in the direction (of); against; mektepke ~ towards (the) school; maǵan ~ towards me. +qaraytıw v. blacken; darken; make black. +qarayıw v. 1) turn (yamasa become, grow) black; 2) (kúnge) become sun burnt; become tanned; 3) show black. +qaraqalpaq n. Karakalpak; ~ tili the Karakalpak language. +qaraqshı I n. robber, brigand; pirate (teńizde).
II n. scare-crow; man of straw (atızdaǵı). +qaraqshılıq n. robbery; brigandage; piracy. +qaralaw v. 1) blacken; slander; 2) accuse; charge (with); prosecute, indict. +qaralawshı n. prosecutor; jámáát ~sı public prosecutor. +qarańǵı n. 1. dark, darkness; ~da in the dark; ~ túskenge shekem úyge barıw to come (go) home before dark; mına jer dım ~ ǵoy! how dark it is here!; it's so dark here!; 2. a.1) dark; deep (túri haqqında); ~ tún dark night; 2) gloomy, somber; 3) obscure, dark (túsiniksiz); 4) suspicious, shady, fishy, wicked; ~ nárse suspicious (fishy shady) business; ~ adam (pikirli) suspicious character; <> aydıń on besi ~ bolsa, on besi jarıq (Maqal) after rain comes sunshine; every cloud has its silver lining. +qarańǵılanıw n. astr. darkening; diskanıń jiyegi boyınsha ~ darkening at the limb. +qarǵa n. crow; <> ~dayınan from the very childhood. +qaramaǵı n. competence; bul meniń ~mda emes it is not within my province. +qarama-qarsı a. opposite; contrary, opposed; ~ pikirler contrary opinions. +qarama-qarsılıq n. 1) contradiction, conflict; 2) contrast; opposition. +qaramastan adv. in spite of, despite; even though. +qaramıq n. bilberries, bilberry. +qarańǵılıq n. darkness. +qarap I post. posit. according to, concerning, concerningly; depending on; regarding.
II n. ruined; destroyed. +qarar n. 1) decision; resolution; 2) decree. +qaraslı a. belonging to, subordinate; bul úy bizge ~ this house belongs to us. +qarasıq n. help, aid. +qarasıw v. help, aid. +qaraw v. 1) look at, glance; aynaǵa ~ to look at oneself in the mirror; 2) nurse, look after; 3) look after (izlew); 4) graze; 5) support. +qarawıl n. 1) guard, watchman, warder (qamaqma); 2) janitor, yard-keeper; ~da turıw to be on guard. +qarawıllaw n. guarding; guard. +qarawıllıq n. watching; watch; guarding; ~ etiw to guard (from, against), protect (from, against). +qarawıtıw v. 1) turn (become, grow) black; 2) (kúnge) become sun burnt; become tanned; 3) show black; 4) qarawıtıp (kóriniw) to show black; buldırap toǵay qarawıtıp kórindi the forest showed black in the distance; qarawıtıp bir nárseler kórindi smth black loomed in the distance; there was a black spot in the distance. +qarashıq kózdiń qarashıǵı pupil of the eye. +qarbız n. water-melon. +qarǵaw v. curse, damn. +qarǵıs n. curse, imprecation; malediction, damnation; ~ tiygen cursed, damned; accursed, confounded. +qarǵıw v. jump (through, over). +qardar n. customer, buyer purchaser. +qarjı n. 1) expense; expenditure, expenses; 2) finances; 3) money sg.; financial position. +qarlı a. snowy. +qarlıǵash n. swallow; <> birinshi ~ the first signs; <> bir ~ kelgen menen jaz bolmaydı (Maqal) one swallow does not make a summer. +qarlıqqan a. hoarse, raucous; ~ dawıs penen sóylew to speak hoarsely, to speak in a hoarse voice. +qarlıqpa n. med. diphtheria. +qarmaq n. fish-hook; fishing rod; ~ jibi fishing-line. +qarsań n. eve; jańa jıl ~ı New Year eve. +qarsı a. contrary (to), against; ~ bolıw to be against. +qarsılasıw v. be against each other; argue (with), wrangle (with), altercate (with). +qarsılıq n. 1) resistance; ~ etiw to resist; 2) objection. +qartayıw v. grow old. +qarshıǵa n. hawk. +qarız n. debt; ~ beriw to lend; ~ alıw to borrow; ~lı bolıw to owe, to be indebted. +qarızǵa adv. as a loan, on credit. +qarızdar n. debtor. +qarızlanıw v. owe money; run into debt; be in debt. +qarızlı q. qarızdar. +qarıydar n. customer, buyer, purchaser. +qarıq n. furrow. +qarıqlaw v. furrow. +qarım n. 1) rick, stack; bede ~ a rick of clover; 2) ditch; ~ qazıw to ditch. +qarım-qatnas n. tie, bond; connection, relation; communication. +qarın n. stomach; belly; <> ash ~ım, tınısh qulaǵım (Maqal) better beans and bacon in peace than cakes and ale. +qarındas n. sister; junior (little) sister. +qarıs n. span (about nine inch). +qarısqan a. mixed. +qarıstırıw v. mix, blend (boyawdı). +qarıw I v. 1) mix; 2) knead (ılaydı).
II n. power; strength, force. +qarıw-jaraq n. arms; weapons. +qarıwlı a. 1) strong; firm; 2) armed. +qarıwsız a. feeble, weak; powerless; helpless. +qarıya n. old-aged man; old man; elder. +qas I n. eyebrow, brow.
II n. revenge, vengeance; ~ alıw to revenge oneself (upon, for). +qasqa a. (white) spot. +qasqır n. wolf (pl. wolves). +qassap n. butcher. +qassapxana n. butchery. +qassapshı q. qassan. +qastan adv. intentionally, deliberately. +qasıq n. spoon; as ~ table spoon; chay ~ tea-spoon. +qasınan adv. by; ~ ótip ketiw to pass by. +qasında adv. near; about, by, beside. +qasınıw n. scratch (oneself). +qasıw v. scratch, itch. +qatar n. 1) rank; grade; position; post; 2) row, line; birinshi ~da otırıw to sit in the first row. +qaterjan a. calm, quiet; ~ bolıw to be calm. +qatlam n. layer, coating; geol. stratum (pl. strata); kos. D-qatlamı (ionosfera qatlamı) D-layer; E-qatlamı E-region. +qatlanıw v. bend, fold; become stratified. +qatlaw v. fold, pleat, put layer upon layer. +qatnasıq n. 1) attitude, treatment; 2) relation; jaqsı ~ta bolıw to be on good terms; 3) participation, collaboration; 4) communication. +qatnasıqlı a. relating, concerning; buǵan meniń qatnasıǵım joq (bul maǵan tiyisli emes) It does not concern me. +qatnasıqsız a. not taking part; absent, neutral. +qatnasıw I v. 1) take part in, participate; 2) attend, visit.
II n. participation. +qatnasıwshı n. participant, participator, partner. +qatnaw I v. 1) ply (marshrut boyınsha) go there and back; to travel regularly; 2) attend; visit.
II n. 1) walking, racing; 2) attendance; visit. +qatpa a. thin. +qattı a. 1) loud, bombastic, deafening, stunning, stormy; ~ qol shappatlawlar loud applause, loud cheers, a storm of applause; 2) hard, solid; (shıdamlı) firm, strong, steadfast, stable; ~ buwday hard wheat; ~ (jer) topıraq firm soil; a. x. stiff soil; ~ qap stiff binding (kitapqa tiyisli); lingv.: ~ dawıssızlar hard consonants; fiz.: ~ dene solid; ~ adam a steadfast man (minezi); <> ol ~ ketti he remained unshaken (firm), steadfast; ~ pikir unwavering (steady, fixed) purpose; ~ sheshim firm decision; ~ isenim firm belief; ~ tapsırma specified (definite) task. +qatıq n. sour milk. +qatın n. 1) woman; 2) wife. +qatınlı a. married. +qatınsız a., n. bachelor; unmarried (person). +qatırıw v. 1) freeze; 2) dry up; <> bas ~ to rack one's brains over smth. +qatıw v. 1) harden, grow solid; 2) freeze. +qatıwash n. shell. +qatıwashınalıw v. shell. +qawasha n. cotton (plant). +qawendersiz a. neglected, homeless; ~ bala waif, street-child. +qawsaw v. chew, ruminate. +qawsırıw v. close, shut (up). +qawım n. community; commune. +qawın n. melon; ~ atızı (palız) melon field. +qawıs n. bracket. +qaharman n. hero; heroine (hayal). +qaharmanlıq n. heroism. +qaharmansha a. 1. heroic; 2. adv. heroical (ly). +qahárleniw v. be angry with, become furious. +qashan adv. when, at what time; ~ bolmasın whenever. +qashqın n. deserter; runaway, fugitive. +qashı n. dam, dike. +qashıq n. distance. +qashır n. mule. +qashıw v. 1) run away; 2) avoid; 3) escape. +qayaq ~qa? where?; ~tan? from where?; ol ~qa baradı? where will he go?, where is he going? +qábir v. grave. +qábiristan n. graveyard, churchyard, cemetery. +qádem n. step. +qádik n. q. guman. +qádimgi a. ancient, old-fashioned, antique; ~ dúnya antiquity. +qádir n. price; cost, value; ~li etiw to value, to estimate; <> óz ~in bilmegen, kisi qádirin bilmes (Maqal) he that is all to himself will be good to nobody. +qádirdan a. intimate, close, affectionate; ~ dos bosom friend. +qádirlew v. 1) value, estimate; 2) care (for). +qádirli a. valuable, estimate. +qáddi 1) state; condition; 2) figure, stature. +qálbir n. sieve. +qálem n. pencil; ~ qutı pencil-case; ~ shıǵarǵısh penknife. +qálempir n. q. qalampir. +qálew v. want (to + inf.); like (to + inf.); desire; chay (-dı) ~ to want tea; ol onı kóriwdi júdá qáleydi he wants to see her very much; ol onıń kelgenin qáleydi he wants her to come; ~ińiz bolsın just as you like; ol qálegenin isleydi he does what he likes; bunıń menen siz neni aytıwdı qáleysiz? what do you mean by that?; bunıń kim ekenin biliwdi qálep edim I wonder who it was; ol maǵan ziyandı qálemeydi he means no harm to me; ol onıń ókpelegenin qálemedi he didn't mean to hurt her; <> qáleseńizde, qálemeseńizde willy-nilly, whether you like it or not. +qálip n. 1) standard, model; 2) boot-tree. +qáliplew v. tex. mould, cast. +qálpeki a. fiction. +qálpine ~ keltiriw v. to arrange, to get smth. going; to put smth. right; repair; qatnasıqtı ~ keltiriw to set up good relations, to establish contact. +qánige n. specialist. +qánigelik n. speciality;. ~ alıw to get a speciality. +qápelimde adv. suddenly; unexpectedly. +qápes n. cage; ~ke salıw to encage. +qárejet n. expenditure; expense; kóp ~ heavy expense; ~ti azaytıw (qırqıw) to cut down expenses; ~ etiw (~ qılıw); 1) to spend (money); 2) to do (go) shopping, to buy. +qárejetlew v. spend (spent). +qáreli n. 1) plum; 2) plum tree. +qásem n. 1) vow, oath; 2) ~ beriw to make (take) an oath ásk. to oath of allegiance, to oath of enlistment. +qáste a. sick; ~ adam patient, ol ~ he (she) is ill. +qástelik n. illness, sickness. +qáte n. mistake, error; ~ qılıw (jańılsıw) to make a mistake; ulıwma ~ kos. total error; grammatikalıq ~ grammatical mistake. +qátelesiw v. make a mistake; to be mistaken; to commit an error. +qátelik n. mistake, error. +qáter n. danger. +qáterli a. dangerous. +qátesiz a. without any mistake; faultless; correct. +qáttine ~ keltiriw n. kos. recovery. +qáwender n. patron, protector. +qáwenderli a. patronizing; protective. +qáwenderlik n. patronage; ~ke alıw (~ etiw) to patronize; to have the patronage (of). +qáweter a. anxious, worried; ~ bolıw to worry; to be (feel) anxious. +qáweterleniw v. worry; be (feel) anxious. +qáweterli a. not at ease, worried; anxious. +qáweterlik n. anxiety, worry. +qáwetersiz a. quiet; safe. +qáwim n. 1) community; 2) tribe. +qáwip n. danger, peril; ~te bolıw to be in danger; ~ke ushıraw to run the danger of smth.; to expose to danger; to endanger; ómirge ~li in peril of one's life; ólim ~i danger of death; ~ti kóz aldına keltiriw to face the danger; kosmoslıq hújim ~i kos. space threat; hawa-kosmoslıq hujim ~i airspace threat; jawın jawıw ~i bar there is a threat of rain. +qáwip-qáter n. 1) panic, scare, fright; ~ge salıw to raise a panic, to cause a scare; ~de bolıw to be scared out of one's senses; ~ge túsiw to be panic stricken; to be in danger; 2) threat, menace; ~ge salıw (túsiriw) to menace. +qáwipli 1. a. dangerous, terrible, frightful, dreadful; ~ kesel dangerous (dreadful) illness (disease); ~ gáp dreadful story; 2. adv. perilously, dangerously. +qáwipleniw v. fear, be terrified. +qáwipsirew v. be afraid (of), fear. +qáwipsiz 1. a. safe, secure; ~likte out of danger; safe; ~ orın (jay) safe (secure) place; 2. adv. safely. +qáwipsizlik n. safety, security; ~ komiteti security committee; radiaciyalıq ~ fiz. radiation safety. +qáwli n. decision; resolution. +qáwmet n. 1) community; 2) tribe. +qáwpeki a. unripe; raw; green. +qáhár n. anger, wrath; fury, rage. +qáhárleniw v. be angry (with), become enraged; grow furious. +qáhárli a. angry, wrathful, furious; violent. +qobaljıw v. worry (oneself), trouble (oneself); bother (oneself). +qobdıy n. box. +qobız n. kobiz (musical instrument). +qojalıq n. q. xojalıq. +qoz n. ember(s). +qozǵalań n. rebellion; revolt; insurrection; mutiny. +qozǵalańshı n. rebel; insurgent, mutineer. +qozǵaltıw v. move; revolve. +qozǵalıs n. 1) kos., astr. motion; jerdiń ~ túrleri revolution of the earth; tuwrı ~ direct motion; tezleniwshi ~ accelerate motion; qarsı ~ antecedence; 2) movement; alǵa qaray ~ forward movement; úzliksiz ~ continuous movement; dógereklep ~ circular movement; planetalıq ~lar planetary motions; ~qa keltiriw to set (to put) in motion; to set going; to begin to move; to come into operation (mexanizmlerdi); ol bárháma ~ta he is always on the move; ~sız motionless; pátli (kúshli) ~ on-word movement, forward movement; 3) tar. movement; jumısshılar ~sı working-class movement; revolyuciyalıq ~ revolutionary movement; paraxatshılıqtı saqlaw ushın ~ peace movement; kásipshiler ~ı (profsoyuz) trade-union movement. +qozǵalıw v. start; stand (up); move. +qozǵaw v. lift; move, raise; máseleni ~ to raise a question. +qozı n. lamb, lambkin. +qozılaw v. lamb. +qozıqulaq n. sorrel. +qoy n. sheep; ~ terisi sheepskin; ~ góshi mutton; ~ qora sheep-cot. +qoydırıw v. cause to lay, cause to put. +qoyshı n. q. shopan; <> ~ kóp bolsa, qoy haram óledi (Maqal) too many cooks spoil the broth. +qoyılıw v. thicken, get (become) thick. +qoyımshılıq n. q. qábirstan. +qoyım qoynında in one's bosom. +qoyıw I a. thick, dense; ~ xalıq dense population; ~ sorpa thick soup.
II v. 1) put, place, set; lay; 2) pesa ~ to stage, to produce. +qoyıwlanıw (qoyılıw) v. thicken, get (become) thick. +qoyıwlıq n. thickness; density. +qoqırayıw v. swagger. +qol n. 1) hand; shep ~ left hand; oń ~ right hand; ~ alısıw to shake hands; ~ miynet hand work; 2) ~ saat watch; ~ jazba 1) manuscript; 2) calligraphy; ~ oramal (pocket) handkerchief; ~ shappatlaw applaud; ~ óner handcraft, needlework; 3) signature; ~ qoyıw to sign; ~ qoyılǵan signed; ~ menen over the signature; <> kisi ~ı menen ot ısırma (Maqal) don't make a cat's paw of other people. +qolay a. 1) comfortable; 2) convenient; 3) favourable; ~ payt opportunity. +qolaylılıq n. comfort, convenience; hámme ~lar dóretilgen jay flat with all (modern) accommodation (conveniences). +qolaysız a. inconvenient. +qolǵap n. glove. +qoljazba n. manuscript. +qolqap n. q. qolǵan. +qollanba n. manual, handbook. +qollanıw I v. 1) use, employ, put into practice; 2) consume.
II n. 1) use, usage; application; ~dan qalıw to be out of use; 2) consumption. +qollaw v. 1) support; 2) use. +qolpıshkı n. handsaw. +qoltıq n. 1) armpit; qoltıǵında alıp júriw to carry under the arm; 2) (teńiz qoltıǵı) bay, gulf. +qonaq n. guest; visitor; ~qa barıw to pay a visit (call); ~ta bolıw to be on a visit; ~lardı kútip alıw to welcome one's guests. +qonaqshıl a. hospitable; ~ adam hospitable person; ol júdá ~ adam edi he kept open house. +qonıs n. residence; birth-place. +qonıslandırıw v. settle. +qonıslanıw v. reside, dwell. +qonıslas a. neighbouring, next, adjacent. +qonıw I v. 1) land; 2) settle down.
II n. kos. landing; jumsaq (jay) halda ~ soft landing; májbúriy ~ emergency landing; belgilengen rayonǵa qondırıw pinpoint landing; ~ ornı touchdown place. +qonısh n. boot-top. +qońıraw n. bell; ~ qaǵıw to ring; to ring up, to phone (telefon arqalı). +qońsı n. neighbour. +qońsılas a. neighbouring; next, adjacent; near-by; ~ mámleketler neighbour countries. +qońsıshılıq n. neighbourhood. +qońız n. beetle; cockchafer. +qońır a. brown. +qopal a. rude, rough, coarse; ~ qáte gross mistake, blunder; ~ sóz sharp word; ~ adam 1) an awkward man; 2) a rough man. +qopallıq n. coarseness, rudeness. +qoparıw v. overturn. +qoparıwshılıq n. diversion, sabotage. +qopsıtılǵan a. exaggerated. +qor I n. reserve; stock fund; bólinbes ~ (aqshalay) reserve fund; miynen haqı ~ı wage fund; altın aqsha ~ı (altın ǵáziynesi) gold fund, fund (stock) of gold; capital, most valuable possession; járdem ~ı relief fund; kolxozdıń ~ındaǵı jeri the lands of a collective farm; ~ǵa jıynaw (ótkeriw) to contribute to the fund.
II n. humiliated. +qora n. 1) sheep-cot; cattle-shed, cow-house, pigsty (dońız ushın); 2) fence, green hedge (terek egip islengen). +qorasha n. sluice-gate; qar basıp ketiwden qorǵaytuǵın aǵash ~ snow-screen, snow-fence. +qoraz n. cock; fowl. +qorǵan n. 1) castle, citadel; fortress; 2) ásk. (kishkene) fort. +qorǵanısh n. defense, protection. +qorǵanıw n. defense, protection; nurlanıwdan ~ fiz. radiation barrier, radiation shield; sputnik járdeminde ~ kos. satellite defense; kosmoslıq raketaǵa qarsı ~ extraterrestrial missile defense; kosmoslıq hújimge qarsı ~ cosmic space weapon defense; hawa-kosmoslıq hújimine qarsı ~ aerospace defense. +qorǵaw I v. defend, protect.
II n. defense; protection. +qorqaq 1. a. timid, shy; cowardly; 2. n. coward; <> ~ úyinde batır (Maqal) every dog is a lion at home. +qorqaqlıq n. cowardice. +qorqbas a. brave, bold, fearless. +qorqınısh n. fear, fright; horror. +qorqınıshlı a. fearful, terrible, dreadful, awful; horrible. +qorqıtıw v. frighten. +qorqıw I v. be frightened, be afraid (of); <> shımshıqtan ~qan tarı ekpeydı (Maqal) he that's afraid of wounds must not come near a battle.
II n. horror, terror. +qorlaw I v. humiliate.
II n. humiliation. +qorlıq n. disgrace; birewge ~ beriw to bring disgrace upon smb. +qorshaw I v. surround (with).
II n. 1) encirclement; kapitalistlik ~da capitalist encirclement; ~da bolıw (qalıw) ásk. to be encircled; ~dan shıǵıw to get out of enemy encirclement; 2) environment. +qorıqlaw v. defend (from). +qorıqshı n. 1) defender, protector, counsel for the defence; 2) back (futbolda); 3) scarecrow (egindi qorıytuǵın). +qorıtındı n. conclusion; inference. +qorıw v. guard (against), protect (from), defend (from). +qorıwshı n. q. qorıqshı. +qos I a. double; ~ qollap with two hands; ~ noqat colon.
II n. 1) yurt, yurta; 2) tent; ~ta ásk. under canvas; 3) hut; shed, penthouse; awning. +qosaq n. double, twofold. +qosjaqbas a. lazy. +qospa n. joint; compound; ~ gáp gram. compound sentence. +qostar n. spouses. +qostırnaq n. inverted, commas; quotation marks (citatada). +qosıq n. 1) song; xalıq ~ları folk (yamasa popular) songs; ~ aytıw to sing a song; 2) verse, poetry. +qosıqshı n. singer. +qosılıw v. 1) join; 2) merge. +qosıw I v. 1) join; 2) unite; 3) add.
II n. mat. addition.
III v. q. jegiw. +qotır n. 1. itch, scab (malda), mange; 2. a. scabby, mangy. +qosh ~ bol into, good-bye, cheerio! So long! +qoshamet a. flattery. +qoshametgóy a. toady. +qoshkey n. 1) wish (for), desire (for); longing (for); 2) mood; humour; sentiments . +qoshqar n. ram. +qoshlasıw I v. say good-bye take final leave (of); bid farewell; a bid adieu.
II n. farewell, parting. +qoshlaw v. approval. +qoshrey a. beautiful, nice; good-looking. +qoyan n. hare, rabbit; <> jup ~ quwǵan jolınan qaladı (Maqal) if you run after two hares, you will catch neither. +qoyanshıq n. med. fit, attack; paroxysm. +quda I n. 1) match-maker; ~ túsiw match-making; 2) father-in-law; mother-in-law.
II n. q. quday. +quday n. god, lord. +qudaǵay n. mother-in-law. +qudaysız a. atheist. +qúdiret n. power, might. +qúdiretli a. powerful, mighty. +qudıq n. well. +quy n. temper; character. +quyma n. casting, casts, castings; moulding. +quymaq n. cake (eggs and flour are mixed and fried). +quyrıq n. tail, brush (túlkiniki); scut (qoyan hám kiyiktiki); kesilgen ~ docked tail; bobtail; quyrıǵın qıymıldatıw to wag one's tail; qoydıń quyrıǵı fatty tail of sheep; fat of tail. +quyrıqlı a. fat-tailed; ~ qoy fat tailed (fat-rumped) sheep. +quyrıqsız a. tailless. +quyı n. q. qudıq. +quyın n. q. dúbeley. +quyıw v. pour; jawın sheleklep quyıp tur it is pouring, it is raining cats and dogs. +qul n. 1. tar. slave, serf; ~ etiw to enslave; 2. a. servile, slavish. +qulaq n. 1) ear; ~ salıw to listen; malaqaydıń qulaǵı tab, flap; <> qulaǵıńa altın sırǵa (esten shıqpastay etip yadta saqlaw) mark it well!; 2) recess, cocking recess (mıltıqtıń); notch; qulaǵın qaytarıw (atıwǵa tayın jaǵdayda) full bent, sear notch; the cock is at full bent, the gun is cocked; saqlawshı ~ safety recess, safety notch. +qulama n. precipice. +qulatıw v. knock down; dump; overthrow; to fall. +qulaw v. fall, drop; crash down; be destroyed. +qullası adv. so, in short. +qullıq I n. slavery, servitude.
II int. thanks, thank you; ~ etiw to thank. +qulshılıq n. 1) slavery, servitude; thralldom; ~ jámiyeti chattel slavery system; 2) slavishness, servility. +qulıq n. character, nature. +qulın n. foal; (horse) yearling. +qulınlaw v. to foal. +qulınlı a. ~ biye mare in foal. +qulıp n. lock; padlock; ~ astında under lock and key. +qulıplaw v. lock (up), shut up; padlock. +qum I n. sand.
II n. jug. +qumar n. thirst (for); craving (for, after); ~ bolıw crave (for); to long for. +qumarpaz n. gambler. +qumarpazlıq n. 1) ardour, passion; 2) gambling (game). +qumlaq n. q. qumlıq. +qumlıq n. sandy soil, sandy area. +qumırsqa n. ant. +qun n. vengeance, revenge. +qundaq n. swaddling clothes. +qundaqlaw v. swaddle. +qunıs a. hump-backed; hunch-backed. +qunısh a. q. qunıs. +qupıya n. secret, secrecy; mystery. +qural n. 1) weapon, arms pl.; ~dı taslaw to lay down arms; aviaciyalıq ~-jaraq air weapon; sputnik ~-jaraǵı satellite-borne weapon; kosmoslıq ~-jaraq outer space weapon; sputnikke qarsı qorǵanıw kosmoslıq ~ satellite-destroying space weapon; kosmostan hújim jasaw ~ı space attack weapon, extraterrestrial attack weapon; absolyut ~ ultimate weapon; 2) instrument, tool; 3) aid; oqıw ~ı text book, teaching aid; seslerdi úyreniw ~ı audio aids; audio-visual aids; oqıw fonogramma ~ı aural aids; texnikalıq oqıw ~ları instrumental aid; technological aids; kórsetpe ~ visual aids. +qurallandırıw v. arm. +qurallanıw v. arm (oneself), take up arms. +qurallı a. armed. +quralsız a. unarmed, defenseless. +quralsızlandırıw v. disarm; dismantle. +qurbaqa n. zool. toad; frog; <> qus joq jerde ~ da búlbúl (Maqal) among the blind the one-eyed man is king. +qurban n. sacrifice; ~ qılıw to sacrifice. +qurbı n. q . qurdas. +qurbı-qurdas n. coevals. +qurbılas n. q. qurdas. +qurǵaq a. dry, dried. +qurǵaqshılıq n. drought; ~qa qarsı gúres combatting-drought. +qurdas n. coeval; mate, fellow. +qurdaslıq n. friendship of coevals; fellowship, friendship. +qurma n. 1. date; 2. a.: ~ aǵashı date-palm. +qursaq n. 1) stomach, belly, abdomen; 2) maw; womb (ananıń). +qurt n. zool. 1) caterpillar; 2) (jipek ~ı) silkworm. +qurt-qumırısqa n. insect. +qurtıw v. destroy; annihilate; exterminate. +qurı a. 1) dry; <> ~ gáp (sóz) chatter; jabber; twaddle; 2) empty; <> ~ sóz qulaqqa jaqpas (Maqal) words pay no debts. +qurıǵan a. dry, dried. +qurıdan-qurı adv. in vain; to no purpose. +qurıltay n. congress. +qurıldaw v. snore. +qurılıs n. 1. building, structure, projection; construction; socializm ~ı building of socialism; gáptiń sóz ~ı gram. word-order; 2. a. ~ materialları building-materials. +qurılısshı n. builder. +qurılıw n. forming; ásk. formation, raising. +qurıtıw v. 1) dry; 2) liquidate; eliminate, abolish. +qurıw I v. build, construct; project.
II n. building, construction, establishment; qayta ~ reconstruction. +qus n. 1. bird, fowl; poultry; úy ~ları poultry; fowl; 2. a.: ~ ferması (attr.); poultry farm; ~xana (ketek) poultry house; poultry yard; úy ~ın satıwshı poulterer; ~tıń palapanı poult; <> ǵarǵa ǵaqqıldap ǵaz bolmas (Maqal) a bird may be known by its song. +qusaǵan a. resembling; alike; Kamal óziniń úlken aǵasına ~ Kamal is like his elder brother. +qusaw v. resemble; bear resemblance, be like. +qusshı n. hawker. +qustay jorǵalaw v. 1) bustle, fuss (about); 2) fawn (on, upon); cringe. +qutan n. egret, heron. +qutqarıw I v. 1) set free, release, liberate (from); 2) save, rescue.
II n. kos. recovery; ~ usılı recovery procedure; ~ sisteması recovery system. +qutqarıwshı n. deliverer, rescuer, liberator; saviour. +qutlı a. jańa jılıńız ~ bolsın! a happy new year! +qutlıqlaw I v. congratulate (on, upon); birewdi tuwılǵan kúni menen ~ to congratulate smb. on his birthday; birewdi jańa jıl menen ~ to wish smb. a happy New Year; sizdi tuwılǵan kúnińiz benen, bayram menen t. b. qutlıqlayman (I wish you) many happy returns of the day.
II n. 1. 1) congratulation; doslıq ~lar friendly congratulations; 2) greeting; 2. a. congratulatory, complimentary; ~ telegramma telegram of congratulation. +qutı n. 1) box; 2) urn; saylaw ~sı ballot-box; case. +qutılıw v. 1) free oneself, get free; be free; 2) escape. +quw n. 1. sly (cunning) man; slyboots; finesse; 2. a. sly, cunning; artful. +quwalaw v. 1) pursue, hunt (after), chase; strive (for); 2) drive (pada). +quwanarlıq a. q. quwanıshlı. +quwanǵanlıq n. q. quwanısh. +quwanıw v. be merry, have fun, enjoy oneself. +quwanısh n. joy, gladness; ~ benen (quwanıp) with joy; cheerfulness. +quwanıshlı a. glad, joyful, cheerful. +quwat n. power, might; fiz. power, capacity; sestiń ~ı sound energy; nurlanıwdıń ~ı radiated power; hawa-kosmoslıq ~ kos. aerospace power. +quwatlaw v. support, back up; second (pikir, teoriya). +quwatlı a. strong, powerful, mighty. +quwatsız a. weak, feeble, delicate (den-sawlıq haqqında); powerless. +quwǵın n. exile; ~ qılıw to banish, to exile. +quwdalaw v. pursue, chase; hunt, drive. +quwlıq n. cunning, slyness, guile; craft; ruse; ~ islew to use cunning, to be crafty; birewge ~ islew to dodge (smb.). +quwnaq a. merry, gay, cheerful; ~ qosıq cheerful song. +quwnaqlıq n. gaiety, cheerfulness, merriment, fun. +quwraǵan a. dried up, withered (ósimlik haqqında); wizened. +quwraw v. dry up; wither (ósimlik haqqında). +quwırdaq n. roast meat with potatoes. +quwırma a. fried; ~ gósh roast meat. +quwırshaq n. doll; ~ teatrı puppet-show. +quwırıw v. fry, roast. +quwıs n. 1) hollow, groove, cavity; excavation; 2) worm-hole (qurt jegen jer). +quwıw v. pursue, hunt (after); follow; quwıp jiberiw to exile. +quwıwshı n. persecutor; chaser. +qushaq n. 1) embrace sg. 2) armful. +qushaqlaw v. embrace, fold (take) in one's arms. +qushıw v. kiss. +quyańqı a. perfidious, treacherous. +quyash n. sun; kempir ~ Indian Summer. +quyashlı a. sunny; ~ kún sunny day. +qıbır ~ etiw to move; ~ etiwge halım joq I can't move; I have no strength to move myself. +qıbırlaw v. move. +qıdırtıw v. make smb. walk; make smb. go for a walk. +qıdırıspa n. walk, stroll, saunter; drive. +qıdırıw I v. look for, search (for), seek (sought).
II v. go for a walk; take a walk; take a stroll; walk. +qız n. girl, lass; ~ ayttırıw 1) to propose smb. to smb. as a wife; 2) to ask in marriage; ~ aytırıwshı n. match-maker. +qızarıw v. blush, turn red, grow red, ripen (pisiw); glow; qozday ~ to become red-hot, to become white-hot. +qızba a. hot-tempered, quick-tempered. +qızbalı a. hot-tempered, hasty, peppery; ~ adam hot-tempered man. +qızbalıq n. hot-temper, hastiness. +qızǵanshaq n. 1) envious; 2) jealous; 3) greedy. +qızǵanshaqlıq n. 1) envy; 2) jealousy; 3) greediness, greed. +qızǵanıw v. 1) envy; 2) to be jealous; 3) to be greedy +qızǵılt a. reddish. +qızǵın a. hot; feverish, +qızǵısh a. q. qızǵılt. +qızdırıw v. heat. +qızıǵıw v. be interested (in), to take interest (in). +qızıq a. interesting; amusing, funny. +qızıqlı a. interesting; amusing, funny, amazing. +qızıqtırıw v. excite, curiosity. +qızıl a. 1) red; Qızıl Krest Red Cross; Qızıl Bayraq Red Banner; ~ tal willow; 2) red-hot. +qızılsha n. med. 1) rash; eruption; 2) measles. +qızıw I v. 1) get hot; 2) grow, (get) red hot; 3) get angry, get excited; become heated; qıza baslaw to grow tipsy, to become tipsy; be tipsy, be lit up; ol azǵana qıza basladı he is a bit tight, he is a bit lit up.
II n. 1. hop (ósimlik); 2. hops pl. (tuqım, dám); 3. drunkenness, intoxication; ~ halında in a state of drunkenness, in a state of intoxication. +qıyqań a. crooked, curved, +qıyqım I n. rag, shred,
II a. punctilious; (over) scrupulous. +qıyqımlıq n. punctiliousness; (over) scrupulosity; bir nársege onsha ~ bildirmew to be (over) not scrupulous about smth.; not to make too many scruples about smth. +qıyqıw n. noise. +qıyqıwlaw v. shout, cry; make a noise. +qıylı hár ~ different; various. +qıymıldaw v. move, stir; start; <> qıymıldaǵan qır asar (Maqal) more haste less speed. +qıynalıw v. 1) suffer (from), suffer (for); 2) be in a difficulty. +qıynaw I v. worry, torment; harass.
II n. torture, torment. +qıyratıw v. 1) crush; break; destroy; 2) overwhelm. +qıysıq a. crooked, curved. +qıytar a. n. qıysıq. +qıyıq 1) n. patch; scrap; 2) cunning, sly; <> ~ is qırq jılda da biliner murder will out. +qıyın a. difficult, hard; complicated, heavy; arduous; ~ másele difficult problem; ~ wazıypa difficult task; ~ waqıtlar hard times. +qıyınlasıw v. become difficult (complicated). +qıyınlatıw v. make it difficult. +qıyınlıq n. q. qıyınshılıq. +qıyınshılıq n. difficulty, obstacle (irkinish); trouble; bir-qansha ~ shegiw to be a matter of some difficulty. +qıyıw v. 1) cut; 2) shear. +qıl n. hair; attıń ~ı horse-hair. +qılmıs n. crime. +qılmıslı a. criminal; ~ adam a criminal. +qılıq n. 1) fault; delinquency; yur. misdemeanor; 2) trick; prank; escapade; 3) behaviour; conduct; jaramsız ~ bad behaviour, misbehaviour; 4) ways, manners; <> dostan bezgenshe jaman qılıǵıńnan bez (Naqıl) = better lose a jest than a friend. +qılısh n. sword. +qılıshlasıw I v. fence.
II 1. a. fencing; ~ óneri the art of fencing; ~ maskası fencing mask; ~ úyretiwshi (ustaz) fencing master; 2. n. fencing. +qılıshlaw v. to fence; to cut with a sword. +qılıshpaz n. fencer; master of fencing. +qılıshpazlıq n. fencing. +qılıw v. 1) do, make; doklad ~ to make a report; ertelep shınıǵıw ~ to do one's morning exercises; qáte ~ to make a mistake; 2) awqat ~ to cook; sarp ~ to spend (money), to waste; telefon ~ to phone, to ring up. +qımbat n. valuable, dear, expensive; ~ baha precious. +qımbatlaw v. to go up (prices); become (grow) expensive. +qımbatlı a. 1) dear; beloved, favourite; 2) precious, valuable. +qımbatshılıq n. high cost of life; high prices. +qımbatıw v. go up (price). +qımtaw v. turn. +qımırshıw v. tickle; meniń tamaǵım (murnım) qımırshıp turıptı I have a tickling sensation in my throat (nose), my throat (nose) tickles. +qın n. q. qınap. +qınap n. sheathe; qılıshtı ~qa salıw to sheathe the sword. +qıńır a. q. qıyqań. +qıpsa ~ saqlaw to keep in secret. +qıpsha a. thin, elegant, graceful. +qır n. shore, (sea) coast (teńizdiki); bank (dáryaniki). +qıraǵı a. vigilant, watchful, sagacious, perspicacious. +qıraǵılıq n. vigilance; sagacity, perspicacity insight. +qırǵız n. Kirghiz; ~ tili the Kirghiz language. +qırǵıy n. zool. hawk, sparrow-hawk. +qırdırıw v. 1) make one scrape off; 2) make one destroy; 3) make one shave (oneself). +qırq 1. num. card, forty; 2. ~ qulaq n. bot. fern. +qırqınshı num. ord. fortieth. +qırqıw v. 1) cut; 2) cross, intersect. +qırsıq n. q. qırsıqlıq. +qırsıqlıq n. 1) misfortune; trouble; 2) failure; hindrance; 3) whim; caprice; obstinacy, stubbornness; ~ etiw be capricious, be naughty (bala haqqında). +qırındı (aǵashtıń) n. sawdust. +qırıw v. 1) scrape; 2) shave; 3) destroy, ruin. +qırıwshı n. fighter, destroyer. +qıs n. winter; ~ta in winter; qarlı ~ snowy winter; qattı (ayaz) ~ severe winter; ~ túsip kiyatır winter is coming. +qısqa a. 1) short, brief; ~ tolqınlar (radio) short waves; 2) concise, abbreviated. +qısqarma n. abbreviation. +qısqartıw I v. 1) shorten, abbreviate (sózdi); abridge; 2) mat. reduce.
II n. shortening, abbreviation. +qısqarıw v. reduce, shorten, get (become) shortened. +qısqasha adv. briefly, in short, in brief. +qısqı (qıs) a. winter, wintry; ~ kúni winter day; ~ hawa rayı wintry weather; ~ kún wintry sun; ~ sport winter sport; ~ eginler winter plants; ~ úy ásk. winter quarters; ~ kiyimler winter clothes. +qısqısh n. (pair of) tongs pl.; pincers; scissors; jańǵaq ushın ~ nutcrackers; qant ~ı sugar tongs; xirurgiyada qollanatuǵın ~ forceps. +qıslaw I v. winter, pass (spend) the winter; hibernate (haywan, quslar haqqında).
II n. 1) wintering, winter stay; hibernation (haywanlar, quslar haqqında); 2) winter-camp; polar station. +qıssa n. story, narration, tale. +qısta adv. in winter. +qıstaw v. 1) hurry, hasten; 2) accelerate; speed up. +qıstawlı a. urgent pressing. +qısıjazı adv. all the year round. +qısım n. 1) pressure; 2) handful. +qısında adv. in winter. +qısındırıw v. make one feel shy; shame smb. +qısıw I v. 1) press, compress, squeeze, tighten; qol ~ to shake smb's hands; iynin ~ to shrug one's shoulders; grasp; 2) screw; kózin ~ to screw one's eyes; wink; squint (kúnge); narrow; 3) (kiyim, etik haqqında) pinch, hurt; qolıńdı qısaman (xat haqqında) with best wishes; <> qısılıp qalıw to become confused, to stop short.
II v.: meniń juregim qısadı my heart aches. +qısıwmet n. persecution; oppression. +qıt n. 1) shortage; 2) drought; 3) poor harvest. +qıtay n. a. Chinese; ~-tili Chinese, the Chinese language. +qıtıq n. tickling; ~tan qorqıw (qıtıǵı keliw) to be ticklish; birewdiń qıtıǵın keltiriw to tickle smb.'s vanity; qıtıǵım keldi it tickles me; onıń qıtıǵı keldi it tickles him. +qıtıqlasıw v. tickle each other; tickle one another. +qıtıqlaw I v. tickle.
II n. tickling. +qılıqshıl a. ticklish; delicate. +qıtıqshıllıq n. ticklishness; delicacy. +qıshqırıw v. shout, cry. +qıshqırtıw v. make one cry. +qıshıw v. itch. +qıshıma n. itch, scab; mange (haywanlarda). +qıshıtpa 1. n. itch, scab; 2. a. scabby; mangy. +qıya I a. 1) indirect; gram. ~ tolıqlawısh indirect object; 2) distant; ~ ósken distant relation; 3) inclinable, inclined.
II n. scowling look; sidelong glance. +qıyal n. 1) imagination, idea, fantasy; 2) dream; ~ súriw to dream (of); ~ǵa keltiriw to imagine. +qıyallanıw v. dream, think. +qıyalshań (oyshıl) a. dreamy; pensive, thoughtful; musing; dreamily thoughtful. +qıyalshańlıq n. dreaminess, thoughtfulness. +qıyalıy a. 1) imaginary; 2) legendary. +qıyalıq n. kos . gradient. +qıyamay n. 1. inclination, slope (tawdıń); 2. a. 1) oblique; 2) crooked; curved; wry. +qıyanat n. treachery; faithlessness (biywapalıq); ~ etiw to betray, to mislead, to deceive. +qıyanatshı n. traitor, betrayer. +qıyanatshılıq n. treachery, betrayal, treason. +qıyar n. cucumber. +laborant n. laboratory assistant. +laboratoriya n. laboratory; sóylew sabaǵınıń ~sı audio active laboratory; til sabaǵınıń ~sı broadcast language laboratory; universitettiń yamasa mekteptiń qalalıq ~sı campus laboratory; jeke tayarlanıw ~sı independent-study laboratory; informaciya texnologiyasınıń ~sı Information Technology laboratory; shet tiller ~sı (foreign) language(s) laboratory; kitapxana túrindegi til ~sı (jeke islew ushın) library language laboratory; kosmoslıq ~ space laboratory. +lava n. geol. lava. +lavka n. shop; (amer.) store. +labial a. labial. +labializaciya n. labialization. +labializaciyalanǵan a. labialized; labial. +lavr n. bot. laurel; hay (tree); ~ gúl shámberin qoydırıw to laurel. +ladya n. shaxm. castle. +lazım n. necessary; it is necessary; siziń saat onda úyge keliwińiz ~ it is necessary that you come home at 10 o'clock. +lak n. varnish, lacquer; tırnaq lagi nail polish; yapon lagi black japan. +laklew v. varnish, jacquer; yapon lagi menen ~ to japan. +laqap n. nickname; onıń laqabı “Professor” his nickname is “Professor”. +lala n. tulip; ~ ráńli scarlet coloured, coral. +lalazar n. tulip bed, tulip ground. +lampa n. lamp; radio ~sı valve; kerosin ~ oil lamp, kerosene lamp; shaxta ~sı Davy lamp. +lampochka n. el. bulb, electric bulb. +lawazım n. rank, grade; joqarı ~da bolıw to have a high rank; ~i joqarılaw (joqarı ~ǵa kóteriliw) promotion; to have risen to (the) higher ranks; to have attained the higher ranks. +lap n. twaddle; exaggeration; ~ etiw (~ qılıw) to exaggerate. +lapgóy n. twaddler; twaddle talker. +laplaw v. 1) flame, blaze; be on fire; 2) burn. +latviyalı 1. n. Lett; 2. a. Lettish; Latvian. +latish n. Lettish; ~ tili the Lettish language. +latın ~ tili Latin; ~ alfaviti Roman alphabet, Latin alphabet; ~ shrifti Roman characters, Roman type. +laureat n. laureate, prize winner. +láblebi n. beet, beetroot; qant ~ sugar-beet. +lágen n. 1) wash basin, basin; 2) large (flat) plate; amer. platter (aǵash ~). +lázzet n. 1) delight, pleasure, enjoyment, amusement; 2) taste, savour. +lázzetleniw v. delight, enjoy, amuse (oneself). +lázzetli a. 1) delightful, amusing, enjoying; 2) tasty (awqat). +lázzetsiz a. tasteless. +lám 1. n. moisture; dampness; 2. a. damp, moist. +lámgershilik n. humidity; dampness. +lámli a. moist; damp; humid. +lámlik n. dampness, humidity. +láń 1. a., n. 1) slack; lifeless, spiritless; ~ bolıw to grow weak (feeble); 2) hesitating, irresolute; 3) paralytic; ~ keseli paralysis; ~ etiw to paralyse; 4) (aqsaq) lame. +láńlik n. 1) weakness; 2) indecision, irresolution; 3) lameness (aqsaqlıq). +látte n. 1) rag, duster (shańdı artıw ushın); 2) awız. (adam haqqında) milk shop. +láshker n. troops, army. +lábiz n. promise; ~ etiw (~ qashıw) to promise, to make a promise; to give a promise. +legen n. q. lágen. +legenda n. 1) legend; tale, fable; 2) a. ~lıq batır legendary hero, imaginary hero. +leyborist n. labourist, labourite; member of the Labour party; labour man; ~ler partiyası Labour party; ~ler húkimeti Labour government. +leytenant n. lieutenant, (amer.); kishi ~ second lieutenant; aǵa ~ first lieutenant. +leksika n. lingv. vocabulary, lexicon. +leksikograf n. lingv. lexicographer. +leksikografiya n. lexicography. +leksikolog n. lexicologist, a lexicology teacher. +leksikologiya n. lexicology. +lektor n. lecturer; reader. +lektoriy n. lecturing bureau. +lekciya n. lecture (on, about); ~ǵa qatnasıw to attend lectures; ~ oqıw to lecture; to give (deliver) a lecture; Berdaq haqqında ~ oqıw to deliver a lecture on Berdakh; kinolekciya filmed lecture; fonogramma ~ taped lecture; kórsetpe qurallı ~ visualized lecture. +lenta n. 1) ribbon; fillet, hatband (qalpaqta) 2) tex. tape, band; telegraf ~sı (telegraph) tape; izolyaciyalawshı ~ insulating tape; oq ~sı cartridge belt; fotografiya ~sı photographic trap (kosmos); 3) kino~ film. +lepse n. 1. consumption; tez rawajlanatuǵın ~ galloping consumption; 2. a. consumptive. +lyotchik n. pilot flier, airman, aviator; ~ kosmonavt space pilot; space navigator; teńiz ~gi naval pilot. +liberalizm n. liberalism. +liberal n. liberal. +limit n. limit. +limitli a. limited. +limitsiz a. limitless, boundless. +limon n. lemon; ~ daraǵı lemon tree; ~ kislotası citric acid; ~lı chay tea with lemon; <> sıǵılǵan ~ squeezed orange (ekspluataciya haqqında). +limonad n. lemonade, lemon squash. +lingvist n. linguist. +lingvistika n. linguistics. +linza n. lens; pl. lenses. +lipildew v. twinkle, shimmer, glimmer. +lippe ~ tolı brimful; full to the brim. +lira n. 1) muz. lyre; 2) (İtaliya hám Turkiya aqsha birligi) lira, (pl. lire). +lirik n. lyric poet. +lirika n. lyric poetry. +litvalı n., a. Lithuanian; ~ tili the Lithuanian language. +litr n. litre; bes ~ kerosin five litres of kerosene. +litografiya n. lithograph (sanaatta). +litrlik a. litre; bir ~ shiyshe one litre bottle. +lift n. lift; elevator (amer.); ~te joqarı kóteriliw to lift. +liftshi n. liftman, elevator boy (amer.). +lobiya n. kidney-bean, haricot bean, bean. +logarifm n. mat. logarithm. +logika n. logic. +logikalı a. logical. +logikasız a. illogical. +loja n. teatr. box. +lozung n. slogan; catchword, watchword; ~ shıǵarıw (tarqatıw) to advance a slogan; paraxatshılıq ushın gúres ~ı peace slogan. +lotereya n. lottery; raffle; ~ bileti lottery-ticket; ~ satıw to raffle. +lord n. lord; ~lar palatası House of Lords. +loto n. lotto. +lıja n ski; ~da júriw (yamasa ~ tebiw) to ski; to go sk
IIng. +lıpa n. cover, case. +lıq ~ tolı full (filled) to the brim. +lyuk n. 1. teń. hatchway, hatch; mashinanıń ~i engine-room hatch; kos. tez ashılatuǵın ~ quick-acting hatch; 2. trap; jaqtılıq ~i sky-light. +mavzoley n. mausoleum; Lenin ~i Lenin mausoleum. +magnetizm n. magnetism; kos: jer ~i earth magnetism; terrestrial magnetism. +magnit n. magnet; tábiyiy ~ natural magnet; úzliksiz ~ permanent magnet. +magnitlik a. magnetic(-al); ~ maydanı magnet +magnitometr n. el. magnetometer; kos. jerdin magnit maydanın ólsheytuǵın ~ earth-field magnetometer. +magnoliya n. bot. magnolia. +maǵana q. máni. +maǵlıwmat I n. education; knowledge; ~ beriw to educate; to learn; ~ alıw to be educated.
II n. 1) information, intelligence (sg.); alınǵan ~ boyınsha according to the information received; ~ beriw to inform; 2) facts, statistics; kos. dáslepki ~lar reference data; input data; dúzetilgen dáslepki ~lar reduced data; cifrlı ~lar digital data. +maǵlıwmatlı a. educated. +maǵlıwmatsız a. uneducated; ~ adam uneducated man (person). +maǵız n. kernel, seed. +maza n. 1) taste; ~sı jaqsı it tastes nice; 2) enjoyment, amusement. +mazalı a. sweet; nice, tasty, delicious. +mazar n. 1) cemetery; 2) grave. +mazasız a. tasteless. +mazmun n. (xat, kitap) contents pl.; qısqa ~lı summary. +mazmunlı a. 1) intelligent, sensible; ~ juwap intelligent (sensible) answer; 2) significant; 3) meaningful, spiritual; ~ turmıs spiritual life; 4) moral. +mazmunsız a. absurd; senseless; meaningless. +may I n. May; Birinshi ~ May Day; the First of May.
II n. 1) butter; oil; 2) fat grease (kúydirilgen); haywan ~ı animal fat; quyrıq ~ fat of tail; balıq ~ı cod-liver oil; 3) lubricant (súrtiletuǵın); 4) wine, drink (in poetry). +mayda a. small; ~ pul small change; ~ qum fine sand; coin. +maydalanıw v. 1) become smaller; 2) crush; 3) change (puldı). +maydalaw v. 1) break, slice; 2) chop; break; 3) change (puldı). +maydan n. 1) area; 2) ground, playground; (sports) ground; kos. raketanıń ushırılıwın baqlaw ushın, kino hám televiziyalıq kameralar ushın ~ camera pad; tezleniw ~ı acceleration field; ottıń ~ı flame area; oraylıq kúshler ~ı central force field; tartıw kúshiniń ~ı gravity field; elektromagnitlik ~ electromagnetic field. +mayka n. football shirt; sport shirt (amer.). +maylaw v. 1) grease; oil; treat with oil, lubricate (mashinanı); 2) black (shoes); polish (shoes). +maylawshı n. bootblack, shoeblack. +maylı a. 1) butter, oil, oily; 2) plump, fat, rich (awqat haqqında); greasy. +maylıq n. serviette, dishcloth. +maymaq a. q. aqsaq. +maymıl n. monkey; adam sıyaqlı ~ ape. +mayor n. major. +mayıp n. hurt, wound; ~ qılıw to cripple, to hurt. +makaron n. macaroni. +maket n. 1) model; mock up; 2) ásk. dummy; tank ~i dummy tank; 3) kos. dummy; sputnik ~i dummy satellite; 4) (teatrda) scale model. +maqal n. proverb; saying. +maqala n. article; bas ~ editorial, leading article, leader. +maqaw n. med. leprosy. +maqpal n. velvet. +maqset n. aim, goal, object, end, purpose; ásk. objective; belgili ~ clear aim; ~tiń belgililigi clearness of purpose; ~ke (~ penen) (with) for the purpose (of + Gerund); with the object (of + Gerund); ~te with a view (to + Infinitive); birden bir ~ penen (Infinitive) (with) for the single (sole) purpose (of + Gerund); qanday ~ penen? for what purpose?; usı ~ penen with that end in view; ~ bolıw (to + Infinitive) to have for an object; (to + Infinitive); ~ke muwapıq to purpose one's object (aim), to have for an object; ~ qoyıw ( + Infinitive) to set oneself as an object; ~ke xızmet etiw to serve the purpose; ~ke jetiw to achieve (to gain, to attain) one's object (end); to secure one's object; ~siz purposeless; ~ke jetispeytuǵın ineffectual; ~ke juwap beriw to answer the purpose; óz ~i ushın to suit one's own ends; maqsetli (belgili maqsetke arnalǵan) a. for special purpose; single-minded, purposeful, clear of purpose. +maqtanshaq 1. a. proud; boastful; ~ bolıw to be proud (of), to take pride (in); vapourish; 2. ft. boaster, braggart. +maqtanshaqlıq n. praise; boastfulness. +maqtanıw v. praise; pride, be proud of oneself; to plume. +maqtanısh n. pride; ~ qılıw, ~ etiw to be proud (of); to take pride (in). +maqtaw I n. 1. pride; 2. a. praiseworthy; ~ qaǵazı testimonial.
II v. praise, pride, plume; kókke kóterip ~ to praise to the skies. +maqul I a. 1) suitable; reasonable; sensible; ~ kóriw (bolıw) to like; ~ tabıw to prefer; to consider; 2) agreeable, pleasant.
II part, very well! all right!, agreed!, okay (o. k.)! +maqullaw I v. approve (of), confirm.
II n. confirmation; approval; agreement. +mal I n. 1. cattle, livestock; ~ baǵıwshı (yamasa padashı) herdsman, shepherd; cowboy (amer.); 2. a. ~ sharwashılıq xojalıǵı stock-farm.
II n. riches wealth. +mala n. harrow; ~ basıw (malalaw) v. to harrow. +malay n. servant; valet. +malaqay n. cap, fur-cap. +malxana n. cattle shed (iri mallar ushın); sheep-cote (qoylar ushın). +mallı a. wealthy; ~ adam a man of wealth. +mamıq n. fur. +mandat n. mandate, warrant. +mandarin n. tangerine, mandarine. +mandolina n. mandolin(e). +manyovr n. manoeuvre; ~ jasaw (qılıw) to make evolutions. +manifest n. manifesto. +mantı n. manty (kind of national meal). +mańlay n. q. peshene. +mańız q. mazmun. +mańızlı q. mazmunlı. +mańızsız q. mazmunsız. +mańıraw v. bleat. +mapaz n. period, time. +marapatlanıw v. boast (of); brag (of, about). +marjan n. coral. +mardikar n. hireling. +marka n. postage stamp. +marksizm n. Marxism. +marksist n. Marxist. +mart n. March. +marshal n. marshal. +marshrut n. route, itinerary. +mas adv. accordingly; according (to); in accordance (with); ~ keliw to adapt oneself (to); to accommodate oneself (to); to correspond (to). +masaqlı a. ~ eginler cereals; grain crops. +masqara n. 1. mockery; mock; ~ qılıw to mock; 2. a. mocking. +masqarapaz n. mocker; clown. +maslasıw v. adapt oneself (to); accommodate oneself (to). +maslaw v. fit; adapt. +massa n. 1. mass; the masses; keń miynetkeshler ~sı the wide masses of working people; heap (úyin-júyin); 2. ~nıń orayı mass center; ~nıń saqlanıwı mass conservation. +massaj n. med. massage; ~ qılıw to massage. +massiv n. 1. massif, mountain-mass; 2. a. massive. +master n. foreman, skilled workman (zavodta); 2. sport ~i master of sports. +masterlik n. skill, mastership. +masshtab n. scale. +mat n. shaxm. checkmate; ~ qılıw, ~ etiw to mate. +matam n. mourning; ~ turıw to mourn; to go into mourning; ~ májlisi memorial meeting. +matamlı a. mourning; mournful. +matematik n. mathematician. +matematika n. mathematics. +matematikalıq a. mathematical; ~ analiz mathematical analysis; ~ fakultet mathematical faculty. +material n. 1) material; paltolıq ~ coating; kostyumlıq ~ suiting; kóyleklik ~ dressgoods; 2) (qurılıs) material. +materializm n. materialism; tariyxıy ~ historical materialism. +materialist n. materialist. +materiallıq a. material; (pul, zat) pecuniary; ~ awhal financial position; ~ járdem pecuniary aid. +materik n. 1) mainland; continent; 2) subsoil. +materiya n. 1) filos. substance; matter; 2) tekst. material, cloth, fabric; stuff. +matras n. mattress; prujinalı ~ spring-mattress; chexollı ~ straw-mattress. +matrica n. polig. matrix. +matros n. sailor; seaman. +match n. (sport) match; futbol ~ı football match. +mashaqat n. q. qıyınshılıq. +mashaqatlı a. difficult; hard. +mashaqatsız a. easy, simple. +mashina n. machine; engine (dvigatel); paxta teriw ~sı cotton picking machine; ~ aydawshı driver; kos. sputniktiń bortındaǵı esaplaw ~sı satellite-borne computer; cifrlı esaplaw ~sı digital computer; elektronlı esaplaw ~sı electronic computer. +mashinist n. engine-driver. +mashinistka n. typist. +mashinka n. jazıw ~sı type writer; shash alatuǵın ~ clipper. +mashqı n. exercise. +mashınshı n. tailor, dressmaker, seamstress (hayal). +mayak n. 1. torch; 2. lighthouse. +mayatnik n. pendulum; Shuller mayatnigi earth pendulum. +má ~ alıń take it, please; here it is, here you are. +mádeniy a. cultural; ~ aǵartıw cultural and educational. +mádeniyat n. culture, civilization. +mádeniyatlı n. a. cultural, cultured, educated; ~ adam a man of culture. +mádeniyatlastırıw v. civilize. +mádeniyatsız a. uncultured, uncivilized, rough mannered. +mádeniyatsızlıq ft. lack of culture, bad, form, bad manners. +mádet n. q. járdem. +májbúr a. forced, compelled, obliged; ~ bolıw to have to, to be to; men ketiwge ~ boldım I was to go. +májbúriy a. obligatory, compulsory; ~ (tálim) bilim universal (compulsory) education; ~ túrde by force, under compulsion. +májbúrlew v. make, compel; oblige; enforce; keep; kútiwge ~ to keep waiting; sóylemewge ~ to silence. +májgún a. crazy mad, insane. +máyek n. egg; ~ salıw to lay eggs. +máyli adv. well, all right, let it be. +mákán n. country-seat. +mákánlas n. native (man); neighbour. +mákeme n. office, government; administration; management; ~ni basqarıw to govern, to rule organization. +máki n. tekst. shuttle. +mákiyen n. zool. female. +mákkar a. perfidious; sly, cunning (hayal). +mákkarlıq n. slyness, archness; ~ qılıw to be cunning, to witch. +mákkejuweri n. maize, corn. +málim a. certain; definite; ~ qılıw (etiw) to inform, to report. +málimlew v. inform, report, let smb. know. +mámleket n. country, homeland. +máni n. sense; meaning; ~si joq there is no sense (yamasa point in); qaysı ~de in what sense; sózdiń tuwrı (qosımsha) ~si literal, metaphorical (figurative) sense of a word. +mániles n. synonym. +mánis q. máni +mánisizlik n. nonsense. +máńgi 1. a. eternal, everlasting; perpetual; 2. adv. forever, for good; eternally. +máńgilestiriw v. immortalize, perpetuate. +máńgilik n. eternity; immortality. +máńgilikke n. inmortalization, perpetuation. +máp n. q. payda. +mápgóy a. interested (in), concerned (with); ~ tárep interested party; party concerned; ~ adam person concerned. +márt a. courageous, manly; valiant. +márte time; bir ~ once. +mártebe I n. glory, fame, honour.
II adv. time; kúnige eki ~ twice a day; eki ~ twice; <> jeti ~ ólshep, bir jola kes (Naqıl) think twice, cut once. +mártlik n. valour, courage. +mártlershe adv. courageously. +más 1. a. drunk, tipsy; intoxicated; tight; 2. n. druncard, toper, tippler; ~ bolıw be drunk. +másele n. 1) question; 2) problem, task; tirishilik ~si a matter of life and death; ~ bunda emes that's not the question; kún tártibindegi ~ler point on the agenda; 3) problem; sum (arifmetikalıq); ~ sheshiw to solve a problem; to do a sum (arifmetikalıq); qosıw, alıw, bóliw, kóbeytiw ~si addition, substraction, division, multiplication sum; taktikalıq ~ tactical scheme; ~ler jıynaǵı (book of) problems in arithmetic (arifmetikalıq). +máselen adv. for example, for instance. +máskúnem n. drinker, druncard. +másláhát n. advice, counsel; ~ beriw to give smb. a piece of advice; to advise; onıń ~ı boyınsha on his advice. +másláhátshı n. adviser. +máwjit a. existing, essential, avaible. +máwlet n. time; date; period; ~ten aldın before the date; eki-úsh ay ~ penen (~ ishinde) within two three months; ~ ótiwi menen when the time expires. +máwsim n. season; period, time. +máhál n. 1) time, moment; túski ~ afternoon; usı ~ge shekem till this time; 2) gram. keler ~ future tense; ótken ~ past tense. +másh n. mash. +máshaba n. mashaba (a kind of national soup). +mebel n. furniture. +medal n. medal; ~ tapsırıw to bestow a medal; ~ alıw to get a medal. +medicina n. medicine; ~ doktorı doctor of medicine (M. D.); ~lıq medical; ~ zat medicines, drugs; ~lıq gúwalıq medical certificate, certificate of health; ~lıq tekseriw medical examination; ~ fakulteti medical faculty (department); ~lıq járdem medical aid (service); kos. atom ~sı atomedics; aviaciya-kosmoslıq ~ aerospace medicine; kosmoslıq ~ space medicine. +mezban n. host. +mezgil n. time; kos. solar time. +meyil n. appetite; ~ menen jew to eat heartily, with appetite. +meyli adv. all right, o'kay. +mektep n. school; úlkenlerdiń mektebi adult school; orta ~ middle school; high school (amer.); baslawısh ~ elementary school; ~ balası schoolboy, school-girl (qız); ~ oqıtıwshısı school-master, school-teacher; ~ke barıw to go to school; ~ti pitkeriw to finish school; ~ internat boarding-school, joqarı ~ high school; kórkem óner mektebi arts school; (tártibin) dúzetiw mektebi approved school (Br.); lager túrindegi ~ campus school; universitet janındaǵı joqarı ~ collegiate school; rayonlıq jámiyetlik ~ common school (Br.); ulıwma bilim beretuǵın ~ comprehensive school; sırttan oqıw mektebi correspondence school; aldınǵı tájiyribe mektebi demonstration school; ulıwma bilim beretuǵın ~ general education(al) school; joqarǵı ~ higher school; tolıq emes orta ~ junior high school; (tolıq) orta ~ junior-senior high school; middle school; orta texnika kásip mektebi technical (high) school; jeke bilim beretuǵın ~ ungraded school; ıqtıyarlı jámiyet mektebi voluntary school. +mekteples n. school-mate, school-fellow; school-friend. +melioraciya n. melioration. +men pron. pers. I, me; ~ onı kórdim I saw him; bul ~ it's me; ~ ol jerde joq edim I was not there. +menen cj. with, and; oqıtıwshı ~ with a teacher; ruchka ~ jazıw to write with a pen. +menzurka n. beaker. +meniki pron. poss. mine; bul qálem ~ this pencil is mine. +menińshe adv. I think; in my opinion, to my mind. +menmen a. selfish (person); egoistic(al). +menmenlik n. conceit; egoism; ~ qılıw 1) to give oneself airs; think no small beer of oneself; 2) selfishness. +menmensiw v. give oneself airs, think no small beer of oneself. +mensinbew v. disdain. +mensinbewlik n. neglect; disregard, disdain. +mensinbewshilik n. disdain. +menshiklik n. property. +meń n. birth-mark; wart (shúyel). +meńgeriw v. master, manage, cope (with); xojalıqtı ~ to manage a household; rule. +meńgeriwshi n. manager, chief, head. +meridian n. geogr. meridian. +mergen n. bowman, shot, sniper; sharpshooter. +metall 1. n. metal; 2. a. metallic. +metallurg 1. n. metallurgist; 2. a. metallurgical. +metallurgiya n. metallurgy; qara ~ ferrous metallurgy; reńli ~ non-ferrous metallurgy. +metateza n. lingv. metathesis (pl.-ses). +metodika n. method(s) pl. +megodikalıq a. systematic(al); methodic(al). +metodist n. ped. methodologist; adviser. +metodologiya n. methodology. +metonimiya n. lingv. metonymy. +metr n. metre; kvadrat ~ square metre; kub ~ cubic metre. +metrika n. (dokument) birth-certificate. +metro n. underground, metro; subway (amer.). +metropoliten n. underground; subway (amer.); metro (SSSRda); tube (Angliyada). +mexanizator n. machine-operator. +mexanizaciya n. mechanization. +mexanizaciyalastırıw v. mechanize. +mexanizm n. mechanism. +mexanik 1. n. mechanic; 2. a. mechanical. +meshkey n. eater; mouth. +meshit n. mosque (Muslims' place of public religious worship). +meshew n. tug, tug-boat, tow-boat; ~ge alıw to take in tow. +miy n. anat. brain; ~di isletiw (awız.) to use one's brains; <> birewdiń ~ine sińdiriw to hammer into smb.'s head; ~inen shıqpastay etiw to get (to take) into one's head. +miyi n. zool. tarantula. +miyir n. 1) pity; ~ qılıw to pity, to be (feel) sorry (for); 2) love; balalarǵa ~ love of children; watanǵa ~ love for one's country. +miyirman a. 1) loving; affectionate; 2) charitable. +miyirmanlıq n. 1) love; 2) charity; mercy. +miyli a. clever, sensible. +miyman n. guest; visitor; ~ǵa barıw to pay a visit (call); ~da bolıw to be on a visit; ~lardı kútip alıw to welcome one's guests. +miymanlı a. hospitable. +miymanshılıq n. hospitality. +miymanxana n. hotel; kishkene ~ inn. +miynet n. work; labour; toil (awır miynet); ~ semestri labour term; birlesken ~ productive work; ~ kúni work-day; ~ intizamı (tártibi) labour discipline; ~ haqı earnings pl.; wages (jumısshılardiki); salary (xızmetkerlerdiki); <> miynetsiz ráhát joq (Maqal)(embek etseń emerseń) no pains, no gains; (yamasa you cannot make an omelet without breaking eggs; no sweet without some sweat). +miynetkesh 1. a. working; ~ xalıq working masses; 2. n. worker, toiler. +miynetshil a. industrious; diligent. +miyras n. legacy, inheritance; ~ etiw to inherit; ~tan ayırıw 1. v. to disinherit; 2. n. disinheritance. +miyrasxor n. heir; ~ hayal heiress. +miyrim n. emotion. +miyrimli a. emotional; pitiful. +miyrimsiz a. pitiless, merciless, ruthless; brutal. +miysiz a. brainless, stupid. +miywe n. a. fruit; ~ terek fruit-tree. +miywezar n. orchard. +miyweli a. fruit; ~ terek fruit-tree; ~ baǵ orchard. +miywesiz a. fruitless. +mikrob n. microbe, germ. +mikrobiologiya n. microbiology. +mikrometr n. micrometer. +mikron n. fiz. micron. +mikroorganizm n. microorganism. +mikroskop n. microscope. +mikrostruktura n. microstructure. +mikrofon n. microphone; mike. +mil n. mile (1609 metr). +militarizaciya n. militarization. +militarizm n. militarism. +militarizmlik a. militaristic. +militarist n. militarist. +milicioner n. militiaman. +miliciya n. militia. +millet n. 1. nation; people; Birlesken Milletler Shólkemi The United Nations Organization; 2. nationality. +milliard n. milliard, billion (amer.). +milliarder n. billionaire. +milliardinshi num. ord. milliardth, billionth. +milliy a. national; ~ siyasat national policy; ~ másele national problem; ~ azatlıq háreketi national liberation movement. +milligram n. milligramme. +millimetr n. millimetre. +million n. million. +millioner n. millionaire. +mimoza n. bot. mimosa. +min ~ taǵıw to twit. +mina n. mine; minomyot ~sı mortar shell (bomb); ~ kómiw to mine, lay mines. +minara n. minaret; tower. +mine here, there; ~ al! here it is; here you are (sozıp turǵanda). +minez n. spirit. +mineral n. mineral; ~ suw mineral water. +mineralogiya n. mineralogy. +miniatyura n. miniature. +minimum n. minimum (pl. minima). +ministr n. minister; premer-~ Prime minister; sırtqı isler ~i Foreign Secretary; Minister of Foreign Affairs; finans ~i Minister of Finance. +ministrlik n. ministry; board; department (amer.); sırtqı isler ministrligi Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Foreign Office (Angliyada); State Department (AQShta); ishki isler ministrligi Ministry of Internal Affairs, Home Office (Angliyada); Department of the Interior (AQShta). +miniw v. mount; atqa ~ to mount a horse. +mingiziw v. mount. +minnet n. duty, responsibility. +minnetdar a. grateful; thankful. +minomyot n. mortar. +mintaz a. clear, fresh. +minus n. mat. minus. +minut n. minute; moment; instant; bir ~ta immediately; bes ~ ı kem 10 five minutes to ten; ~tı kórsetiwshi strelka minute hand (watch, clock). +mirát n. invitation; ~ etiw, ~ qılıw to invite (ask, call). +miting n. meeting; rally (amer.). +miyassar ~ bolıw to turn out well; to be a success. +mifologiya n. mythology. +mobilizaciya n. mobilization. +mobilizaciyalaw v. to mobilize. +moda n. fashion, vogue; ~da bolıw to be in fashion; ~ǵa kiriw (keliw) to come into fashion; to become fashionable; ~ menen kiyiniw to be fashionably dressed; ~ jurnalı mode journal, fashion-paper. +modal a. modal; ~ feyiller modal verbs. +modallıq n. modality. +model n. 1. kos. dummy; 2. model, pattern; samolyottıń ~i model of an aeroplane. +modelshi n. modeler, patternmaker. +moyın n. neck; moynına asılıw fall (throw) oneself on somebody's neck; throw one's arms round somebody's neck. +moyıntırıq n. yoke. +mol n. abundant, plentiful, hearty (awqat); heavy. +molekula n. molecule. +mollıq q. molshılıq +molshılıq n. abundance. +momın a. quiet; simple; ordinary. +monarxiya n. monarchy. +mongol n. Mongol; ~ tili the Mongolian language. +monolit a. monolithic. +monolog n. monologue. +monopoliya n. monopoly. +montaj n. assembling, mounting; cutting; (kinoda) ~law jumısları installation work. +montyor n. fitter. +monsha n. bath-house. +monshaq n. pearl; beads, jewel. +monument n. monument. +mor n. flue. +morja (shıranıń) n. spoke-screen; lamp-chimney; (paroxodta, parovozda) funnel, smoke-stack; <> tútinniń ashshısın morı biledi (Maqal) he jests at scars that never felt a wound. +morojenoe n. ice-cream. +mort a. fragile; frail, brittle. +mortlıq n. fragility; frailness. +morfema n. lingv. morpheme. +morfologiya n. morphology, accidence. +morfologiyalıq n. lingv. morphological. +moskit n. mosquito. +motor n. motor; engine. +motorlı a. motor; ~ qayıq motor boat; ~ vagon front car. +motorsız a. engineless. +motocikl n. motorcycle. +motociklist n. motorcyclist. +mólsher n. rough draft; first outline. +mólsherlew v. plan; project, outline. +móńrew v. low, moo (sıyır haqqında), bellow (buǵa haqqında); roar; moan, groan. +mór n. 1. seal, stamp, signet; 2. mould; ~ basıw to grow mould. +mórlew v. grow mould; put enclose (xattı). +mramor n. marble. +muǵallim n. teacher; tutor (úyde oqıtsa); school-master, school-teacher (mektepte); schoolman (AQShta); anglichan tili ~i English teacher; ~ hayal teacher, school-mistress; ~ler xanası teacher's room, staff room; mashina járdeminde oqıtıw ~i automatic teacher; diplomlı ~ certificated teacher; klasstıń tiykarǵı ~i class teacher; mektep ~i school teacher; baslawısh mektep ~i elementary class teacher; aǵa ~ head-master, senior teacher; yarım stavkadaǵı ~ part-time teacher; arnawlı pánnen oqıtatuǵın ~ specialist teacher; klass basshısı supervising teacher; jallanba ~ visiting teacher. +muǵdar 1. a. quantitative; 2. n. quantity; rate (is haqınıń muǵdarı). +mudamı adv. always. +muz n. ice; ~ǵa qoyıw to stand on ice; to put on ice; ~ jarǵısh (keme) icebreaker. +muzday a. icy; icy-cold. +muzey n. museum. +muzlandırıw I v. freeze, congeal.
II n. freezing, congelation. +muzlaw I v. freeze, freeze down.
II n. freezing. +muzlıq n. glacier. +muzxana n. 1. glacier; 2. refrigerator, ice-box (amer.). +muzıka n. 1. music; 2. a. ~ mektebi music school. +muzıkalı a. musical. +muzıkant n. musician. +mulayım q. munayım. +mum n. wax. +munayım a. tender. +munayımlıq n. tenderness. +muńlı a. sad; mournful, doleful. +murat q. maqset. +murt n. moustache (adamda), whisker (pıshıq, jolbarısdiki). +murtlash a. mustachioed. +murın 1. n. nose; qır ~ aquiline nose; pushıq ~ snub-nosed. +muskul 1. n. muscle; 2. a. muscular. +musılman n. Muslim. +mut adv. cheap(ly). +muwapıq 1. n. accordance, conformity, compliance; correspondence; ~ keliw to conform (to); to correspond (to, with), to be in line (with); haqıyqatlıqqa ~ keliw to correspond to the facts; jaǵdayǵa ~ keliw to (meet) fit the situation; maqsetke ~ keliw to answer the purpose; ~ emes unsuitable; untrue to type; 2. adv. accordingly, correspondingly, conformably; according to, in conformity, compliance to; 3. a. conformable, suitable. +muwapıqlasıw v. 1) fit (to), adapt (to); adjust; 2) conform (to); correspond (to, with). +muwapıqlastırıw v. adjust (adapt) oneself; accommodate oneself. +muxıyt n. 1) occasion; 2) environment, surroundings. +mush n. fist; (~ penen urıw) ~lasıw to fist; <> qorqaq aldın ~ kóterer (Maqal) barking dogs seldom bite. +múddet ~inen burın beforehand; kórsetilgen (belgilengen) ~de by the time fixed; by a special date; plandı ~inen burın orınlaw to fulfill the plan ahead of time. +múddetli qısqa ~ short-term; short-dated. +múddetsiz a. permanent (úzliksiz). +múyesh n. 1. corner; ~te at the corner (sırtta); in the corner (ishte); 2. mat., fiz. angle; tuwrı ~ right angle; ótkir ~ acute angle; ótpes ~ obtuse angle. +múlgiw v. doze off. +múlk n. property; belongings pl.; mamleket ~i State property; kolxoz ~i kolkhoz property; jeke-menshik ~i personal property; ~ iyesi wealthy man; landowner; ~ iyesi klasslar the propertied classes. +múmkin 1. a. possible, probable; ~ bolsa if it is possible; bolıwı ~ probably, it is possible; 2. adv. probably, possibly, +múmkinlik n. possibility. +múnásip a. corresponding, suitable; ~ bolıw to correspond (to); ~ emes out of place, tactless; not corresponding (with), unworthy (of). +músápir n. 1) newcomer, visitor; 2) foreigner. +músiybet n. misfortune, disaster; ~ shegiw (tartıw) to grieve. +músiybetli a. disastrous. +músin n. beauty, elegance, grace. +músindey a. beautiful. +múshkillesiw v. be complicated; be hard; become difficult. +mıjımırlanıw v. be rumpled, wrinkled. +mıyıq n. smile; ~ tartıw to smile. +mıqlı a. solid. +mıljıń n. talker, chatterer, windbag. +mıljıńlaw v. chatter, gabble, talk nonsense (rub-fish). +mıltıq n. 1. rifle; gun; ~ atıw to fire a gun; 2. a. ~ dári powder; ~ dári qutısı powder case. +mınamanda adv. here; it is here. +mıń num. card, thousand; ~ jıllıq millennial; a thousand years. +mıńlap thousands; in thousands. +mıńınshı num. ord. thousandth. +mırza n. sir; gentleman. +mıs 1. n. copper; sarı ~ brass, yellow copper; qızıl ~ red copper; cuprite; ~ taqta copper sheets; 2. a. ~ teńge copper coins pl.; awız. copper coin. +mısal n. example; instance; illustration; ~ ushın for example; for instance; ~ keltiriw to give example. +mısker n. brazier; coppersmith. +mısırlı n. Egyptian. +nabada conj. if, whether, even if, in any case. +nabat n. fruit-drop. +nabıt ~ bolıw 1) to abolish; to destroy; 2) to be lost, to perish, to die; ~ etiw 1) to kill; 2) to destroy, to ruin. +nabıtgershilik n. waste; loss. +nagada adv. sometimes. +nagan n. pistol, revolver. +nagrada n. 1) reward; recompense; 2) decoration (ayrıqshalıq belgisi); prize (mektepte); aqshalay ~ gratuity; money award; húkimet ~sı government award. +nagradlaw I v. reward (with) (órden, medal menen) decorate (with); award (to); confer a decoration (up, on).
II n. rewarding; decorating (smb.). +naǵara n. muz. kettledrum. +naǵı a. presence. +naǵıs n. 1) pattern; design; ornament; ~ salıwshı painter; artist; 2) drawn-thread work; ~ salatuǵın (tigetuǵın) iyne needle for drawn thread work; oyma ~ figured, earning; oyıp ~ salıw engraver. +nadan a. 1) ignoramus; 2) stupid, muddle-headed; <> nadan bolıp tuwılǵannıń dawası bolmaydı (Maqal) he who is born a fool is never cured; <> biykarshılıq nadanlardıń bayramı (Maqal) idleness is the holiday of fools. +nadurıs a. unreal. +naz n. whim, caprice; ~ etiw to be capricious; play, grace. +nazalim a. 1) affectionate; loving charming; 2) delicate. +nazlı a. capricious. +nay I n. 1) tube; 2) flute.
II n. muz. falsetto; bugle; ~ menen qosıq aytıw to sing in falsetto. +nayza n. 1) spear; 2) bayonet; 3) sting (shayan, hárrelerde). +nayzapaz n. fencer, master of fencing. +naysha n. bot. ovary. +nayshı n. flutist. +naq n. 1. cash, ready money; ~ aqshalay tólew to pay cash; 2. a. net, clear; ~lay awırlıǵı net weight; ~ payda, ~ pul cash sg.; ready money; clear profit; ~ júzsom alıw to make a clear hundred sums; clear hundred sums. +naqpa-naq q. naq. +naqıl n. proverb, saying. +naqırat n. refrain. +nala n. moan, groan; sobbings; ~ shegiw to moan; to groan; to sob. +nalim (balıq) n. burbot. +nalıw v. murmur; complain. +nama n. melody, tune. +namazsham n. twilight. +namaqul a. absurd. +namaqullıq n. absurdity; nonsense. +namálim unknown; maǵan ~ I am not aware (of). +namárt a. villain, rascal. +namıs n. 1) honour; 2) shame; ~ın joytıw; ~sızlıq etiw to lose all sense of shame, to be lost to shame; ~ etiw to be ashamed (of). +namıslı a. shamefaced, shameful. +namıssız a. shameless, barefaced, brazen (face), disgraceful. +nan n. bread, loaf; qara~ brown bread; rye-bread; aq ~ white bread, wheat bread; japqan ~ home-made bread; qatqan ~ stale bread; ~ jabıw to put (the) bread into the oven; to make bread; jumsaq ~ fresh-baked (newly-baked) bread; may jaǵılǵan ~ bread and butter; <> nanın tabıw to make one's bread, to earn one's living. +nanbayxana n. bakery; bake house. +nanbayshı n. baker. +nanbar n. manure, dung, muck; ~dıń tóbesi dung hill; ~ ashıtıw to manure, to dung. +napaqa n. benefit; relief. +nan-pan n. q. nan. +nar a. brave, bold, courageous; audacious, valiant; ~ jigit a brave bold man (fellow). +narazı a. 1. displeased, dissatisfied; 2. not agreeing (to with); discordant (with); ~ bolıw not to agree; disagree; 3. complaint; ~ qılıw complaint (to, of), make complaints (against, to). +narazılıq n. 1. discord; 2. refusal; objection; ~ bildiriw to refuse; to object, to complain (of); discontent; 3. dissatisfaction; ~ tuwǵızıw to rise to unfavourable criticism; complaint. +narechie n. lingv. dialect; jergilikli til (ózgeshelikleri) narechiesi local dialects. +narkoz n. med. narcosis. +nart n. rod, twig, whip. +nasaz ~ǵa shabatuǵın fraught (with); aqıbeti ~ǵa shabatuǵın waqıyalar fraught with serious events (consequences). +nasos n. pump; hawa ~ air-pump. +natriy n. xim. natrium. +natuwrı 1) a. incorrect; wrong; ~ túsiniw to misunderstand; 2) it is not true; 3) wrong, incorrect; 2. adv. incorrectly. +nawa I n. gutter, trough; channel.
II nothing; ~m joq I have nothing. +nawqan n. cocoon; ~ qurtı silk-worm. +nawqas a. ill. +naushnik n. pl. earphones, headphones (qulaqqa qoyıp tıńlaytuǵın ásbap). +naftalin n. naphthalene; flake camphor. +nahaq a. unjust; unfair. +nashar a. puny, undersized. +nayatiy adv. very, too. +názer n. 1) look; glance; gaze; stare, glare; ~ge alıw, ~de tutıw to take into consideration; ~imde to my mind, in my judgment; 2) sight; ~de in sight; ~ salıw to fix one's eyes; ~ge ilmeslik disregard. +názik a. 1) tender; 2) affectionate; loving; 3) delicate; 4) thin; weak. +nápsiqaw a. greedy. +nápsixor q. nápsiqaw. +nárenjan a. weak. +náreste n. baby, infant; ~lik waqıt infancy, babyhood. +nárse n. thing, object; ~ler things; hár ~ every thing; hár túrli ~ler different things; bir ~ something; saǵan bir ~ boldıma? what is the matter with you?; hesh ~ nothing. +nárse-qara n. things; xojalıq ~ları household things. +násiyhat n. admonition; advice; ~ qılıw to admonish; to advise. +násil n. 1) family, kin; 2) biol. genus; 3) generation; 4) breed (mal). +násildar a. pedigree; ~ haywan pedigree cattle, bloodstock. +nátiyje n. 1) result, outcome; ~de in consequence (of); ~lerin xabaretiw to announce the results; ~ge keliw to come to the conclusion. +nátiyjeli a. fruitful, resultative, effective, intensive. +náwbáhár n. early spring. +náwbet n. 1) turn, line; óz ~inde in its (my, his) turn; ~i menen in turn; ~ siziki it is your turn; 2) queue, line; ~te turıw to line (queue) up; 3) one time, once; <> óz ~i menen bola beriw to take its normal course. +náwbetlestiriw v. alternate (with). +náwbetlesiw I v. alternate, take turns.
II n. alternation, interchange. +náwpir a. much, many, a lot of, great many. +náwshe n. high; stature (adam haqqında). +náhán a. 1) big, large; 2) huge, vast. +ne I particle, conj. neither... nor; stoldıń ústinde oqıǵanday ne gazeta bar, ne jurnal bar there are neither newspapers nor magazines on the table to read.
II pron. inter. what; bul ~? what is this?; bul ~ ańlatadı? what does this mean?; sizge ~ boldı? what is the matter with you?; ~ ushın? what for?; ~ sebepten why?; ~ gáp ózi? what is the matter?; ~ bolsada? whatever happens?; ~ bolıptı? well, what of it? +nevropatolog n. med. neuropathist. +negativ n. foto negative. +nege adv. why; what for; ~ keshiktińiz? why are you late?; ~ maǵan aytpadınız? why did you not tell me? +negiz I n. essence, main point; ~inde as a matter of fact; ~in alǵanda yamasa ~in aytǵanda practically speaking.
II it. 1) basis, foundation; 2) original; ~i menen salıstırıw to compare with the original; ~in salıw to establish, to set up, to found; 3) gram. stem. +negizinde adv. essentiality. +negizgisi v. 1) gist; main point; 2) essentiality. +negr n. Negro. +neytral a. neutral; ~ zona neutral zone; ~ mámleket neutral country. +neytrino n. neutrino. +neytron (yadrodaǵı zaryadsız bólekshe) n. kos. neutron. +neke n. marriage; betrothal engagement; ~ qıyıw wedding. +nekelilik n. wedlock. +nemere n. grandchild. +nemis n. 1. German; 2. a. ~ tili the German language. +neologizm n. lingv. neologism. +nerv 1. n. anat. nerve; ~ke tiyiw to get on smb.'s nerves; 2. a. nervous; ~ sisteması the nervous system; ~ kesellikleri nervous disease. +nesiye n. credit; ~ge alıw to buy on credit; to owe money; to run into debt. +neft n. oil; ~ sanaatı oil industry. +neshe pron. inter. how much?, how many?; saat ~ boldı? what's the time?; saatıńız ~ boldı? what time is it by your watch?; ~ márte? how many times?, how often?; ~ kitap aldıńız? how many books did you buy?; bul bólmede ~ adam bar? how many people are there in this room?; sizge ~ qálem kerek? how many pencils do you need? +neshinshi pron. inter. which; ~ jıl which year? +niyet n. intention; aim; purpose. +nikel n. nickel. +nishter n. 1) sting; ~ urıw to sting; 2) stinger (shayan, hárre m. b. da). +novator n. innovator. +novella n. short story; ~ jazıwshı novelist. +nol n. nought; zero (temperatura haqqında); cipher (cifrda); nil (oyında ochkolar sanın sanaǵanda); o (telefonda, nomerde); kos. absolyut ~ absolute zero; ~ge túsiriw (alıp keliw) to bring to nought (nothing), to reduce to zero; ~ge keliw to come to nought (nothing); <> ol ~ kewil awdarmaydı he does not care a fig. +nomer n. 1) number; 2) size (razmer); 3) (koncertde) turn, item; bilet ~i ticket number; telefon ~i telephone number. +nomerlew v. number; kitaptıń betlerin ~ to paginate, to number the pages. +nomerli a. numbered; number; numerated; jetinshi ~ úy house no. 7. +norvegiyalıq n. Norwegian. +norma n. standard; norm; quote; kúndizgi ~nı orınlaw to produce the daily quote; minez-qulıq ~sı standard (norm) of behaviour; huquq ~ları legal regulations. +normal a. normal; sane. +normalaw v. set norms. +normallastırıw I v. normalize.
II n. normalization; standardization. +nota n. muz. note; ~ menen shertiw play a note. +notarius n. notary. +noyabr n. November; jetinshi ~ the 7th of November. +nóker n. troops, army, soldiers. +nóser n. downpour (heavy) shower; kos. keń atmosferalıq ~ auger shower. +nuklon (yadrolıq bólekshelerdiń ulıwma atı) n. fiz. nucleon. +nur n. 1) ray, beam; 2) light; ~ında by the light (of); 3) radiation; kos. antenna ~ı antenna beam; kosmoslıq ~ cosmic radiation; fon ~ı blackground radiation; túnde aspannıń ~ tartıwı night-glow. +nurlanıw I v. 1) shine; 2) radiate.
II n. radiation; ~dıń basımı radiation pressure; túngi ~ nocturnal radiation; kúnniń radio tolqınlardınurlandırıwı radio sun. +nurlı a. radiant. +nursız a. dim, dull. +nursızlanıw v. grow dim (yamasa dull). +nusqa n. 1) standard; model, pattern; 2) specimen; 3) appearance. +nuw a. thick, dense. +nızam n. statute, law; áskeriy ~ martial law; saylaw haqqında ~ statute of election. +nıq a. strong. +nıqap 1. n. mask; camouflage; ~tı alıw to throw off the mask; 2. a. masking; disguise. +nırq n. price; cost. +nısatir n. liquid ammonia. +nıshan n. trait; streak; belgili ~ı distinguishing feature; <> úylengenniń ~ı it is a family trait; it runs into the family. +nıshana n. target, mark; ~ǵa tiygiziw to hit the mark; to hit the bull's eye; ~ǵa tiymew to miss the mark. +nıshanalaw (nıshanaǵa alıw) v. aim (at); drive (at); mıltıqtı, nagandı~ to aim (to level) a rifle, a gun, a pistol (at), etc. +o awız. q. ol; onı him (her); men onı kóp zamanlardan beri kórmedim I haven't seen him (her) for ages; onda ...bar he (she) has; onda kóphár qıylı qızıq kitaplar bar he (she) has many different interesting books; o gezde at that time, at that moment, those years; sen o gezde júdá jas bala ediń you were too little a boy at that time (at that moment, those years); o kúni keshte that night; o kúni that day; o nege? why?; o yaq that side; o jaǵınanda bu jaǵınanda from all sides, from every side. +obzor n. survey; review. +obzorshı n. reviewer, commentator. +obkom n. (oblast partiya komiteti) Regional Party Committee. +oblast n. province; region; district. +obraz n. image. +obrazlı 1. a. figurative picturesque; image, bearing; ~ bildiriw to figure of speech; image bearing expression; ~ súwretlew to graphic description; 2. adv. in figurative way, figuratively. +obrazlılıq n. figurativeness; picturesqueness. +oborot n. el. 1) turn-over; 2) pul ~ı money turnover; kapital ~ı circulating capital; working capital. +observatoriya n. observatory; kos. kosmoslıq ~ space observatory; AQShtıń orbitalıq kún ~sı orbiting solar observatory; AQShtıń orbitalıq geofizikalıq ~sı orbiting geophysical observatory. +obekt n. object. +obektiv n. 1) fiz. object-glass; 2) objective. +obektivli a. objective, impartial; ~ shınlıq objective truth. +ogorod n. kitchen-garden. +oǵada adv. too very; ~ suwıq too cold; ~kóp much, too much; very much, a lot of; ~ az too little; ~ tez very often; very quickly; <> bul endi ~ that's too much! that's going too far! that's a bit (little) too thick. +oǵan q. ol. +odaǵay a. hollow; feeble. +odan q. ol. +odekolon n. Eau-de-Cologne; troynoy ~ triple Eau-de-Cologne; gúlli ~ flower-scented Eau-de-Cologne. +odeyalo n. 1) blanket; quilt; jún ~ woolen blanket; 2) coverlet; counterpane. +ojaw n. scoop. +ozal ~ bastan from the beginning. +oy n. thought; ~ oylaw to think, to muse (on, upon); <> boyı pás bolsada, oyı bálent (Maqal) a little body often harbors a great soul. +oylanbastan adv. without thinking twice; at random. +oylanıw v. think; think over; consider; mıń aytsań da oyına kirip-shıqpaydı he is so pig-headed. +oylap ~ tabıw (shıǵarıw) 1) to invent; create; 2) n. invention; creation; ~ tabıwshı inventor; creator. +oylasıq n. advice; ~beriw to advise, to give a piece of advice. +oylasıw v. advise with somebody. +oylaw v. 1. think; 2. consider, suppose. +oylı a. thoughtful. +oylı-shuqır a. bumpy, uneven (kóshe haqqında). +oyma a. carved. +oymaq n. thimble. +oynaw v. 1) play; 2) dance; 3) walk; jarısıp ~ to compete; 4) amuse oneself, have fun. +oypat n. vale. +oypatlıq n. q. oypat. +oyshıl n. thinker; 2. a. thoughtful. +oyın n. 1) play (háreket);2) game (oyınnıń túri);3) teatr. play, acting; ayaq ~ǵa túsiw to dance; <> ~ sóz pun. +oyınshıl a. playful. +oyınshıq n. toy, plaything. +oyıw v. 1) dig; 2) pinch; 3) cut out, carve (aǵashtı); engrave (metaldı). +okean n.a. ocean; ~ paroxodı ocean-liner. +okno n. (raspisaniede) gap, «window». +okrug n. district. +oktyabr n. October; Ullı Oktyabr socialistlik pevolyuciyası the Great October Socialist Revolution. +okulist n. med. oculist. +okulyar n. kos. eyepiece. +oq I n. 1) arrow; 2) bullet; ~ atıw to shoot (at); to fire (at) (oq shıǵarıw); <> aytılǵan sóz, atılǵan oq (Maqal) a word spoken is past recalling.
II n. axis. +oqjay n. bow; rainbow. +oqpan n. hole, burrow. +oqsız a. ásk. blank; blank-fire (attr.); ~ patron blank cartridge; ~ atıw (qurı dári menen atıw) blank shot; ~ dári salıp oqlaw blank-fire charge. +oqıǵanlıq n. learning. +oqımıslı a. educated, literate. +oqıtıw I v. 1) teach, train; 2) learn.
II n. 1) teaching; 2) course; 3) education; 4) instruction; 5) learning; study, training; tutoring; avtomatlastırılǵan ~ automated teaching; gruppa boyınsha ~ class teaching; tar tarawlı ~ departmental teaching; (shet) tildi televideniya arqalı ~ Language Teaching by Television (LTTV). +oqıtılıw v. be taught. +oqıtıwshı n. teacher. +oqıw I v. 1) read; lekciya ~ to give (yamasa deliver) lecture; 2) study, learn; institutta ~ to study at the institute.
II 1. n. 1) reading; túsinip ~ reading with response; teksttiń mánisin talıqlap ~ before-question reading; xor menen ~ reading in chorus, mass (-drill) reading; urıstırıp ~ coherent reading; connected reading; klasstan tısqarı ~ extraclass reading; home reading; analitik ~ intensive reading; analytical reading; dıqqatlı ~ observational reading; dawıslap ~ oral reading; ishten ~ silent reading; qosımsha ~ supplementary reading; shıǵarmanıń mazmunın tereń ashıp ~ thoughtful reading; 2) learning; túsinikke tiykarlınıp ~ learning by insight; oqıw opnında ~ learning in an academic setting; óndiristen qol úzbey ~ learning on the job; teoretikalıq ~ academic learning; analitikalıq ~ analytical learning; yadqa ~ audio learning; jeke (óz-ózinen) ~ auto instructional learning; ana til negizinde (salıstırıp) shet tilin ~ cognitive (code) learning; oqıtıwshı basshılıǵında ~ face-to-face learning; kinofilm járdeminde ~ film (-mediated) learning; Gatri metodı menen~ Guthrie's learning; parlap salıstırıw metodı boyınsha ~ paired-associated learning; programma boyınsha ~ programmed learning; soraw-juwap metodı menen ~ response learning; etaplı ~ (etap boyınsha ~) stage-by-stage learning; úzbey ~ (qol úzbey oqıw) whole learning; 2. a. educational, school; ~ jılı school year. +oqıwshı n. pupil. +ol 1. pron. pers. 1) he; she; it; ~ ayıplı emes he is not guilty; ~ menen with him (her); 2) oǵan to (for) him (her); 3) onda at him (her); 4) onnan from him (her); men bul kitaptı odan aldım I took this book from him; 5) oniki his, hers; 2. pron. demonstr. that; ~ kisi that man; ~ jaqta there; onnan keyin after that, then. +olaq a. incapable, dull (oqıwshıhaqqında); unskillful. +olaqlıq n. dullness. +olar pron. pers. they; ~dıń their; ~dı them; ~da bar they have; ~dan (from) them; ~ menen with them; ~ haqqında about them. +olja n. trophy, prey. +olimpiada n. sport. olympiad. +olimpiadalıq a. Olympic; ~oyınları Olympic games. +omograf n. lingv. homograph (bir qıylı jazıwǵa iye bolǵan sózler). +omonim n. lingv. homonym. +omonimlik a. homonymous. +omofon n. lingv. homophone (aytılıwı bir qıylı sózler). +omırawlap ~ iyteriw v. to apply oneself (to). +omırtqa n. anat. 1) vertebra (pl. vertebrae) ; 2) spine, spinal column. +omırılǵısh (mort) a. fragile, frail; brittle. +omırılıw I v. fall, rumble.
II n. break, fall, collapse, avalanche, snowslip (qar); landslide (jer, jaǵa haqqında). +omırıw v. mash, dig. +on num. card. ten. +onda q. ol. +onday adv. such. +ondatra n. (ań) marsh-rat. +onlaǵan ten; ~ kitap ten books. +onlıq n. ten. +onnan q. ol. +onı q. ol. +onıki q. ol. +onınshı num. ord. tenth. +oń I a. I) right; 2) rightwing; 3) a. positive; ~ xarakter positive character; máseleni ~ına sheshiw positive (favourable) solution of the problem.
II n. reality; <> ońım ba, túsim be? Is it my dream or reality? +ońay a. 1) easy; 2) handy (paydalanıw ushın). +ońaylasıw v. get simplified, to get easy. +ońaylıq n. easiness. +ońaysızlanıw v. be shy, be ashamed. +ońlanıw v. improve; reform; turn over a new leaf. +ońlaw I v. 1) correct; 2) mend, repair; 3) reform; qáteni~ to correct a mistake; jaǵdaydı ~ to remedy (to improve) the situation; 2) arrange; set going; qatnasıqtı ~ to set up good relations; to establish contact.
II n. 1) correction, correcting; 2) mending; repairing; teksti ~ amending (of) the text; 2) correction, amendment. +ońlı n. comfort, convenience. +opa n. faithfulness, loyalty; devotion. +opalı a. devoted; ~ dos devoted friend. +opalılıq n. devotion, faithfulness, loyalty, fidelity. +opasız a. unfaithful, faithless, disloyal. +opasızlıq n. unfaithfulness, infidelity. +opat 1. n. death, decease; ~ bolıw to ruin oneself; 2. a. ruined, destroyed. +opatshılıq n. ruin, destruction. +opera n. opera. +operator n. operator. +operaciya n. operation; ~ qılıw, ~ islew to operate. +operetta n. musical comedy, operetta. +oppoziciya n. opposition. +opponent n. opponent, critic; ~lik qılıw to act as opponent. +opportunizm n. opportunism. +opportunist n. opportunist. +optik 1. a. optic(al); 2. n. optician. +optika n. optics. +optimizm n. optimism. +optimist n. optimist. +opırılıw I v. fall, rumble.
II n. 1) break; 2) fall, collapse; 3) avalanche, snowslip (qar, dárya jaǵası haqqında). +opırıw v. mash, dig, throw. +or n. ditch, gutter. +oray n. 1. centre; mat., fiz. gravity; awırlıq ~ı centre of gravity; sawda ~ centre of trade; mádeniyat ~ı cultural centre; mámleket, qala ~ı in the centre (heart) of country (town); aylanıw ~ı centre of rotation; keńlik ~ı teń. centre of buoyancy; qalanıń, mámlekettiń ~ında in the centre (heart) of town, country; kos. kosmoslıq texnikanıń Evropalıq ~ı European space Technology Centre; AQShtıń EİMS ilim izertew ~ı American Research Centre; esaplaw ~ Computing centre; koordinaciyalanǵan esaplaw ~ coordinating computing Centre; dıqqattıń ~da bolıw to be in the spotlight; bir nárseni dıqqat ~ına qoyıw to make smth. a centre of attention, to focus attention on smth. +oraylastırıw n. centralization. +oraylıq a. central; ~ komitet central committee; ~ nerv sisteması central nervous system; ~ ısıtıw central heating; ~ hújimshi (sport.) centre forward. +oraq n. 1) sickle; ~ hám balǵa hammer and sickle; 2) harvest, mowing, haymaking; 3) hook. +oraqshı n. mower, haymaker; reaper. +oralıw v. 1) wind round, entwine; 2) pack up; 3) surround (with), get entangled. +oram n. 1) bundle; qaǵaz ~ı bundle of papers; 2) spire; 3) roll; roller, rouleau (pl. -eaus, -eaux). +oramal n. shawl, hand kerchief; qol~ handkerchief; pocket handkerchief. +oranıw v. wrap oneself up. +oraw v. 1) wind, reel; 2) pack up, wrap; wrap up; mınanı orańız wrap it up, please; turn off (krandı); screw (vint, gayka); 3) surround. +orbita n. astr., kos. orbit; jer ~sı earth orbit (yamasa geocentrlik ~); kún aylanasındaǵı ~ circum-lunar orbit; kometa ~sı comet orbit; tuyıq (jabıq) ~ closed orbit; planeta átirapındaǵı ~ circumplanetary orbit; ay hám jer átirapındaǵı ~ earth-moon orbit; ~ biyikligi orbital altitude; planetanıń ~sı planetary orbit; polyarlıq ~ polar orbit; ~lıq stanciya (baza) orbital base; ~uzınlıǵı orbit circumference; ~daǵa shıǵıw orbital injection; orbital INSERT INTOion; ~dan shıǵıw abort from orbit; ~ǵa shıǵarıw to put in orbit. +orbitalıq a. orbital. +organ n. 1. organ; sóylew ~ları organs of speech; awqattı sińiriw ~ları digestive organs; baspa sóz ~ları the daily organs of the press; kos. seziw ~ları special senses; 2. (mekeme hám komissiya haqqında) body, agency; húkimet ~ları government bodies; zań shıǵarıw ~ı legislative body; atqarıw ~ı agency; jergilikli ~lar local bodies; basqarıw ~ları directing bodies, leading bodies. +organizm n. organism. +organikalıq a. organic. +orda n. horde; altın ~ tar. The Golden Horde. +orden n. order, decoration; ~ alıw to be decorated with an order; Qızıl Juldız ~i Order of the Red Star; húrmet belgisi ~i the Badge of Honour. +ordenli a. order-bearer. +order n. warrant, order. +ordın n. awız. q. orden. +ordır n. awız. q. order. +original n., a. original. +orkestr n. orchestra, dance band; duxovoy ~ brass band. +orman n. wood forest. +ormanlıq n. forestry. +ornasıw v. 1) situate; reside; to be situated; 2) settle. +ornatıw v. put, place, arrange, mount (mashinanı); establish; baylanıs ~ to establish contact with. +orta a. 1) middle, midst; 2) average; ~ mektep secondary school, high school (amer.); ~ ásirler the middle Ages. +ortanshı a. middle. +ortasha a. average. +orfografiya a. orthography. +orfoepiya n. lingv. orthoepy. +orfoepiyalıq a. orthoepic. +orın n. 1) place, room; bir ~nan ekinshi ~ǵa from place to place; birinshi ~dı iyelew to take the first place; 2) seat (teatrda); ~ beriw to give up one's seat to smb.; 3) post, job; ornınan qozǵaltıw to dislocate, to move, remove; ornına instead of; in place of; oǵan mına yashik stul ornına jaraydı this chest serves him as a chair; siziń ornıńızda men bolǵanda if I were you; kos. belgilengen orın preselected; raketa dvigatelin sınaw ~ı rocket engine test stand. +orınbasar n. 1) assistant, deputy, vice-; ministr ~ı deputy minister; vice-chairman, successor. +orınlaw v. fulfill, carry out, finish accomplish (iske asırıw); wazıypanı ~ to do one's duty, to carry into effect; plandı múddetinen aldın ~ to complete (fulfill) the plan ahead of schedule. +orınsız a. out of place; unbased. +orıw v. 1) mow, scythe; 2) a.x. reap; cut, crop; <> ne ekseń, sonı orasań as you sow, you shall mow (as they sow, so let them reap). +orıs a. awız. Russian; ~ kisi Russian man; ~sha in Russian. +ot I n. fire; ~ta in flame; ~ jaǵıw to kindle; to burn; to set fire to; to light; to enflame.
II n. grass; ~ orıw to mow (the) grass. +otaq n. weeding. +otaqlı a. weedy; grassy. +otar n. summer cottage; country-house, bungalow; ~da jasaw (turıw) to live in the country. +otaw I v. weed.
II n. otaw; yourta (nomad's tent). +otkrıtka n. post-card. +otlaq n. 1) weedy; 2) lawn; pasture, pasturage, grassland. +otlaw v. graze (mal). +otpuska n. leave, holiday (xızmetkerlerdiki), vacation (amer.); ~da on (a) holiday; on leave. +otryad n. detachment. +otsek n. bay. +ot-shóp n. grass. +otız num. card, thirty. +otızday num. thirty; ~ qálem thirty pencils. +otızınshı num. ord. thirtieth. +otın n. firewood. +otın-potın n. q. otın. +otınshı n. woodcutter, firewood maker, firewood seller. +otırǵızıw v. 1) seat; 2) plant. +otırıspa n. party. +otırıw v. 1) sit, sit down; 2) (kiyim haqqında) fit, sit (on). +oficer n. officer. +oficiant n. waiter; ~ka waitress. +ochered n. turn; ~ penen (~ boyınsha) in turns; line, queue; ~te turıw to stand in a queue (line). +ocherk n. sketch, essay. +oshaǵan n. bot. marigold. +oshaq n. fire-place, hearth; ~ bası (ot bası) by the fireside. +oyaw a. awake; ~ bolıw to be awake; biz kinodan kelsek balalar ~ eken when we returned from the cinema the children were awake. +oyaz a. 1) poor; 2) hungry. +oyanıw I v. wake up, awake.
II n. 1. awakening; 2. a. ~dáwiri Renaissance. +oyatıw v. 1) wake; 2) inspire, breathe in (sezimdi oyatıw). +ógey ~ ata stepfather; ~ ana stepmother; ~ ul stepson; ~ qız stepdaughter. +ógiz n. ox (pl. oxen), bullock. +ójet a. obstinate, stubborn. +ójetlik n. obstinacy, stubbornness. +ójire n. room. +óz pron. refl. (my)self; ózim myself (1-bet birlik); ózlerimiz ourselves (1-bet kóplik); óziń yourself (2-bet birlik); ózlerińiz yourselves (2-bet kóplik); ózi himself, herself, itself (3-bet birlik); ózleri themselves (3-bet kóplik); óz-ózinen túsinikli it goes without saying. +óz-ara a. mutual, reciprocal; ~ járdem mutual aid; ~ járdem haqqında kelisiw mutual assistance; ~ baylanıs correlation. +ózbek n. Uzbek; ~ xalqı Uzbek people; ~ tili the Uzbek language. +ózbekshe adv. Uzbek; ~ sóylew to speak Uzbek. +ózge a. 1) strange; 2) other, another. +ózgergish a. changeable, unsteady. +ózgeris n. 1. change, alteration, modification; 2. reform. +ózgerissiz a. constant, permanent, invariable. +ózgeriw v. change. +ózgertiw v. exchange; replace, change. +ózgeshe adv. differently, in another way. +ózek n. root; stock (aǵashtiki). +ózi pron. refl. himself, herself. +ózinshe adv. self-willed, disobedient(ly); independently. +ózlesiw v. master, adopt. +ózlestiriw 1. n. progress; 2. mastering; tıń hám partaw jerlerdi ~ reclamation of virgin and unused lands; ózlestirip alıw adoption, borrowing. +óytkeni adv. conj. because, that is why; for. +ókiniw v. regret; be sorry (that); repent (of); be remorseful (of); regret; <> ótken iske ókinbe (Naqıl) it is no use crying over spilt milk. +ókinish n. regret, pity, annoyance, disappointment. +ókinishli a. annoying, disappointing. +ókiriw v. 1) bellow, howl (haywan haqqında); 2) howl (jılaw); ókirip jılıw to sob. +ókpe I n. anat. lung.
II n. offence, reproach, insult, outrage; ~ etiw, ~ qılıw to insult, to outrage, to offend. +ókpelew v. 1) take offence; be offended, feel hurt; 2) reproach (with), insult, offend. +óksip ~ jılaw to cry bitterly, to cry one's heart out; to sob. +óksiw n. weeping; crying; sobbing. +ókshe n. heel; (tabannan) ~den burılıp ketiw to turn upon one's heel. +ólik 1. n. 1) corpse; 2) the dead; 2. a. dead; <> ~tey as a dead, in a dead faint. +ólim n. 1. death; ~ jazası death sentence; 2. decease; waqıtsız ~ untimely death (decease). +óliw v. die, pass away. +ólmeytuǵın a. permanent. +óltiriw v. kill; murder. +ólshegish n. gauge. +ólshem n. measure; ~di alıw to take smb's measure; action; dimension. +ólshew I v. 1) measure; 2) try on (kiyimdi); 3) take the gauge.
II n. measuring. +ólshewsiz a. infinite, unlimited, unbounded, exorbitant, excessive. +ómir n. life. +ómirinshe adv. forever. +ómirlik a. vital. +óndiris n. 1. production; manufacture; mashina ~i production of machines; ayaq-kiyim ~i manufacture of shoes; ~ quralları means of production; xojalıq zatlarınıń ~i production of consumer goods; ~tiń toqtawı cost of production sg.; ~ qatnasları relations of production; ~ processi process of production; ~tiń usılı mode of production; kos. aviaciya-kosmoslıq ~ aerospace industry; 2. a. ~lik industrial; ~ plan production; ~ qatnasıq relations of production; oqıwshılardıń ~ praktikası practical training for students; ~ úyretiw industrial training; ~ kvalifikaciya professional skill; ~ staj industrial experience (yamasa record); ~ jıylanıs production meeting; conference on production; ~ tapsırma output programme. +óner n. skill; trade; profession; handicraft; mastership; mastery; workmanship; <>ómir qısqa, ~ uzaq (Maqal) art is long, life is short. +ónerli a. skillful, experienced, skilled; <> ~ qol órge shabar he works best who knows his trade. +ónerment a. artisan, handicraftsman. +ónerpaz n. master. +ónersiz a. unskillful. +ónim n. 1) product; foodstuffs, provision; 2) production, output; sharwashılıq ~i animal products; 3) crop, harvest. +ónimdar a. fertile, abundant. +ónimdarlıq n. 1) fertility; 2) productivity; efficiency; miynet ónimdarlıǵı n. labour productivity; 3) abundance, fertility. +ónimli a. fruitful, productive; fertile. +ónimsizlik n. bad harvest. +óń n. face. +óńkiw v. kick. +órbiw v. get (become) impregnate. +órdek n. duck. +óre n. trunk; pill; ~de on piles. +óriliw v. interlace (shashtı). +órim n. 1) harvest; 2) mowing, haymaking; 3) curl. +óriw v. plait, interweave (interwove; interwoven). +órmelew v. creep, crawl; mount. +órnek n. example, model, instance; ~ bolıw to be an example; initiative; ~ kórsetiw to show initiative. +ósek 1. n. slander, libel, aspersion; calumny; ~ qılıw to slander, to calumniate; to asperse; to smear; ~ sóz taratıw to tittle-tattle; birewdiń ústinen ~ etiw to cast aspersions on smb.; 2. a. slanderous, calumnious, defamatory; ~ sóz tittle-tattle. +ósekshi n. slanderer, calumniator. +ósimlik n. plant, vegetation, verdure; grass; shıpalı (em) ~ler medicinal (herbs); bir jıllıq ~ annual; kóp jıllıq ~ perennial; texnikalıq ~ler technical crops. +ósiriw v. 1) raise; 2) bring up; 3) grow; 4) develop. +ósiw v. grow up, develop. +óspirim n. juvenile, youth, young-girl (qız); young growth; branch. +óspirimlik n. youthfulness. +ót n. med. gall; ~ qaltası gallbladder; bile; bilious. +óte adv. too, very. +ótinish n. request; address; appeal, implore; ~, shawqım salmańızlar! silence, please!; ~ etiw to ask, to demand (talap etiw); to address (to). +ótiniw v. implore, beseech (besought); ask, beg, entreat. +ótirik n. 1. untruth, lie, falsehood; ~ sóylew to tell a lie, to tell lies; 2. a. fiction; <> ~ sózdiń órisi tar (Maqal) lies have short legs. +ótirikshi n. liar, fibster, fibber. +ótiw v. 1) pass (by, through), go by past; 2) cross, step over; 3) leave behind, pass; 4) fly. +ótken n. the past; ~ jazda last summer; ~ máhál gram. past tense. +ótkeriw v. 1) let, pass; 2) miss; 3) omit (itibardan shette qaldırıw). +ótkeriwshi n. fiz. conductor. +ótkir a. 1) sharp; acute, keen; smart; 2) ~ sóz glib speech, glib words (pl.); tili ~ glib tongue; gápti ~ aytıw to speak glib; sorawǵa ~ juwap beriw to answer questions smartly; ~ etiw v. to sharpen, to grind (ground), turn; almastay ~ ground to a knife edge. +ótkirleniw v. sharpen. +ótlesiw I v. become complicated.
II n. complication; awırıwdıń ~i after-effect of the illness; onıń awırıwı ~ip ketti the patient has complications after his illness, the patient is suffering from the after-effects of his illness. +ótpes a. 1) blunt; 2) unmarketable; 3) dull, stupid (zeyin). +ótpesleniw v. grow blunt. +ósh n. vengeance, revenge; ~ alıw to revenge; avenge; to give smb. his revenge; to take (one's) revenge on (upon) smb. +óshirgish n. (indian) rubber. +óshiriw v. 1) switch (off); shıranı ~ switch off the light; 2) cross (yamasa strike) out; 3) rub, polish, grate; cross out, cross (off). +óshiriwshi ot ~ fireman; ot ~ komanda fire brigade. +óshiw v. go out; die away, grow dim. +pavilon n. pavilion. +pada n. herd, flock. +padashı n. herdsman, shepherd; ~ hayal shepherdess; cowboy (amer.). +pazna n. pitchfork. +payda n. 1) income, profit, gain, advantage, use; 2) well-fare; 3) return, receipts; 4) ~ bolıw a) to be built, to build; 6) to be organized, to be formed; to appear; ~ etiw (~ qılıw) to raise, to erect, to create, to make, to build, to form, to organize. +paydakúnem a. interested (in), concerned (with); ~ adam person concerned. +paydalanıw v. use, to take advantage profit. +paydalı a. useful; profitable, advantageous. +paydasız a. 1) useless, vain; 2) tex. idle, dummy; ~ júrgizip qoyıw idling. +paylaw v. 1. be on the watch (for); lie in wait (for); 2. wait (for); expect; 3. watch, guard. +paymana n. q. ájel. +payt n. time, moment, instant; keshki ~ evening. +payton n. phaeton. +payız n. charm, fascination. +payızlı a. charming, lovely, delightful. +piyshenbi n. Thursday. +paket n. package; parcel; packet. +paqal n. straw. +paqır q. kámbaǵal. +paqırlaw (chay) v. hiss. +pal I n. honey; ~day mazalı honey-sweet.
II n. fortune-telling; palmistry; chiromancy; cartomancy; ~ ashıw to tell fortunes; to tell smb.'s fortune; karta menen ~ ashıw to tell fortunes (one's fortune) by cards. +palapan n. (young) goldfinch (shımshıqtıń). +palata n. 1. chamber; 2. chamber house; ulıwma ~ House of Commons; Lordlar ~sı House of Lords; deputatlar ~sı Chamber of Deputies; İndiya Xalıq Palatası Indian House of the People; sawda ~sı Chamber of Commerce; Kitap ~sı Book Chamber; 3. ward (keselxanada); 4. palace (saray); mansion; 5. tar. chamber; qural-jaraqlar ~sı Armoury; Granovitli ~ (Kremlde) Hall of Facets. +palatka n. 1) tent; ~da ásk. under canvas; 2) stall, booth. +palaw n. pilau, pilaff. +paluba n. deck; joqarı ~ upper deck; páski ~ lower deck. +palwan n. athlete, wrestler. +palız n. a. field; qawın ~ı melon field; ~ eginleri vegetables; ~ eginlerimagazini green grocery. +pal-hárre n. bee; ~ uyası (yaması qutısı) bee-hive; ana ~ queen-bee; ~ hárreshi n. bee-master, apiarist; ~ hárreshilik n. bee-keeping, apiculture. +palma n. palm-tree. +palto n. (over) coat, top coat. +pamflet n. lampoon, pamphlet. +pana n. shelter. +panel n. 1. pavement, footway; 2. panel, wainscot; 3. kos. bay; oraylıq ~ center console. +panorama n. panorama. +panıs 1) n. lantern; lamp; light, lamp (parovozda, paroxodta, jaǵada); kósheniń ~ı street lamp; Qıtay ~ı Chinese lantern; elektr qol ~ı electric torch, (pocket) flash-light; (pocket) flash; 2) a. lantern (attr.), lamp (attr.); ~ stolbası lamppost. +papiros n. cigarette; ~ shegiw to smoke. +papirus n. bot. papyrus. +papka n. 1. paper-case (qaǵaz ~); 2. bag, brief case. +par n. steam. +para n. bribe; graft (amer.); ~ beriw to bribe, to give bribe. +paragraf n. paragraph, item. +parad n. parade; fizkultura ~ı sports parade. +paraz n. imagination. +parazit n. biol. parasite. +paralich n. paralysis (pl. -ses). +parallelopiped n. mat. parallelepiped. +parallel n. mat. parallel. +parametr n. mat. parameter; kos. orbitanıń ~leri orbital parameters. +parasat n. cleverness. +parasatlı a. clever. +paraxat n. peace; peacefulness. +paraxatshılıq n. peace; ~ súyiwshi xalıqlar peace loving peoples. +paraxor n. bribe-taker; grafter (amer.). +paraxorlıq n. bribery. +parashyut n. parachute; kos: járdemshi ~ pilot parachute; tormozlawshı ~ deceleration parachute; lentalı ~ ribbon parachute; artqı ~ tail parachute; zapas ~ reserve parachute; ~ penen sekiriw (~ tan sekiriw) parachute jump; parachute landing. +park n. 1) park; mádeniyat hám dem alıs ~i Park of Culture and Rest; ~ ushın aǵash tigiw to lay out a park; 2) fleet; stock; avtomobil ~i fleet of motor vehicles; motor pool; traktor(lar) ~i fleet of tractors; stanoklar ~i stock of machine-tools in operation; vagonlar ~i rolling stock; samolyot~i flying stock. +parket n. parquet; ~ pol parqueted floor; jayǵa ~ tósew to parquet a room. +parlament a. parliament; ~ aǵzası (parlamentariy) member of parliament. +parlamentarizm n. parliamentarism. +parlamentlik a. parliamentary; ~ dúzim parliamentary system. +parlaw v. bright, shine. +parnik n. hotbed, seed-bed; hot house; ~ ósimlikleri hot house plants. +parovoz n. engine, steam-engine, railway engine; locomotive; ~ deposı engine shed. +parol n. password, watchword. +parom n. ferry (boat); raft; ~ menen ótkeriw to ferry; ~ menen ótiw to ferry. +paroxod n. steamer, steamboat, steamship; okean ~ı ocean-liner; passajir ~ passenger (liner) ship; meshewdegi ~ steam tug. +pars n. Persian. +parssha adv. Persian. +parta n. desk (at school); bir ~da otırıw to share the same desk (with). +partaw 1. n. geol. deposit; unused lands; 2. a. ~ jer long-fallow (disused) lands; tın hám ~ jerlerdi ózlestiriw reclamation of virgin and unused lands. +partbilet n. party card. +partbyuro n. party bureau. +partvznos n. party dues. +parter n. teatr. stalls, pit. +partizan n. 1. partisan; guer(r)illa; qızıl~ Red partisan; 2. a. ~ otryadı partisan (guer(r)illa) detachment; ~ urısı partisan (guer(r)illa) warfare. +partiya I n. siyas. party; ~ aǵzası member of the party; party member; ~ tapsırması party assignment.
II 1) detachment; party; 2) batch, lot (movar haqqında); 3) game, set (oyında). +partiyalıq a. iske ~ qatnas true communist attitude to one's work. +partkabinet n. Party educational centre. +partkom (partiya komiteti) n. Party Committee. +partkonferenciya n. Party Conference. +partlaw v. explode; burst; be blown up. +partlawshı n. explosive; ~ zat explosive. +partorg n. party organizer. +partorganizaciya n. Party organization. +partsezd n. Party Congress. +partshkola n. Party school. +parız n. rel. duty. +parıq n. difference; distinction. +parıqlaw v. differ, distinguish. +pasıl n. season, period; báhár paslında in spring. +paspanda a. q. patas. +paspandalıq n. q. pataslıq. +pasport n. 1. passport; 2. a. ~ stol passport office; ~ sisteması a. passport system. +passajir n. 1. passenger; 2. a. ~ler zalı waiting-room; ~ler poezdı passenger train; ~ háreketi passenger (service) traffic. +passat n. geogr. trade-wind. +passiv n. passive. +pasta n. paste; tooth paste. +patas a. 1) dirty, muddy; ~ is (jumıs) untidy work; ~ bolıw to get dirty; 2) filthy; ~ qol jazba bad hand. +pataslıq n. filth. +patefon n. gramophone; ~nıń iynesi gramophone needle. +patriarxal a. tar. patriarchal. +patriot n. 1) patriot; 2) supporter, enthusiast. +patriotizm n. patriotism. +patriotlıq a. patriotic. +patsha n. 1) king; 2) czar; tsar; ~nıń hayalı czarina, tsarina. +patshashılıq n. 1) kingdom; realm; ~ etiw to reign; 2) reign; Petr Birinshi ~ dáwirinde in (during) the reign of Peter the First. +patırat n. scandal, raw. +paxta n. cotton; qam ~ cotton wool; ~ iyiriw cotton spinning; ~ tazalaw zavodı cotton cleaning plant; ~ egiw cotton-growing; ~ teriw mashinası cotton-picking machine; ~ terimshi cotton-picker. +paxtakesh n. q. paxtashı. +paxtashı n. cotton-grower. +paxtashılıq n. cotton-growing. +pash n. exposure, unmasking; ~ etiw to expose, to unmask. +paya n. bot. stalk; stem. +pákene a. short, stout. +pálek n. q. aspan. +páleket n. misfortune, trouble; ~ke ushıraw to set into trouble. +pám n. quick wit, ingenuity. +pámlew v. guess, understand. +pámli a. quick-witted, bright. +pán n. science. +pánje n. finger, hand. +pánjelew v. snatch, seize, catch hold (of), grasp, grab. +pánjire n. fence, trellis. +pár n. feather; (atıp qustıń) ~in túsiriw to feather. +párenje n. yashmak; ~sin taslaw to take off the yashmak; to become emancipated. +párman n. order, command. +párawa a. abundant. +párwaz n. flight. +párshe I n. piece, slice; bir ~ nan a slice of bread.
II n. passage, extract. +pás 1. n. down; 2. a. low. +páseyiw n. fall, lowering; drop; reduction; basımnıń ~i drop in pressure; suwdıń ~i sinking (abatement) of the water-level; miynet haqınıń ~i wage-cut. +páseńletiw I v. lower, reduce; dawıstı ~ to lower (to drop) one's voice.
II n. kos. deceleration. +páseńlew v. fall down, go down, sink. +pát n. 1) lingv. stress; ~ qoyıw to stress; 2) (iste) rate, pace, tempo. +pátik n. ceiling. +pátli n. stressed, stress-able. +pátpelek n. kite; vulture. +pátsiz a. unstressed. +páshek n. bot. bind, weed. +pedagog n. teacher; pedagogue. +pedagogika n. pedagogy. +pedagogikalıq a. pedagogical; ~ institut Pedagogical Institute; Teachers' Training Institute; ~ uchilishe pedagogical school; ~ praktika teaching practice. +pedal n. pedal; tex. treadle; tormoz ~ı brake-pedal; ~dı basıw to pedal. +pedant n. pedant, prig. +peyil n. disposition, character; spirit. +pensiya n. pension; jeke ~ special pension; invalidlik ~ disability pension; ǵarrılıq ~ old-age pension; miynet ~sı service pension; ~ alıp júriw to be on (a) pension; ~ belgilew to grant a pension (to); to pension; ~ǵa shıǵıw to retire on (a) pension; to be pensioned off. +perde n. 1) curtain, blind; 2) shutter; screen; ~ tutıw to curtain off; <> bet ~sin ashıp taslaw to throw off one's disguise. +perdeleniw n. disguise. +perdelew v. to curtain off; to cover. +perzen n. child, offspring; <> barlıq úrim-putaǵı menen (barlıq úy-ishi menen) with all one's goods and chattels. +peri n. mif. fairy. +perron n. platform. +perpendikulyar n. mat. perpendicular. +pero n. pen. +pesin n. afternoon. +pechat n. seal, stamp; húkúmetlik ~ (great) State seal; ~ qoyıw to stamp; to set (to affix, to attach) a seal (to); ~ qoyıp belgilew to hall-mark (with); ~qa iye bolıw to have the seal (of); to bear the stamp (off). +pech n. stove, oven; heater; temir ~ iron stove; elektrik ~ electric stove; ~ ustası stove-setter. +pianino n. piano; ~ shertiw to play the piano. +pivo n. beer. +pidjak n. jacket, coat. +pijama n. pajamas. +pikir n. idea, thought; ~ge iye bolıw to have an idea; <> tiykarǵı (negizgi) pikir corner-stone, key-stone, foundation-stone. +pikirles a. unanimous. +pikirleslik n. unanimity. +pikirlew v. to think. +pikirli a. thinking, thoughtful; quick-witted. +pil n. elephant. +pilik n. wick. +pillapaya n. awız. stairs, stair-case. +pille n. cocoon; ~ qurtı silk-worm. +pilot n. pilot. +pilte n. 1) slow-match; 2) wick. +pilyulya n. pill; bolus (úlken), globule (kishkene); pilule. +pingvin n. zool. pengui +pinhámı a. ironical; ~gáp aytıw (sóylew) to speak ironically. +pinch-effekt n. kos. pinch effect. +pioner n. 1. pioneer; ~ bolıw to be a pioneer; 2. a. ~ vojatıy (young) pioneer leader; ~ otryadı (young) pioneer detachment; ~ lageri (young) pioneer camp; ~ler shólkemi (young) pioneer organization; ~ler zvenosı (young) pioneer section; ~ler drujinası (young) pioneer group; ~ler sarayı (young) Pioneer Palace. +pipetka n. pipette; medicine dropper. +piramida n. pyramid. +pirat n. pirate. +pirog n. pie; almalı ~ apple pie. +pisiriw v. 1) cook; boil, make; palız egininlerin ~ to boil vegetables; sháwle, sup ~ to cook, to make porridge, soup; túslik ~ to cook (to make) (the) dinner; pivo ~ to brew beer; 2) (asqazan haqqında) digest. +pisiw v. 1. ripe (miywe); 2. bake; 3. fry; 4. be boiling. +piste n. 1. (miywesi) pistachio; 2. a. ~ aǵashı pistachio-tree; ~ reńi pistachio-colored. +pistolet n. pistol; avtomat-~ automatic pistol; ~ pulemyot submachine-gun. +pite n. 1. bud, cotton bud; 2. embryo, germ. +pitim n. agreement; ~ dúziw to enter into an agreement (with); ~ge keliw 1) to come to an agreement; to agree; 2) to adjoin. +pitiriw v. 1) end, finish, put an end; mektepti ~ to finish school; joqarı oqıw ornın ~ to graduate; jumıstı ~ to be through with one's work; 2) abolish; artta qalıwshılıqtı ~ (saplastırıw) to overcome (put an end to) backwardness. +pitpes a. (~ tawsılmas) 1) endless, interminable, never-ending; 2) inexhaustible. +pishen n. hay; ~ orıw hám keptiriw to make hay. +pishim n. figure; onıń ~i jaqsı she has a fine figure, she has a well-developed figure. +pishiw I v. cut, cut out; <> boyıńa qarap ton pish (Maqal) cut your coat according to your cloth.
II n. cutting-out; ~ hám tigiw kursı dress-making courses. +pishiwshi n. cutter. +pishtirilgen a. a.x. castrated, emasculated; gelded. +pishtiriw I v. a.x. castrate, emasculate; geld.
II n. a.x. castration, emasculation; gelding. +piyada I. n. passer by; 2. adv. pred. a. on foot; afoot; ~ júriw to walk; to go on foot; ~ sayaxat hike; ~ sayaxat jasaw to hike. +piyaz n. onion. +plazma n. biol. plasma. +plakat n. placard, poster. +plan n. plan; bes jıllıq ~ five year plan; sabaq ~ı curriculum; project. +planeta n. planet, luminary; ~lar dáwiri epoch of a planet. +planetalıq a. planetary. +planlastırıw v. plan; project. +platina n. platinum. +plantaciya n. plantation. +plastinka n. plate; (gramofon) (gramophone) record; fotografiya ~sı (photographic) plate; sesti jazıw ushın ~ recording disk. +plastmassa n. plastic. +plastır n. plaster; ~ qoyıw to plaster. +platforma n. 1) platform; 2) truck; flat-car (amer.). +plackarta n. 1. reserved, seat-ticket; berth; 2. a. ~lı vagon car with reserved (numbered) seats; ~lı bilet (orın) reserved seat; ~ǵa alıw (bilet) to book a reserved seat. +plash n. 1) cloak; 2) rain-coat; mackintosh, waterproof (coat). +plen n. captivity; ~de bolıw to be in captivity; ~de uslaw to hold smb. captive; ~ge túsiw to be taken prisoner; ~ge alıw to take smb. prisoner. +plyonka n. film; tape (magnit); ~ǵa jazıw 1) to make a (sound-)recording (of), to record; 2) tape-recording. +plenum n. plenum; plenary session. +plita n. 1) plate, slab; flag; flagstone (joldiki); qábirdiń ~sı gravestone, tombstone; beton ~ concrete slab; 2) (kitchen-) range (asxana ushın); gaz ~sı gas stove. +plitka n. 1) tile, thin slab; 2) bar, brick; solid water-colors (boyaw); 3) (cooking-) range; elektr ~sı electric stove. +plomba n. 1) tistiń ~sı stopping; filling (amer.); tiske ~ qoydırıw to stop a forith, to fill a tooth; 2) seal, stamp (qapıǵa) +plombir n. ice-cream. +plotina n. weir, dam; dike, dyke. +plug n. plough; traktor ~i tractor (-drawn) plough; eki paznalı (úsh paznalı) ~ two-share (three-share) plough. +plyus n. mat. 1) plus; 2) awız. advantage (artıqmashlıq). +pnevmoniya n. (ókpeden suwıq tiyiw) pneumonia. +povestka n. 1) notice, summons; 2) (májiliste) agenda. +povest n. story, narrative, tale. +pogon n. shoulder strap; shoulder piece. +podnos n. tray. +podpolkovnik n. lieutenant-colonel. +poezd n. train; skorıy ~ fast train; kurer ~ express. +poyız n. awız. q. poezd. +pol n. floor. +polat n. steel. +polemika n. polemics. +poligon ásk. firing ground (range); ordnance yard; sınaw ótkeriletúǵın~ proving ground; úyretiw ~ı training ground; kos. AQShtıń Atlantikadaǵı raketalıq ~ı Atlantic Missile Range; AQShtıń Tınısh okeandaǵı raketalıq ~ı Pacific Missile Range. +poligrafiya n. polygraphy. +poliklinika n. outpatients clinic. +politbyuro n. Political Bureau. +politexnizaciya n. polytechnization. +politexnika n. polytechnic. +politexnikum n. polytechnic school. +polk n. regiment. +polka n. shelf; kitap ~sı bookshelf. +polkovnik n. colonel. +polyus n. geogr. Pole; Arqa ~ North Pole; dúnya ~i astr. elevated pole, celestial pole. +polyak n. 1. Pole; 2. a. ~ tili the Polish language. +pomada n. pomade; erin ~ lipstick. +pomidor n. bot. tomato. +por n. chalk. +poroshok n. 1. powder; tis ~gi tooth powder; 2. a. ~ qutısı powder case. +porsıǵan n. 1. rottenness; 2. a. rotten, bad; ~ máyek bad (rotten) egg; ~ balıq bad (rotten) fish; ~gósh tainted meat. +porsıq n. badger. +porsıw v. go out, die out, be out. +port n. port, harbor. +portret n. portrait; picture. +portfel n. bag, briefcase, portfolio. +posa n. kiss; ~ alıw to kiss. +post n. post; ~da at one's post. +posılka n. parcel; ~ jiberiw to post a parcel. +postın n. sheep-skin coat; <> biytke ókpelep postınıńdı otqa salma (Naqıl) burn not your house to rid it of the mouse. +posh int. look out!, take care! +pochta n. 1) post; 2) mail (amer.). +pochtalon n. postman. +poema n. poem. +pópek n. crest (tawıqta); topknot of hair (adamda). +pópekli a. crested (tawıq haqqında) tufted (adam haqqında). +pravo n. right; hár bir kisiniń oqıwǵa, jumıs islewge hám dem alıwǵa ~sı bar Everybody has the right to study, to work and to rest. +praktika n. practice; oqıw-tárbiya ~sı educational practice; tıńlap uǵıw ~sı listening practice; tıńlaw hám sóylew ~sı listening-and-speaking practice; passiv ped~ observation practice; mektep ~sı school practice; awızsha sóylew ~sı speaking practice; speed-up practice; conversation practice; oqıtıw ~sı teaching practice; jazıw ~sı written (writing) practice. +praktikalıq a. practical; ~ is practical work; ~ aktivlik practical activity; ~ kónligiw practical training; lekciya hám ~ sabaqlardıń raspisaniesi the timetable of lectures and classes. +predsedatel n. chairman. +prezident n. president. +prezidium n. presidium. +predmet n. subject; ~ boyınsha is plan scheme of study. +primus n. primus, stove. +princip n. principle. +problema n. q. másele. +provodnik n. 1) conductor, guide; 2) fiz. conductor. +programma n. program (-me); teatr ~sı playbill; televizion ~sı TV schedule; oqıwshılarǵa ~ usınıw to lay a program before a student; soraw-juwap túrindegi ~ active-response program; qosımsha~ adjunct program; áskeriy qániygelilikke oqıtıw ~sı Army Special Training program (ASTP); mashina járdeminde úyretiw (oqıtıw) ~sı automated program; úzliksiz oqıtıw ~sı continuous program; basqarıw (tártiplew) ~sı control program; kórsetpeli oqıw ~sı graphic program; óndiristen qol úzbey oqıytuǵın kurs ~sı in-service program; tiykarǵı sabaqlar ~sı major field program; eksperiment ~sı pilot program; óndirislik praktikasınıń ~sı production program; oqıw materialın yadlawdı kózde tutqan ~ rote(-type) program; sınaw ~sı sample program; magnitofon lentasında jazıp úyreniw ~sı taped program; pedagogika bilimin keńeytiw ~sı Teacher Development program (GDRda, AQShta). +progress n. q. rawajlanıw. +progressiv n. q. ılǵar. +progul n. truancy, shirking, loafing, shirk-work. +proekt n. project; ~ dúziw to project. +projektor n. searchlight. +proza n. prose. +prokat n. hire; ~qa alıw to hire. +prokuror n. public prosecutor; General Prokuror General Prosecutor. +proletar a. proletarian; ~ revolyuciyası proletarian revolution. +proletariat n. 1. proletariat(e); 2. a. ~ diktaturası dictatorship of the proletariat(e). +prospekt a. avenue, alley. +prostınya n. sheet. +protez n. prosthesis; artificial limb; tis ~i denture, artificial tooth. +protokol n. minutes, record (of proceedings); transactions; (parlamentde) protocol; ~ jazıw to record the minutes; to take the minutes. +professor n. professor. +profilaktika n. med. prophylaxis. +profil n. profile, side view. +profsoyuz n. trade union. +procent n. percentage; per cent. +process n. process; úzliksiz ~ continuous process; basqarıw ~i control process; basqarıwshı ~ controlled process; juwmaqqa keliw ~i decision-making process; oqıw-tárbiya ~i educational process; oqıw ~i instruction process; ortalıq ~ intermediate process; úyreniw ~ learning process; kóp etaplı ~ multistage process; tosınnan bolatuǵın ~ random process; oqıtıw ~i teaching process; oqıtıw-úyreniw ~i teaching-learning process; oylanıw ~i process of thinking. +prujina n. spring. +psixiatr n. mad doctor, psychiatrist. +psixiatriya n. med. psychiatry. +psixika n. psychics. +psixolog n. psychologist. +psixologiya n. psychology. +psixologiyalıq n. psychological. +pul n. money; qaǵaz ~ paper money; waqıt-pul degensóz time is money; ~ jıyıw to make money; ~ qaltası money-bags. +pulemyot n. machine-gun. +pullı a. money; pecuniary. +pult n. desk, stand; kos. basqarıwshı ~ console, tex. control panel; júrgiziwshi ~ firing console. +punkt n. point; medicina ~i dispensary. +punktuaciya n. gram. punctuation. +pursat n. 1) time, moment; 2) opportunity, occasion, chance. +puta n. bush, shrub. +putaq n. branch, bough; ~lı branchy. +putaqlaw v. branch out, ramify. +putaw v. trim, prune. +puw n. steam, exhalation (dem shıǵıwda). +puwlanıw 1. v. steam; 2. n. exhalation. +puxta a. firm, stable; solid, durable. +push a. empty, hollow, vacant. +pushıq n. 1. snub-nosed; 2. a. ~ murın turned-up nose. +pútkil adv. all, whole, all over; ~ sháhár a whole city; ~ kún all day long. +pútkilley I a. absolute; complete.
II adv. 1) full(y), completely, utterly, quite; ol ~ ilimge berilip ketti he entirely devoted himself to science; wholly, (as a) whole; 2) completely. +pútin a. 1. entire, unbroken; 2. safe. +pıǵal n. disposition, character. +pısqıǵan a. bul ~ orın the place is full of fumes (smoke). +pısqıtıw v. smoke; pısqıǵan (iyis) tútin fumes pl.; smoke; <> ol pısqıp atır he is dazed (bemused), he looks as if he has been drugged. +pıtıra n. small shot. +pıshaq n. knife (pl. knives); qazan ~ table-knife; <> altın pıshaq qın túbinde shirimes keep a thing seven years and you'll find a use of it. +pıshaqlaw v. knife. +pıshqı n. saw; qol ~ hand-saw. +pıshqılaw v. saw (up). +pıshqıshı n. hand-sawer, wood-cutter. +pıshıq n. cat; ~tıń balası kitten. +pesa n. teatr. play, drama. +rabochiy 1.n. worker; 2. a. working, workers'; ~lar háreketi labor movement; ~ kúshi man power, labor power. +radiator n. tex. radiator. +radiaciya n. radiation. +radiy n. xim. radium. +radio n. radio, wireless; ~ arqalı esittiriw to broadcast. +radioaktivlik n. radioactivity. +radioapparat n. radio set. +radiobiologiya n. radio-biology. +radiogorizont n. radio horizon. +radiogramma n. radiogram. +radiozond n. radio-sonde. +radioinformaciya n. radio information. +radiokommentator n. radio commentator. +radiokoncert n. radio concert. +radiola n. radio-gramophone. +radiolokator n. radio-locator. +radiolokaciya n. radio-location. +radiomayak n. radio beacon. +radiometr n. radiometer. +radionur n. radio beam. +radioperedatchik n. wireless (radio) transmitter. +radiopostanovka n. radio show. +radiopribor n. (wireless) radio set. +radiopriyomnik n. (wireless, radio) receiver, radio receiving set. +radiosignal n. wireless signal. +radiostanciya n. (wireless) radio station. +radiotelegraf n. radiotelegraph. +radioteleskop n. radio telescope. +radiotelefon n. radio-telephone; ~ sisteması radio-telephone system. +radiotexnik n. radio mechanic. +radiotexnika n. radio art. +radiotolqın n. radio-wave; atmosfera keńisliginiń ~ı atmospheric radio wave; kosmoslıq ~lar cosmic radio waves. +radiouzel n. broadcasting centre. +radioximiya n. radiochemistry. +radioshı n. radio (wireless) operator. +radist n. wireless operator, radio operator, radioman. +radius n. radius; orbita ~ı orbital radius; jerdiń ortasha~ı semidiameter of the earth. +raduga n. rainbow. +razvedka n. 1) intelligence service; secret service; 2) reconnaissance; geolog. prospect, prospecting. +razvedkashı n. 1) intelligence officer; 2) scout. +razryad I n. category, rank; sort; sport. class; birinshi ~lı a first-rate, first class; birinshi ~lı sportshı a first class sportsman.
II n. fiz. discharge. +razı a. pleased, satisfied, content (with). +ray ~ın qaytarıw to dissuade (from). +raykom n. (rayonlıq komitet) district party committee. +rayon n. 1) district, region; 2) (jay, okrug) area, vicinity, locality; 3) kos. (qondırıwǵa) aldın belgilenip qoyılǵan ~preprogrammed stand. +raysovet n. The District Soviet of Working People's Deputies. +raketa n. rocket; ~ atıw to launch (let off) a rocket; kos. kosmoslıq ~ space rocket, space probe, space missile; cosmic rocket; extraterrestrial missile; ballistikalıq ~ ballistic rocket; basqarılatuǵın kosmoslıq guided cosmic rocket; bir-basqıshlı ~ single-stage rocket; eki-basqıshlı ~ two-stage rocket; geofizikalıq ~ geophysical rocket; sounding rocket; qanatlı ~ aerodynamic missile; izertlew ~sı exploratory rocket; aerostaptan ushırılıwshı ~ balloon-borne rocket; áskeriy ~ operational missile; tormızlawshı ~ decelerating rocket; fotografiya apparatı ornatılǵan ~ photographic rocket; keshki (gewgimde ushırılǵan) ~ dusk rocket; aydı aylanıp ushıwshı ~ circumlunar rocket; kóp basqıshlı ~ step rocket; kún tárepine ushırılǵan kosmoslıq ~ solar probe; ushıwǵa tayarlanǵan ~ readied missile, flight bird; ~ alıp ushıwshı (júriwshi) sputnik rocket, carrier rocket; carrier vehicle (transport); ~nı ushıwǵa tayarlaw arming; ~nıń keyingi bólimi after body. +ramka n. frame. +randa n. tex. plane. +reń n. 1.paint, dye (gezleme haqqında); 2. color. +reńli a. colored; ~ film colored film; ~ metallar nonferrous metals, raport n. report. +ras a. truthful, true. +rasa n. Race. +raspisanie n. 1.time-table, schedule (amer.) 2. table, list; lekciyahám praktikalıq sabaqlardıń ~si time-table of lectures and classes; imtixanlardıń ~sı examination scheme. +rawaj n. development, progress; ~ tabıw, ~ alıw to develop. +rawajlandırıw v. develop, rise above. +rawajlanıw n. development, progress. +rásim n. habit, custom, tradition. +rásmiy a. official. +ráswa a. q. shermende. +ráwan a. eloquent. +ráwish n. 1.manner, state; 2. gramm. adverb. +ráwshan a. bright, light, clear, luminous; ~ bolıw to clear-up. +raxmet n. gratitude, thank; ~ aytıw, ~ dew to thank; úlken raxmet! many thanks!; thank you very much!; thanks a million! +ráhát n. delight, enjoyment, amusement; ~leniw to take pleasure; to enjoy. +ráhátleniw v. enjoy (with). +ráhim n. pity; ~ qılıw, ~ etiw to pity, to be sorry (for). +ráhimli a. pitiful. +ráhimsiz a. pitiless, merciless, ruthless. +reaktiv a. tex. jet; ~ samolyot jet-plane. +reaktor n. reactor. +reakciya n. reaction. +real a. q. anıq. +reviziya n. inspection, revision. +revizor n. inspector. +revolyucion a. revolutionary. +revolyucioner n. revolutionary. +revolyuciya n. revolution. +revmatizm n. med. rheumatism. +registraciya n. registration. +registratura n. registry office. +reglament n. regulations, time limit. +redaktor n. 1) editor; bas ~ editor-in-chief; 2) writer, author. +redaktorlaw v.edit. +redaktorlıq a. editorial. +redakciya n. 1) editorial office (jayı); 2) editorial staff (xızmetkerleri). +rediska n. radish. +rejissyor n. producer. +rezerv n. reserve. +rezina n. rubber. +reyimsiz a. brutal. +reklama n. advertisement. +rekomendaciya n. recommendation, character. +rekonstrukciya n. reconstruction. +rekord n. record; ~ qoyıw to set a record. +rektor n. rector. +relef n. relief. +rels n. rail, rails, metals. +remont n. repair. +renjitiw v. disappoint. +renjiw I v. take offence, be offended, feel hurt.
II n. disappointment. +renta n. rent. +rentgen n. Roentgen, Rontgen, x-rays. +rentgenogramma n. roentgenogram. +rentgenolog n. radiologist, roentgenologist. +rentgenologiya n. roentgenology. +repertuar n. repertoire, repertory. +repeticiya n. rehearsal. +replika n. 1) teatr. cue; 2) remark. +reportaj n. reporting. +reportyor n. reporter. +reproduktor n. loud-speaker. +reprodukciya n. reproduction. +respublika n. republic; Qaraqalpaq avtonom ~sı The Karakalpak Autonomous Republic. +ressora n. spring (of vehicle). +restoran n. restaurant. +ret n. turn; ~penen in turns. +retlesiw v. alternate, take turns. +retlestiriw v. alternate (with). +retlew v. arrange, order. +recenziya n. review. +recept n. prescription, recipe; med. ~ jazıw to prescribe smth. +rifma n. rhyme. +rol n. role, part. +roman n. novel. +royal n. grand piano. +rubob n. rubob. +ruda n. ore. +rul n. 1) rudder, helm (kemede); 2) steering-wheel (avtomashina); 3) handle bar, steering bar (velosipedte); 4) kos. bac ~ fore plane; nose vane. +rumın n. Romanian; ~ tili the Romanian language. +rus n. 1.Russian (millet); 2. a. ~ tili The Russian language. +russha a. Russian; ~ sóylew to speak Russian. +rux n. spirit, courage. +ruxlandırıw v. inspire. +ruxlanıw n. be encouraged. +ruxsat n. permission; <> ~ soraw to ask permission; ~ beriw to permit, to allow. +ruchka n. pen; avto~ fountain pen. +ryumka n. wine-glass, liqueur-glass. +saat n. 1.watch (qol, qalta saat); clock (stol ústinde turatuǵın yamasa aspa saat); 2. hour (waqıt mánisinde); ~ altı it is six o'clock; ~ neshe boldı what time is it?; eki ~ ishinde during two hours; 3. a. ~ strelkası hour-hand; ~ ciferblatı the face of the clock. +sabaq n. lesson, class; occupation; radio arqalı júrgiziletuǵın ~ radio lesson, broadcast lesson; ashıq ~ open-criticism lesson, demonstration lesson; jazba (-dan) (orfografiyalıq) ~dictation lesson; kónlikpe ~ drill lesson; qol miyneti sabaǵı handwork lesson; kórsetpe qurallı ~ illustrated lesson; pictorial lesson; baslanǵısh sóylew sabaǵı elementary oral lesson; esitiw jolı menen túsiniw sabaǵı listening-and-understanding lesson; magnitofonǵa jazılgan ~ (tekst) master lesson; tanıs tekst tiykarındaǵı oqıw sabaǵı plateau reader lesson; dawıslap oqıw sabaǵı reading aloud lesson; túsinip oqıw sabaǵı reading with response lesson; raspisanie boyınsha ~ (raspisanie boyınsha ótiletuǵın ~) regulation lesson; qaytalaw sabaǵı revision lesson; (awız.) sóylew sabaǵı speech lesson; lentaǵa jazıw sabaǵı taped lesson; sınaq ~ test lesson; úlgili ~ model lesson. +sabaqlıq n. textbook. +saban n. cut. +sabaw v. lash; qamshılap ~ flagellation. +sabın n. soap; átir ~ toilet soap; kir ~ laundry soap. +sabır n. patience; ~ qılıw to stand, to bear, to have patience; <> ~ túbi sarı altın (Maqal) patience is the best remedy for every trouble. +sabırlı a. patient. +sabırsız a. impatient. +sabırsızlanıw v. be impatient, be anxious. +sabırsızlıq n. impatience. +saǵan q. sen. +saǵaq n. gill. +saǵlam n. healthy, strong; ~ bolıw to be in good health, to enjoy good health. +saǵınıw v. miss, be bored, be lonely; miss someone; to long for someone. +saǵınısh n. boredom, longing for smth., homesickness, nostalgia (watandı). +sada 1.a. naive, simple; ordinary; 2. n. simpleton, ninny, dunce. +sadaq n. bow; rainbow. +sadalıq n. naiveté, naivety. +sadıq a. faithful, true, loyal, devoted. +saz I n. 1) time, melody; 2) musical instrument.
II 1.a. good, splendid; júdá saz! it is very well!; 2. n. clean, pure, transparent. +sazan n. (European) carp. +sazende n. musician. +sazlaw v. string (sazdı); tune (in) (radionı). +say a. suitable, proper, appropriate; ~ keliw coordination; ~ emes 1) unsuitable; inappropriate; 2) worthless; unfit. +saylaw I v. 1)choose, pick out; 2) elect (dawıs beriw); vote; 2. n. 1) election; 2) choice.
II n. 1) election; ~ hám saylanıw huquqınan ayırıw to disfranchise; 2) choice. +saylawshı n. elector, voter. +sayraw v. sing. +sayız n. shallow, shoal. +saq 1.a. sensitive; keen; delicate, tactful; capable (for); ~ iyt quick-eared dog, sharp-eared dog; ~ bolıw to be capable (of); 2. adv. keenly, tactfully; ~ esitiw to listen keenly; ~ uyıqlaw to sleep light. +saqal n. beard; ~ alıw, ~ aldırıw to shave; to have one's beard cut. +saqallı a. (saqalı ósken) bearded. +saqalsız a. beardless. +saqaw n. mute, dumb. +saqlaw v. keep, save. +saqlıq n. sensitiveness; keenness; delicacy, tactfulness; <> ~ta qorlıq joq (Maqal) necessity is the mother of invention. +saqshı n. guard, watch man. +saqıy a. generous, openhanded. +sal n. ferry(-boat), raft. +salam q. sálem. +salamat a. safe, healthy; ~ bolıń (xoshlasqanda) good bye; keep well. +salamatlıq n. health; salamatlıǵıńız qalay? how are you? +salamlasıw v. greet. +salat n. salad. +saldamlı a. serious. +salqın a. cool, shady, shadowy. +salqınlaw v. have a rest in shade, lie in shade; to cool oneself. +salma n. 1) ditch; ~ tazalaw to ditch; 2) brooklet. +salmaq I weight; atom salmaǵı atomic weight; molekulyar ~ molecular weight; tiykarǵı ~ specific weight (gravity); salmaǵıeki kilogramm weighing two kilogrammes; salmaǵın azaytıw to lose weight; aqırǵı salmaǵı final weight; qurǵaqlay ~ empty weight; <> teńgege teń ~ worth its weight in gold.
II n. influence, authority, weight; úlken ~qa iye bolıw to be highly influential; to carry weight (pikir haqqında); kos. dáslepki ~ initial weight. +salmaqsız a. weightless. +salmaqsızlıq n. kos. free of gravity; null gravity; weightlessness; dinamikalıq ~ dynamic weightlessness; ~jaǵday (hal) weightless state. +saltanat n. triumphal. +saltanatlı a. 1) solemn, glorious, famous; luxurious, splendid; 2) ~ ótkeriw 1) to make a feast in honor; 2) feast in honor (of), celebration in honor (of); birewdiń jıllıǵın ~ ótkeriw to celebrate smb.'s anniversary; birewdiń qaytıp kelgenin ~ (ótkeriw) bayramlaw to celebrate smb's return. +salıstırǵanda adv. as regards, comparatively. +salım n. pinch; bir ~ duz pinch of salt. +salıstırma a. comparative; ~ dáreje comparative degree. +salıstırmalı a. comparative; gram. ~ shıray comparative degree. +salıstırıw I v. compare.
II n. comparison; salıstırǵanımızda in comparison; to make a comparison; ~dan (sınaqtan) ótiw to bear comparison with. +salıw v. 1) lay (down), put (down), place; 2) tósek ~ to make the bed; gilem ~ to spread a carpet; <> shawqım ~ to make noise; 3) strain, exert; barlıqkúshin ~ to strain a tendon, to strain oneself; to exert oneself. +salyut n. salute; ~ beriw to salute. +salfetka n. tussue, napkin . +samal n. wind; ~ esiw to blow. +samawrın q. samovar. +samovar n. tea-urn, samovar. +samolyot n. (air)plane; kos. hawa-kosmoslıq ~ aerospace plane. +samsam n. blackguard, fool, scoundrel, bastard. +san I n. 1) number; quantity; Nusselta ~ı Nusselt number; 2) gram. numeral, cardinal.
II a. anat. thigh, hip. +sanaat n. industry; jeńil ~ light industry; awır ~ heavy industry. +sanaatlastırıw I v. industrialize.
II n. industrialization. +sanaatlı a. industrial. +sanaq n. account, calculation. +sanatoriy n. sanatorium. +sanaw v. count; <> sanamay segiz deme (Naqıl) never fry a fish till it's caught. +sandal n. sandal, heating stove (in Central Asia). +sandıq n. trunk, chest, box. +sandıraq a. n. nonsense, rubbish; trifle. +sanitar n. junior-nurse; hospital attendant; ásk. medical orderly, corpsman. +sanitariya n. sanitation. +sanitarka n. nurse. +sanitariyalı a. sanitary; medical. +sankciya n. sanction. +sanskrit n. Sanskrit. +santimetr n. centimetre. +sańlaq n. chink (a narrow opening); ~tan qaraw to look through a chink. +sańlaqlı a. chinky, full of chinks. +sańraw 1.a. deaf, dumb; 2. ~ adam deaf mute. +sap I n. handle, grip; pıshaqtıń sabı haft; baltanıń sabı helve.
II rank, line, row; ~ tartıp júriw to match. +sapa n. quality; joqarı ~lı of good quality; óziniń ~sın kórsetiw to give a taste of one's quality. +sapar I n. journey, trip, travel, voyage (tengizde); ~ etiw, ~ qılıw to travel.
II bul ~ this time; endigi ~ another time; next time. +sapyor n. ásk. field engineer; pioneer. +saray n. 1) shed; barn; 2) camp. +sarǵayıw v. turn yellow, show yellow. +sarǵısh a. yellowish, sallow; ~ shashlı blond; fair. +sarqum n. cup. +sarp n. expenditure, expenses; ~ etiw to spend; to waste. +sarpay n. present, gift; ~ beriw to make a present; ~ alıw to receive as a present (gift). +sarpaylaw v. make a present. +sarplaw v. spend, waste (biykarǵa waqıt sarplaw). +sarras adv. just, sharp. +sarsan a. wandering, stray; ~bolıw to bustle about. +sarsanshılıq n. trouble, bustle, fuss; ordeal. +sarı 1. a. yellow; ~ uwız yolk; 2. n. med. (yellow) jaundice. +sarımay n. boiled butter. +sarımsaq n. garlic. +sasıǵan a. musty, mouldy; close (hawa haqqında). +sasıq 1.n. rottenness; 2. a. rotten, bad; ~ máyek addle (bad, rotten) egg; ~ balıq bad (rotten) fish ~ gósh tainted meat; ~ iyis musty smell, +sasıw I v. stink, spoil.
II v. go out, die out, be out. +satin n. tekst. Sateen. +satira n. satire, humor. +satiralıq a. satirical. +satirik 1.n. satirist; 2. a. satirical. +saturn n. astr. Saturn; ~ planetası ringed planet; ~ dóńgelegi rings of Saturn. +satılıwshı n. betrayer. +satıw v. sell. +satıwshı n. seller, salesman. +saw n. healthy. +sawal n. question; ~ beriw to ask a question. +sawalıw v. recover, get better. +sawat n. 1) literacy; grammatical correctness; competence; skillfulness; siyasiy~ political literacy; 2) reading and writing; ~ ashıw to learn, to read, and to write; oqıwǵa, jazıwǵa hám esapqa ~ ashıw to learn reading, writing and arithmetic, to learn the three R's. +sawatlı 1.a. 1) literate; scholarly; grammatical; competent; 2. n. literate. +sawatsız a. illiterate; ~ bolıw to be illiterate. +sawatsızlıq n. illiteracy. +sawash n. 1) fight, battle; 2) wrestling; kos. kosmoslıq keńisliktegi ~ space battle; hawa-kosmoslıq ~ aerospace battle; aerospace combat. +sawǵa n. gift, present; ~ etiw to present. +sawda n. 1) trade, commerce; 2) shopping, buying purchase; ~ etiw to buy, to purchase. +sawdager n. 1) tradesman, merchant, dealer; 2) market man, market woman (alıp satar); mayda (jeke) ~ petty private trade; private craftsman. +sawlat n. 1) glory; fame; 2) honor. +sawlatlı a. 1) honorable; 2) reliable. +sawlıq I n. healthiness; good, health; ~tı joǵaltıw (buzıw) to distemper; ~tostı toast (for one's health); <> den-~ tereń baylıq (sawlıǵıń - baylıǵıń) (Maqal) the first wealth is health.
II n. sheep, ewe. +sawsaq n finger. +sawın a. ~ sıyır milk cow. +sawısqan n. magpie. +sawıw v. milk. +sawıwshı n. milkmaid. +saxna n. stage, scene. +saxnalastırıw v. stage. +sahra n. desert, waste land. +saya n. shade, shadow; ~da otırıw to sit in (under) the shade. +sayaq a. 1) vagrant, restless; 2) tramp, vagrant, hobo (amer.). +sayaqlıq n. vagrancy, idleness, vagabondage. +sayaman n. 1) sunshade, parasol, umbrella; 2) awning. +sayahat n. journey; voyage (teńizde); trip, travel (s), tour; jer júzine ~ tour round the world; ~ jasaw (~qa shıǵıw) to travel; ol ~ jasawdı jaqsı kóredi he is fond of travelling. +sayahatshı n. traveler. +sádep n. mother-of-pearl. +sál adv. (sál-pál) 1) not in the least; a little, a bit, just a bit; 2) hardly; slightly; just; ol ~ dem aladı he can hardly breathe; bul jerden ~ kórinedi it can be hardly seen from here; 3) a little slightly, nearly, almost; ol ~ jıǵılmay qaldı he nearly fell; ol sál bolmasa chashkanı sındırıp edi he very nearly broke the cup; ~ kúlkiniń izi a faint smile; a ghost of a smile; onıń ójirege kirgenine sálǵana boldı as soon as he came in; ~ jaqtı túsiwden at daybreak, at first light; ~ ǵana at every trifle. +sálem n. 1.regards, greetings, bow; oǵan ~ aytıń give him my compliment, give him my best regards; 2. hallo(a)!, good morning (afternoon, evening, night), +sálle n. din. turban. +sánli a. 1) luxurious, splendid; 2) fashionable. +sánlilik n. fashionableness. +sársembi n. Thursday. +sársen a. wandering, astray. +sáteń a. 1.foppish, dandified; dandy; ~ túr air of a dandy; 2. n. dandy, fop. +sáteńshilik n. foppery, dandyism. +sátsizlik n. failure, fiasco; ~ke ushıraw to fail. +sáwle n. ray, beam; glow. +sáwleleniw n. fiz. radiation; emanation (nátiyje); radioaktivlik ~ radioactive emanation; qattı ~ hard radiation; qaytalawshı kosmoslıq ~ secondary cosmic radiation; jaqtılıqtıń ~i reflection of light; ~ waqtı reflection interval; ~ uqıbı reflectivity; sáwleniń joq bolıwı reflection loss. +sáhár n. dawn, daybreak; ~de at dawn, at daybreak; ~den burın before dawn, before daybreak; <> sáhárturıw sadatdur (Maqal) an hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. +svetofor n. stop-light, light signal (tas jolda); traffic-lights (temir jolda). +seans n. séance (fr.); performance; birinshi, ekinshi ~ (kinoda) first, second house; first, second show (performance). +sebep n. reason, motive. +sebepli a. 1.reasonable; 2. adv. because, because of, in consequence of, on account of, owing to. +sebepsiz a. causeless, groundless. +sebepshi n. guilty, culprit. +sebet n. basket. +sebiw v. 1.splash, sprinkle, spatter (tuxım); 2. sow, scatter. +segiz num. card. eight. +segizinshi num. ord. eighth. +sezgi n. feeling, sense. +sezgir n. sensitive, keen, tactful, delicate. +sezgirlik n. 1) sensitiveness; 2) scent (haywanlarda); flair. +sezdiriw v. hint. +sezim n. sense, feeling. +sezimli a. sensible, perceptible, sensitive. +seziw I v. 1) feel, have a sensation (of); 2) notice, find out, understand; scent; 3) smell; ash bolǵandı, shóllegendi, sharshaǵandı ~ to be hungry, thirsty, tired; ózin awırıw ~ to feel unwell (ill); ózin jaqsı, jaman ~ to feel better, worse; ózin giyneli ~ to feel hurt; quwanıshtı, ayanıshtı ~ to feel pity, joy; óz ayıbın ~ to feel guilty; <> meniń júregim sezip turıptı I have a feeling (presentiment) that.
II n. sense; feeling; ~ aǵzaları organs of sense; the five senses; juwapkershilikti ~ sense of responsibility; wazıypanı ~ sense of duty; izzetti ~ sense of honor; ráhátti ~ sense (feeling) of satisfaction; awırǵandı ~ sense (feeling) of pain; qáwipsizlikti ~ feeling of safety; uwayımdı, ayanıshtı ~ feeling of pity; maqtanıshtı ~ feeling of pride; gózzallıqtı ~ feeling for the beautiful; sense of beauty; tazalıqtı ~ sense of the new; suwıqtı ~ sensation of cold; sezimine keliw to come to one's senses; to come to oneself; to come to. +sezon n. season, time, period. +seyil n. trip; ~ qılıw, ~ etiw to take a trip, to go for a walk; hike. +sekil n. feature; form, kind. +sekilsiz a. plain, uncomely, deformed, abnormal +sekiriw I v. jump; spring, bound, leap; hop (bir ayaqta); sekirip túsiw to jump down; sekirip miniw to jump into; ~p shıǵıw to jump out; bir ayaqtan ~ to hop to jump on one leg; quwanısh penen ~ to jump (with); to leap high (with); sekirip turıw to jump up.
II n. 1) jumping, leaping; skipping; 2) jump; juwırıp kelip ~ running jump; ornında turıp~ standing jump; joqarıǵa ~ the high jump; uzınlıqqa ~ the long jump. +sekirtiw n. casting, throwing; sport. nayza ~ javelin throwing; disk ~ discus throwing. +sekirttiriw v. throw, cast; nayza ~ to throw the javelin. +sekretar n. secretary; ilimiy ~ science secretary. +seksen num. card, eighty. +sekseninshi num. ord. eightieth. +sektor n. sector. +sekunda n. second. +sel n. heavy shower, downpour. +semiz a. fat, stout, plump. +seminar n. seminar; classroom discussion. +semser n. sword. +semestr n. 1.term, semester; 2. a. terminal; attr. semester. +semya n. family, ~nıńbaxıtı family happiness. +semyalı a. family; domestic; ~ (kisi) adam family man; ~ bolıw to have a family; to be the head of the family; ~ turmıs domestic (family) life. +sen pron. pers. you. +seniki pron. poss. yours, your. +seniń pron. pers. your. +sentyabr n. September. +seńseń ~ teri lambkin. +seplew n. 1) gram. case; bas ~ nominative case; tartımlı ~ possessive case; 2) declension. +ser n. attention; ~ salıw to pay attention (to), to look-out, to be on the look-out. +sergek a. careful, prudent, conscious. +serjant n. sergeant. +serquyash a. 1) sunny, solar; 2) astr. sun. +serlew v. 1) observe; birewdiń ne islegenin ~ to observe (to watch) smb. do smth.; 2) take care (of); look after; keep one's eye (on); sight. +sermew I v. wave.
II n. wave, movement. +sersuw a. watery, over-moist. +sert ~ etiw to take the pledge. +ses n. 1.sound; dawıslı ~ vowel; dawıssız ~ consonant; anıq ~ clear sound; mıltıqtıń ~i report (of a shot); 2. a. ~ tolqını fiz. sound wave; ~ signalı sound signal; ~li film sound-film, talkie; ~li kino talking pictures; talkies. +seskendiriw v. 1) frighten, scare; intimidate; 2) threaten. +seskeniw v. be frightened, be startled (with); shy (at), take fright (of) (at haqqında); ol hámme nárseden seskenedi he is afraid of everything; qıyınshılıqtan seskenbew not be daunted by difficulties. +sespesten adv. ~ qatırıp óltiriw to kill outright. +signal n. signal, horn (avtomobilde); ~ beriw to give a signal, to hoot (avtomobilge tiyisli); eskertiw ~ı alert(ing) signal; ses (ton) ~ audible signal; audio signal; bos emeslik ~ı busy signal; basqarıw ~ı control signal; qadaǵan etiw ~ı inhibit(ing) signal; retlewshi ~ pilot signal; akustikalıq ~ sound signal; iske qosıw ~ı starting signal; trigger signal; turıw ~ı (toqtatıw) stopping signal; (iske) jaramsızlıǵın bildiriw ~ı trouble signal; kos: ~ deviaciyası deviation of a signal; ushırıw (jiberiw) ~ı firing signal. +sidik I n. med. urine.
II a. urinary. +siz pron. pers. you; ~di you; ~ge to (for) you. +siziń pron. pers. your. +siyne n. chest. +siyrek a. 1) thin, scanty; ~ shash thin (scanty, sparse) hair; ~ saqal scanty beard; ~ tis widely spaced teeth; ~ terek thinly growing trees; 2) rare, uncommon. +siyshenbi n. Tuesday. +sileyiw I v. lose one's head; get lost; be taken aback; sileyip qalıw to grow torpid; to become rigid; freeze; qorqıp ~ to freeze with fear.
II n. confusion, embarrassment, perplexity. +silekey n. slobber sg.; ~ aǵıw to slobber, to dribble; onıń awzınan ~i aǵıp tur his mouth is watering; bul ~in aǵızadı it makes one's mouth water. +silkiniw v. 1) toss; 2) shake, tremble, shiver; ol suwıqtan silkindi he was shivering with cold; ol qorqıp silkindi he was trembling with fear. +silkiw v. 1) shake; tremble, shiver; almanı ~ to shake an apple-tree; basın ~ to shake one's head; to toss its head (at haqqında); birewdiń qolın ~ to shake smb.'s hand; 2) jolt; ekipajdi ~ the carriage jolts (gives a jolt). +silos n. silo; silage; ~ urası silo. +simiriw v. swallow; to drink off at one gulp. +simfoniya n. symphony. +sinonim n. gram. synonym; ~ sózler synonymous words. +sintaksis n. gram. syntax. +sińbiriw v. switch off, put out; blow out; turn out; extinguish. +sińir n. anat. fibre; sinew. +sińirli a. sinewy, stringy. +sińiw v. 1.absorb, soak up; 2. (awqat) digest. +sińli n. one's younger sister; sister. +sipse n. broom; ~ menen sıpırıw to sweep (with broom). +sirá adv. not a bit, by no means, in no way. +siris n. (etik) counter. +sirke n. vinegar. +sistema n. system; bes ballı ~ five point marking system; saylaw ~sı electoral system; nerv ~sı nervous system; esaplaw ~sı scale of notation; kún ~sı solar system; ~ǵa aylanıw (~ bolıw) to become the rule; kos. ushıwdı basqarıw ~sı flight control system; sputniktiń baǵdarlawshı ~sı satellite orientation system; tazalaw ~sı (kosmonavttıń kabinasın) purification; basqarıwdıń bortlıq ~sı in-flight guidance system. +sistemalı a. systematic; methodical. +siyasat n. politics pl.; policy; ishki ~ home (internal) policy; sırtqı ~ foreign policy; paraxatshılıq ~ı peace policy; doslıq hám paraxatshılıq ~ı policy of peace and friendship; aralaspawshılıq ~ı policy of non-interference; ~ haqqında sóylew to talk politics; aǵımdaǵı ~ current politics; zorlıq ~ı power policy; big stick policy; awız. policy of "pressure". +siyasiy a. political. +skameyka n. bench. +skat (balıq) n. skate (a kind of ray-fish). +skafandr n. kos. diving-dress, diving-suit; full pressure helmet; kosmonavttıń~ı space suit. +skver n. public garden, square garden. +sklad n. 1) storehouse; ásk. depot; zat ~ı warehouse; oq-dári ~ı ammunition depot (dump); 2) store; tayar raketalar ~ı kos. ready storage. +skulptor n. sculptor. +skulptura n. 1.sculpture; 2. a. sculptural, statuesque. +slesar n. metal craftsman, metal worker, fitter, locksmith. +slovak n. Slovak. +smena n. shift (zavodta); session (mektepte); azanǵı, kúndizgi, keshki ~ morning, day, night shift; jumıs eki, úsh ~da work in two, three shifts. +smola n. pitch (suyıq); resin, tar, rosin (qattı). +smolalaw v. pitch, tar. +sobıq n. bean. +sovet I n. Soviet.
II n. council (organ); Ministrler ~i the Council of Ministers; Qáwipsizlik ~i Security Council; Óz-ara ekonomikalıq járdemlesiw ~i the Council for Mutual Economic Aid.
III n. 1) board; Metodsovet board of studies (fakultette Br.) (jergilikli) mektep ~i school board; 2) Council; Amerika ilim jámiyetiniń ~i American Council of Learned Societies; Amerika bilimlendiriw ~i National Council on Education; Shet tiller inspektorlarınıń Milliy ~i National Council of State Supervisors of Foreign Languages (NCSSFL); anglichan tili oqıtıwshılarınıń Milliy ~i (AQSh) National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE); áskeriy ~ council of war; úy-ishi ~ domestic (family) council. +sovxoz n. 1.state farm; sovkhoz; 2. a. attr. state farm, sovkhoz (attr.). +soǵıw v. thrust, drive in, stick. +soda n. natron; soda; ishiletuǵın ~ baking (cooking) soda; (kir juwıw ushın) washing soda. +sozılıw v. drag on, delay; be strained. +sozıw v. 1) stretch, strain; 2) prolong. +soyıw v. cut, kill, slaughter. +soqpaq n. path. +soqlıǵıw v. touch; be caught (in); brush against; knock against. +soqır a. blind; tas ~ stone-blind; bir kózi ~ blind of one eye; ~ teke (balalar oyını) blind man's buff sg.; <> ~lardıń arasında bir kózli patsha (Maqal) among the blind the one-eyed man is king. +soqırishek n. med. appendicitis. +sol I pron. demonstr. 1.that (pl. those); sol kitaplar qayda? where are those books?; 2. the same, the right.
II a. left; ~ qol left hand; ~ tárep left side, left hand side; the wrong side (tovar haqqında); near side (attıń hám basqa kóliktiń); <> sol jaǵınan turıw to get out of bed on the wrong side. +solay adv. so, thus, like this, this way; pútin hápte ~ ótti the whole week passed so (thus); ~ isleń! do it like this!, do it so that; jaǵday (is) ~ this is how matters stand; ol ~ dedi he spoke in such a way that; men oǵan tap ~aytıp edim I told him in so many words that; tiyme, ~ına qoy let it remain as it is; ol ~ juwap berdi, onıń juwabı ~ he answered thus (yamasa) as follows; this is the answer he gave; tap ~ just so; so it is; tap ~ edi how it was, the way it was; 2) ~ bolsada though, although. +soldat 1. n. soldier ~ bolıp xızmet etiw to be a soldier; ~lar hám oficerler men and officers, officers and men; 2.a. (oyınshıq) tin soldier, toy soldier; ~ hayalı soldier's wife; ~lıq soldier's. +solist n. soloist. +solqım n. bunch, cluster; eki ~ júzim two bunches of grapes. +solıǵan a. 1) withered, faded, stunted (ósimlik haqqında); 2) weak, sickly, puny, unhealthy-looking (adam haqqında). +solıw I v. fade, wither, droop; waste away, pine (adam haqqında).
II n. fading, withering; wasting away (adam haqqında). +som n. sum; bes ~ five sums. +sona n. gadfly. +sonar n. hunting; fowling; ~ǵa shıǵıw to go hunting, to hunt; to go fowling. +sonday adv. by the way. +sonlıqtan a. because (of); owing (to), on account (of), in consequence (of). +sonsha adv. so much, so (sanalmaytuǵın atlıqlar menen); so many (sanalatuǵın atlıqlar menen). +sonshelli adv. so, thus. +sonıń ~ ushın because, that is why, as; ~ ushın da adv. so, consequently, therefore, hence. +soń 1) end; 2) a. last; 3) past; ~ıra after in; sabaqtan ~ after the lesson; bir hápteden ~ in a week. +sońǵı a. final; ~ esap el. final settlement; ~ ushırasıwlar sport. sports finals; ~ mártebe (ret) last time. +soplo n. kos. nozzle; járdemshi ~ auxiliary nozzle; eki-basqıshlı ~ two-stage nozzle. +soranıw v. 1) ask (smb.'s) permission; 2) beg, implore. +soraw I v. 1) ask; kitap ~ to ask for a book; birewden bir nárse jóninde ~ to ask smb. about smth.; bir nárseni biliw ushın ~ to inquire of smb. about (after, for) smth.; birewden talap etip ~ to demand smth. (of) from smb.; den-sawlıǵı haqqında ~ to ask (to inquire) after smb.'s health; 2) kóriwdi ótinish etip ~ to ask for, to want (to see); to desire to speak; 3) (juwapkershilik talap etiliw yamasa soralıw jóninde) make responsible; bul haqqında sizden soraladı you will be responsible for that; <> júda joqarı bahaǵa ~ to ask an exorbitant price; 4) beg.
II n. 1. question; ~ qoyıw (soraw) to ask (to put) a question; tartıslı ~lar moot point, vexed question; bul qanday ~! what a question!, of course!; ~ tuwǵızıw to raise a question; ~dı úyreniw to study the question; ~ júrgiziw to question; 2. a. interrogative; inquiring; ~ belgisi question-mark; ~ gáp gram. question, interrogative sentence. +sorpa n. soup. +sort n. sort, kind (hár qıylılıq); variety; quality, grade; brand (temekiniń); growth (paxtanıń); type; joqarı ~ highest (best) quality (grade); birinshi, ekinshi ~ a first-rate, second-rate; usınday ~taǵı adam that kind of people. +sortlaw v. sort, choose, select. +sorıw I v. 1) suck, suck out; 2) absorb; emshekti ~ to suck; to be sucking; hámmesin sorıp alıw to suck smth. dry; <> birewdiń nársesin qoymay sorıp alıw to exhaust smb., to wear smb. out.
II n. 1) sucking, suction; 2) absorption. +sorıwshı a. 1) sucking; 2) absorbing; absorbent. +sostav n. I. composition; structure; sociallıq ~ı social structure; ximiyalıq ~ı chemical composition; chemical compound; ~ına kiriw (yamasa ~ına jatıw) to form a part of, to be a part of; to be an organic part (of); 2. the staff; professorlar menen muǵallimler ~ı the teaching staff, the professional staff, the academic staff; composition, membership (konferenciyada, delegaciyada); tiykarǵı ~ personnel; atqarıwshı ~ (teatrda) cast; qolda bar ~ available personnel, available staff; ásk. effectives pl.; oficerler ~ı officers pl.; complement of officers (shtattaǵı); ryadovoy hám serjantlar ~ı complement of men, other ranks pl. tolıq ~ta (tolıq ~ı menen) with its full complement; in (at) full strength; tolıq ~taǵı zasedanie full session; delegatlar tolıq ~ı menen full delegation; bes kisi ~ındaǵı komissiya committee (consisting) of five (men, people); delegaciya ~ında bolıw to be a member of the delegation; 3. m. j. train; júrip turǵan ~ rolling-stock. +sociallıq a. social; ~ qamsızlandırıw social insurance; ~ gigiena social hygiene; ~ támiynlew social maintenance; ~ awhal social status; ~ shıǵısı social origin. +social-demokrat n. Social-Democrat. +social-demokratlıq a. social-democratic. +social-demokratiya n. Social Democracy. +socializaciyalaw I v. socialize.
II n. socialization. +socializm n. socialism; ilimiy ~ scientific socialism; ~di qurıw building up of socialism. +socialist n. socialist. +socialistlik a. socialistic. +sociolog n. sociologist. +soyuz 1.union, alliance; rabochiylar klassı menen diyxanlar massasınıń ~ı the alliance (union) between the working class and the working peasant masses; ~da in alliance (in union) with; ~ǵa kiriw to enter into alliance (with); 2. (bir neshe mámleketti bir pútin ~ǵa biriktiriw) Union; Sovetler Soyuzı the Soviet Union; 3. (shólkem mekeme) union, league; prof~ trade union; labor union; 4. (kelisim) alliance, agreement; ~ dúziw to conclude an alliance (with); áskeriy ~ military alliance; sawda ~ı trade agreement; diniy ~ the Holy Alliance. +soyuzlıq a. allied; union (attr.); ~ mámleketler allied powers; ~ respublika Union republic. +sógiw v. abuse, scold; joǵal!go to the devil!; <> qara basqır! deuce take it! +sóz n. word; ~iniń ústinen shıǵıw, wádesinde turıw to keep one's word, to be as good as one's word; túbir ~ root word; jasalma ~ derived word; qospa ~ compound word; shın ~ word of honor; ~ alıw to take floor; ~ bası introduction, preface; tiykarǵı ~ (sózlik minimum) basic word; kemisitoltırılatuǵın ~ constructed word; mánili ~ content word; turmıs leksikası (~) environmental word; kómekshi ~ function word; bayanlaw (mashina) ~ information word; qısqarǵan ~ initial word, contracted word, abbreviated word; grammatikalıq mánisli ~ structural word; yadlawǵa tiyisli ~ target word; gilt-sóz key word; 2) speech; qutlıqlaw ~ welcome speech, speech of welcome; awızeki ~ oral speech; ~sóylew to make a speech; awızeki ~ kónikpesin rawajlandırıw speech training; <> usınday sóz bar (usınday gáp bar) it is said; it is rumored; sózsiz without (saying) a word; ~inen tanıw denial, disavowal; sóz zayaǵa ketiw to talk at random, to speak at random, yamasa idly. +sózbe-sóz a. word for word, literal; ~ awdarma word for word (yamasa literal) translation. +sózlik n. qqen(word, translation), vocabulary; glossary (tekstlerge beriletuǵın sózlik); ~ dúziwshi lexicographer. +sóylemshek a. talkative; ~ adam talker, chatterbox. +sóylesiw v. 1. talk, speak (with, to); 2. treat, negotiate. +sóylew speak, talk (sóylesiw); say, tell (bir nárse haqqında aytıw); durıs ~ to tell (yamasa to speak) the truth; jalǵan ~ to tell a lie (yamasa lies); inglisshe ~ to speak English; olar bir-biri menen sóylespeydi they are not on speaking terms; basqasha (aytqanda) sóylegende in other words; dursın sóylegende (aytqanda) to tell the truth. +sóndiriw v. 1. put out; shıranı ~ to blow out a candle; gazdı ~ to turn off the gas; elektrichestvonı ~ to switch (to turn off, to put out) the light; órtti ~ to extinguish (to put out) a fire; svetti ~ to put out the light; 2. tread out (trod, trodden); 3. quell, suppress, put down, stifle; <> ushqınnıń aldın al (Maqal) a little fire is quickly trodden out. +spartakiada n. sport. Spartakiada games. +spektakl n. play, performance; áyyemgi~ matinee (fr.). +spektr n. spectrum; elektromagnitlik ~ electromagnetic spectrum. +spirt n. alcohol. +spirtli a. ~ ishimlikler spirits. +sport n. 1. sport; keme ~ı boating; suw ~ aquatics pl.; aquatic sports pl.; lıja~ı sk
IIng; júziw ~ı sailing (sport); ~ penen shuǵıllanıw to go in for sport(s); to indulge in sports; 2. a. sporting, athletic; ~ oyınları sports (and games); ~ maydanshası sports ground, playing-field; ~ buyımları sports equipment; sports goods; ~ jarısı sports, sporting competitions; ~ zalı gymnasium (pl. -siums, -sia), gymhall awız.; ~ stadionı sports stadium (pl. -dia); ~ jámiyeti sports society; ~ bazası sports centre. +sportshı n. sportsman, sportswoman. +spravka n. 1) certificate; den sawlıq haqqında ~ health certificate; jumıs ornınan ~ reference; 2) information, reference; ~ tayarlaw to inquire; to make inquiries (about); ~ haqqında jolıǵıw (xabarlasıw) to apply for information (to). +stadion n. sport. stadium (pl. -dia). +staj n. 1) length of service; partiya ~ı length of Party membership; jawıngerlik ~ benen with a record of active service; 2) sınaw ~ı probation, probationary period; ~dı ótkeriw to work on probation. +stakan n. glass. +standart n. standard, level. +stanok n. 1) tex. bench, tool; machine; toqıma stanogi (weaving-)loom; ustashılıq stanogi joiner's bench; jazıw (baspa) stanogi (yamasa teriw) printing-press; tokarlıq ~ lathe; jonıw stanogi planing machine; 2) ásk. (qural) mount (ing); gózew stanogi aiming rest. +stanciya n. station; kos. kosmoslıq ~ space station; orbitalıq zapravkalaw~sı orbital refueling base; planeta aralıq avtomat ~ automatic interplanetary station; aralıq ~ transit station; poligon jolınıń ~sı downrange station; padiolakaciyalıq izertlew~sı research radar. +start n. start; ~ beriw to start; ~qa! sport. on your marks!; kos: ~ maydanı firing platform; ~ jaǵdayı firing site. +starter n. tex. starter. +statya n. 1.article; bas ~ leading article, leader, editorial; 2. item; clause (dokumentte); <> bul arnawlı (basqasha) ~ that is another matter. +stil n. 1.style; joqarı ~ elevated style, grand style; 2. (kalendar haqqında) jańa ~ new style (Gregorian calendar); eski (burınǵı) ~ old style (Julian calendar). +stilistik n. lingv. stylistic. +stilistika n. stylistics. +stipendiya n. scholarship, (student) allowance, grant. +stol n. 1) table; jazıw ~ı writing-table, desk; tartpa ~ bureau; ~da at the table; ~da (ǵa) otırıw to sit down to table; to sit at (a) table; ~dı jabıw to lay the table; ~dı tazalaw to clear the table; kos. ushırıp jiberiwshi ~ firing table; 2) (awqat haqqında) board; (asxana) eating-house; dietika ~ı plain dietary (cookery); 3) (mekeme bólimi) department, section; zakaz beriw~ı order department; adresler ~ı address bureau; arnawlı ~ personnel office. +stolb n. pole, post, pillar; telegraf ~ı telegraph-pole (post); kilometrlik ~ kilometre post; shegera ~ı frontier post. +strelka n. 1.pointer; hand (saattiki); arrow (sızıw); kompastıń magnit~sı compass needle; 2. t. j. railway point; switch. +struktura n. structure; xalıq xojalıǵınıń ~sı national economy pattern; shólkemlestiw ~sı frame (work) of organization. +strukturalizm n. lingv. structuralism, structural science. +student n. student; ~ medik medical student; ~ yurist law student; tariyxfakultetiniń ~i history student. +studiya n. studio, workshop; teatr ~sı dramatic studio; opera ~sı operatic studio. +stul n. 1.chair; jumsaq ~ padded chair; jıynalatuǵın ~ folding chair; ~qoıw to offer a chair; 2. med. stool; <> eki ~ ortasında otırıw (eki kemeniń basın uslaw) to fall between two stools. +suǵıw (suǵıp alıw) v. 1) pin, fix; dip; 2) prick. +suǵılısıw v. intervene (in); interfere (in, with), meddle (in). +suǵılısıwshılıq n. interference, intervention. +sud n. 1.(mekeme) law-court, court, Court of Law, Court of Justice; joqarǵı ~ the Supreme Court; xalıq ~ı the People's Court; áskeriy~ court martial; áskeriydala ~ı drum-head court martial; ~ta in court; ~ta haqlanǵan found not guilty; ~qa shaqırıw to summon, to cite; ~qa beriw to take it into court; birewdi ~qa beriw to bring an action against smb.; ~ sessiyası Court session; ~ májilisi sitting of the Court; ~ zalı courtroom; ~ astında bolıw to be under trail; 2. justice; 3. judgment; 4. trial; ~ kúni on the day of the trial; ~law to try, judge; sport. to referee, to umpire. +sudya 1.judge; 2. sport. referee; umpire (bas); tınıshlıq ~sı Justice of the Peace; xalıq ~sı People's Judge; ol saǵan ~ma? Who is he to judge you?; ol bul másele boyınsha tómen ~ he cannot judge of this case, he is no authority on this question. +suyıq a. liquid, fluid; watery; thin; ~ sút watery milk; ~ sabın suwı liquid adar; ~ chay weak tea. +suyıqlıq n. liquid. +sulı n. oats. +sulıwlıq n. beauty, elegance, grace. +sum 1.a. 1) sly, cunning; artful; 2) wicked, malicious, mischievous, naughty; 2. n. sly boots; 3) slyness, artfulness. +sumka n. 1.bag; sawda-satıq ~sı shopping bag; oq-dári ~sı ásk. cartridge-pouch; dala ~sı ásk. nap case; parashyuttiń ~sı kos. pack; 2. biol. pouch. +sumlıq n. 1) cunning, slyness; guile, craft, evil, harm; evil deed; mischief; 2) ruse; urıs sumlıǵı war ruse; stratagem; ~ penen alıw to manage by ruse, to effect by stratagem; ~qa beriliw to resort to cunning; <> bul ne degen sumlıq (keyiw mánisinde)! what the dickens! +sumlıqlı a. sly, cunning, artful. +summa n. sum; jalpı (ulıwma) ~sum total. +sutka n. twenty-four hours; day; jumıs bir ~dawam etti work went on round the clock; kos. astronomiyalıq ~ astronomical day. +suw n. water; <> suwdan qurı shıǵıw to come off clean; <> ~ kórmey etiksheshpe (Naqıl) between the cup and the lip a morsel may slip (never cackle till your egg is laid). +suwaǵar n. gutter. +suwǵarıw v. irrigate; give to drink; water (maldı). +suwlı a. juicy; rich (ósimlik). +suwshı n. waterman. +suwıq n. cold, frosty; búgin júdá ~ it is very cold today. +suwıqlıq n. coolness, composure. +suwın n. deer. +suwırıw I v. pull out, root out (tamırı menen).
II v. a.x. winnow, fan.
III n. a.x. winnowing. +suwıtıw I v. cool, freeze.
II n. kos.cool-down; joqarı basımdaǵı suwdı ~ high pressure water cooling. +suwıw v. 1) cool, freeze, get cool; 2) get (grow) cold; qorqınıshtan ~ to freeze with terror. +suflyor n. teatr. prompter; ~ jayı (ornı) prompt-box. +suffiks n. gram. suffix. +suxar n. dried crust; rush. +súdin n. pile; ~de on pile(s). +súzgish n. filter, strainer. +súzek n. typhus. +súzeki n. skimmer. +súziw v. 1) filter; strain; 2) kózin ~ to screw up one's eyes; 3) butt; eshkige usap ~ to strike with the head as a goat does. +súyek n. bone. +súyekli a. bony. +súyeksiz a. sirloin, fillet; ~ gósh filleted (boned) meat; ~ balıq (tikensiz) filleted (boned) fish. +súyew v. lean, rest (against), support. +súyikli a. beloved, dear. +súyindiriw v. make glad, gladden. +súyiniw v. be pleased, be glad, rejoice. +súyiw I v. kiss; love; jorta ~ to flirt; <> pulǵa súygi tabılmas, kewil pulǵa tabılmas (Maqal) love is neither bought nor sold. súyiw
II n. kissing; love; watandı ~ love of one's country. +súyiwshi a. loving; affectionate; sizdi ~ Nazar (xatta) Yours affectionate(-ly) Nazar. +súykelisiw v. hand about smth.; bir nárseniń arasında yamasa birewdiń arasında ~ to mix with smth., to hobnob with smb. +súykew v. rub against smth. +súykimli a. beloved, dear, nice. +súymen n. crow, crow-bar. +súyreliw v. drag oneself along. +súyretiliw v. drag oneself along. +súyrew v. drag, carry, pull. +súlgi n. tower. +súlik n. leech. +súńgiw v. dive. +súrgi n. soother. +súrgin n. exile; deportation; banishment; transportation; ~de in exile; ~ etiw to banish, to exile; ~ge jiberiw v. to deport, to exile, to banish; ~ bolıw to be exiled. +súriniw v. 1) stumble (over); 2) make mistake; 3) fail; <> jıǵılǵan súringenge kúledi (Maqal) the pot calls the kettle black. +súriw I v. (gúnde menen ~ súriw) hoe.
II v. suck. +súrtiniw v. 1) rub oneself. +súrtiw v. 1) rub; kózin ~, betin ~ to rub one's eyes, to rub one's face; 2) polish; 3) smear; daub; may ~ 1) to butter; 2) to apply an ointment. +sút n. milk; <> awzınan ana~i ketpegen he is too young (green), he is just a baby; ananıń ~in sorıw to imbibe (to take in) with one's mother's milk. +sútli a. milk, milky. +sútshi n. milkman, milk-woman. +súwret n. drawing, picture, photo, illustration, pattern; televiziyalıq ~(lew) TV picture. +súwretli a. illustrated, pictured, illustrative. +súwretshi n. 1) artist, painter; 2) photographer. +súwretshilik (óneri) n. painting. +sxema n. scheme; diagram, sketch, set-up. +schetchik n. tex. counter; meter (elekt, gaz); tezlik ~gi revolution counter, speedometer, speed counter. +sezd n. 1.congress; conference, convention. +sıbanıw v. roll up, tuck up; bilekti sıbanıp iske kirisiw to roll up one's sleeves and set to work. +sıbaw I v. plaster.
II n. plaster. +sıbır n. whisper. +sıbırlaw v. whisper, prompt. +sızǵısh n. ruler. +sızlawıq n. boil, furuncle. +sızıq n. line; tuwrı ~ straight (right) line; qıysıq ~ curve; tik ~ perpendicular (line); parallel ~ parallel (line). +sızılma n. draught; draft (amer.); sketch; ~ doskası drawing-board. +sızıw v. draw, line. +sızıwshı n. draughtsman; draftsman (amer.); draughtswoman; draftswoman (amer.). +sıy n. present, gift, donation, grant; ~ etiw (beriw) to make a gift of smth., to make a present of smth.; ~ǵa alıw to receive as a present (gift). +sıyqır n. sorcery; magic, witchery; witchcraft; charms; fascination; jawız ~ evil spell; devilment. +sıylaw v. q. húrmetlew. +sıylıq n. reward, decoration (mektepte). +sıylıqlaw I v. reward, decorate (orden menen).
II n. rewarding, decoration (orden menen). +sıypalaw v. feel, touch; tamırın ~ to feel the pulse. +sıyınıw v. (dálilsiz ~) make a fetish (of). +sıyır n. cow; sawın ~ milch cow; qısır ~ dry cow; súzewik ~ cow that butts; ~ sawıw to milk a cow. +sıyırıw v. strip. +sıyıw v. go in, be contained; shelekke toǵız litr sút sıyadı the bucket holds nine liters of milk; nine liters of milk go in the bucket. +sıqıl n. physiognomy. +sılaw v. stroke, rub, massage. +sıldırlaw v. ripple, babble. +sıldırlı n. ripple, babble; murmur. +sıldırlatıw v. tinkle; to cause to ripple, to make babble. +sılıw v. strip, strip off, scratch off, strip the skin off, flay. +sım n. wire; tikenekli ~ barbed wire. +sımbat n. 1) figure; onıń ~ı jaqsı she has a fine figure, she has a well-developed figure; 2) quicksilver, mercury. +sın I n. q. sımbat.
II ~ taǵıw to twit. +sınaq n. test, assay; ~tan ótiw to stand the test. +sınaw I v. try, test, experience.
II n. trial, test; isenimliligin ~ kos.reliability test; ushırıp ~ flight firing; ~ nátiyjesinde alınǵan juwmaqlar firing data. +sınawlı a. tried, tested, experienced. +sınǵan a. broken. +sındırım n. piece; bir ~ nan a piece of bread. +sındırıw v. break. +sınshı n. critic. +sınıw v. break, be broken, hurt oneself. +sıńar egizdiń ~ı one of the twins. +sıńarı like, as, if; as though. +sıpara adv. 1) some; olardıń bir ~sı ele kelmedi some of them have not come yet; 2) all, everybody; everything; ~ hámmesi xabarlansın all of them must be informed. +sıpat n. quality; property. +sıpırıw v. sweep. +sır n. secret; cheese. +sırǵıya n. swindler; ~shılıq etiw to swindle; to fraud. +sırqas a. ill. +sırnay n. muz. bugle. +sırt n. external, side, surface; ~tan oqıw to learn by correspondence (courses). +sırtqa adv. 1.outside; 2. outward, external, outer. +sırtqı a. 1) external, outer, outward; 2) superficial; ~ kórinis outward, appearance; 3) foreign; ~ siyasat foreign policy; ~ sawda foreign trade; ~ isler ministri Minister of Foreign Affairs; Foreign secretary (Angliyada),Secretary of State (AQShta). +sırıq n. pole. +sıtırlı n. crunch, crackle. +sıya a. ink, sg. +sıyaqlı a. as, like; siz ~ like you. +sıyasawıt n. ink-pot, ink-stand (pribor); ink-well. +tabak n. 1.tobacco (ósimlik); tobacco plant; ~ iyiskew to take snuff; 2. a. tobacco; 1) ~ satıwshı, ~ fabrikasınıń iyesi tobacconist. +tabaq I n. dish; plate; pot; gúl tabaǵı flower-pot.
II n. poligr. sheet; plate. +tabaldırıq n. 1) threshold; 2) approach. +taban n. 1) heel; tip-toe (ayaq ushı); 2) foot (tawdıń); tawdıń ~ında at the foot of a hill (mountain); <> tabandı bekkemlew to stand upon sure ground; olardıń tabanı bosaspaqta the ground is slipping from under their feet; tabanın gewlew (astın gewlew) to cut the ground from under smb., yamasa smb.'s feet; to take the wind out of smb.s' sails; tiykar tayarlaw to pave the way (for); ~ı bos groundless, baseless, unfounded. +tabel n. time-board, number. +tabelshik n. time-keeper. +tablica n. table; plate; kóbeytiw ~sı multiplication table; utıslar ~sı prize-list. +tabılıw v. 1) be found; sizden 5 somtabılama? do you happen to have five sums?; hámmege jumıs (is) tabıladı there will be work for everybody; 2) ol juwaptappayqaldı he was at a loss to answer; prove to be; seem; appear. +tabıs n. 1) achievement, progress; ~qa jetiw to get, to obtain, to achieve; 2) prize, winnings; 3) success, good luck; 4) income; 5) gram. ~ sepligi accusative case. +tabıslı a. 1) successful; 2) profitable, paying; lucrative. +tabıssız a. 1) unsuccessful; 2) unprofitable. +tabısıw n. 1) presence (at, in a place); 2) meeting. +tabıt n. coffin. +tabıw v. find, discover (ashıw); neft ~ to strike oil. +taǵa n. horse shoe; ~ qaǵıw to shoe (a horse). +taǵalaw v. to shoe (a horse). +taǵara n. basin. +taǵı adv. q. jáne. +taǵı-basqalar et cetera, etcetera; and so on; and so on and so forth. +taǵıw v. fasten (to), hook on, pin. +taj n. tar. crown, wreath. +tájik n. Tajik; ~ tili the Tajik language. +taz n. tetter, mange; scab, injury. +taza a. 1) clean; ~ jaǵa clean collar; ~ qol clean hands; ~ bet clean (blank) page; 2) neat, tidy; fresh, new; ~ balıq fresh fish; tap-~ very clean; 3) pure, straight; ~ altın pure gold; ~ gúmis pure silver; ~ suw pure water; ~ hawa clear air, pure air; ~ spirt pure alcohol; neat spirits pl.; ~jazatuǵındápter exercise book for fair copies; 2) it is clean; bul jer ~ it is clean here. +tazadan adv. 1) again, once more; from, the very beginning; 2) a new, a fresh. +tazalap adv. cleanly, neatly. +tazalatıw v. cause (ask) to clean. +tazalaw I v. 1) clean, tide up; scour; brush (shyotka menen); scrub; etigin~ to clean (one's) boots, shoes; tisin ~ to clean (to brush) one's teeth; kiyimin ~ to brush clothes; to dry-clean clothes (ximchistka); ıdıstı ~ to scrub (to scour) dishes; kanaldı ~ to dredge a canal; attı ~ to rub down a horse; morjanı ~ to sweep chimneys; 2) (miywe, jemislerdi) peel, shell; scale (balıq qırshıw).
II n. cleaning; clean-up; bir-nárseni ~ǵa beriw to have smth. cleaned, to send smth. to the cleaner's; tarap ~ tekst. combing, carding; hacking. +tazalawshı n. etik ~ shoeblack, bootblack. +tazalıq n. cleanness; neatness, purity, pureness; ójireniń tazalıǵı cleanness of the room; neatness; purity; suwdıń tazalıǵı purity of water; hawanıńtazalıǵı clearness (clarity) of the air, purity of the air. +tazarǵansha adv. completely; to the end. +tazartıw I v. polish; grate, rub; clean; clear.
II n. reduction. +tazarıw v. be cleaned; clear oneself. +tay n. foal; (horse) yearling. +tayǵanaw v. q. tayıw. +taynapır a. q. úlken. +taypa n. tribe. +taypaq a. flat; plane; sloping. +tayın a. 1) certain; 2) known; preparatory; 3) ready. +tayınlanǵan a. certain, known; ready; ~ bolıw to be ready. +tayınlaw I v. 1) prepare; 2) store up; stock.
II n. 1) preparation; 2) making ready. +tayıw v. slip; slide. +taksi n. taxi; júk ~ taxi-lorry; ~ shoferı taxi-driver, taxi-man. +taktika n. ásk. tactics sg. +taktikalıq a. tactic(al); ~sabaq tactical exercise. +taq n. odd; ~ san odd number. +taqat n. patience, endurance, forbearance; ~ qılıw, ~ etiw to suffer, to endure, to bear, to stand, to have patience. +taqatlı 1.a. 1) patient; endurable; 2. adv. patiently; endurably; with patience. +taqatsız a. impatient; intolerant (of). +taqlaw v. pile up, pack up; bir nárseni ~ to do packing. +taqletli a. like; similar; such a (an); adam ~ maymıl anthropoid ape. +taqmaq n. recitation; declamation; ~ aytıw to recite, to declaim. +taqpaq n. q. taqmaq. +taqta n. 1.board; plank; klass ~sı blackboard; shaxmat ~sı chessboard; daǵaza ushın ~ notice board; juqa ~ boards; <> húrmet ~sı honor roll; board of honour; húrmet ~sına qaǵıw to put up on the board of honor; qara ~ the list of shirkers. +taqtay n. q. taqta. +taqıq adv. exactly; precisely; accurately. +taqıldı n. knock; tap; esiktiń ~sı knock (tap) at the door. +taqıldatıw v. knock (on, at). +taqıya n. skull-cap. +tal n. willow; sebet ushın ~ osier; leylishash ~ bot. weeping willow. +talay I n.1) luck, happiness; 2) lot, fate; baxıtsız ~ doom.
II bir ~ a great number; a great deal; much, many; a lot of; more, most. +talaylı a. happy, lucky. +talaysız a. unlucky, unhappy; miserable, +talaq I n. anat. spleen; ~qa suwıq tiyiw med. splenetic.
II n. 1.divorce; ~ xatın alıw to get a divorce; ~lıq process divorce suit; olar ~ xatın alısqan they are divorced; talaq xatın alıw to divorce (ajırasıw); 2. ~ qılǵan er divorcee; ~ hayal divorcee. +talaman n. pretender; claimant. +talant n. talent, gift (for); onıń ~ı kúshli he is very gifted; he has many abilities, he can do all sorts of things; óziniń ~tın kórsetiw to display one's talents. +talantlı a. talented, gifted; ~ adam man of talent, gifted person, great talent. +talantsız a. feeble, wretched, untalented; luckless. +talanıw v. be robbed; be sacked; be plundered. +talap I n. demand, requirement; ~ qoyıw to require; to demand.
II ~ (shaynap)óltiriw to bite to death; to tear (to pieces). +talapsız a. unemployed. +talas n. quarrel (with, between); ~ ushın sebep (sıltaw) quarrel; talas ushın sıltaw izlew to seek (to pick) a quarrel with; ~tı sheshiw to make up a quarrel. +talasıw v. quarrel (with); argue (with, against), argue (about). +talaw I v. rob; sack; ~ isi menen shuǵıllanıw to pillage, to plunder, to loot.
II n. 1) robbery; hold-up (poezdta); burglary; 2) sack. +talawshı n. robber. +talawshılıq n. robbery, sack. +talqı n. discussion; ~ǵa salıw to put for discussion; to discuss. +talqılaw v. discuss. +tallanǵan a. selected. +tallaw I v. 1) choose, select; 2) analyze.
II n. gram. analysis. +talon n. coupon; check. +talwas n. wish (for), desire (for). +talwaslaw v. wish; to be anxious. +talıw I v. 1) doze off; 2) forget oneself.
II n. unconsciousness, drowsiness. +tam n. roof; ~ salıw to build (a house); <> aǵam barda, arqam tamda (Maqal) to put implicit faith in smb.; to place implicit confidence in smb. +tamaq I n. throat; med. qıl~ cancer; throat cancer; <> haram ~ drone, parasite, sponger; ~ awırıw tonsillitis.
II n. 1) food; 2) meal, food; 3) dish; ~ jew to eat; mazalı ~ tasty dish; ~ waqtında while eating, during a meal; ~tan burın before food, before a meal; ~tan soń after food, after a meal. +tamaqlandırıw v. feed; give to eat; cause smb. to eat, nourish. +tamaqlanıw v. eat (ate; eaten). +tamam n. end; ~ bolıw to be over, to be finished; to graduate; to come to an end; expire (from); waqtıńız ~ boldı your time is up. +tamamlanıw v. be over, finish. +tamamlaw v. finish, complete. +taman n. direction, side; oń ~da on the right side; shep ~da on the left (side), on the left hand side; barlıq (hámme) ~da in all directions; ~ǵa towards; in the direction of; úy ~ǵa home-wards. +tamasha n. performance, spectacle, show. +tamashagóy n. spectator. +tamǵa n. brand; fabrika ~sı trade mark. +tamǵalaw v. brand. +tamshı n. (rain) drop. +tamshılaw v. drop, fall. +tamızıw v. drop. +tamır n. bot. 1) root; ~ınan suwırıw to tear up by the roots; to up root; to eradicate, to extirpate, to root out; ~jayıw (urıw) to take root; ~ı tereńdebolıw to be deeply rooted; 2) anat. tendon, sinew; qan ~ vein. +tamıw n. drop; fall in drops. +tandır n. oven. +tanbur n. muz. tambour, drum. +tank n. tank. +tanker n. tanker. +tankist n. tankman. +tanıǵısız a. unrecognizable. +tanımalı a. 1) well-known, outstanding; 2) notorious. +tanıs n. acquainted, friend, familiar. +tanıslıq n. acquaintance; ushqarı ~nodding (bowing) acquaintance; jaqın ~ speaking acquaintance. +tanıstırıw v. introduce (to). +tanısıw v. get acquainted (to) , make the acquaintance (of). +tanıtıw v. 1) acquaint; 2) inform. +tanıw v. 1) acknowledge; 2) recognize; men onı bes barmaǵımday tanıyman (bilemen) I know him like a bob. +tań I n. dawn, daybreak; ~da (~ azanda) at dawn; at daybreak; ~ attı day is breaking.
II n. surprise; astonishment; ~ qalıw to surprise, to be astonished; to wonder; ~ qaldırıw to astonish; ~ qalarlıq wonderful; marvelous; astonishing, surprising, phenomenal. +tańba n. q. tamǵa. +tańlay n. palate; qattı ~ hard palate; jumsaq ~ soft palate. +tańlaq n. gram. interjection. +tańlanıw n. astonishment, surprise. +tańlaw v. choose (chose chosen). +tańlawlı a. selected, chosen. +tańsıq a. rare, uncommon. +tańırqaw n. miracle, wonder. +tańıw v. tie up; knot; basına oramaldı tańıw to tie a handkerchief round one's head. +tap I n. heat; ardor; embers; <> tabı joq he is unwell.
II n. a. x. furrow; ~ salıw v. to furrow.
III adv. just; exact, precise, punctual; accurate. +tapansha n. pistol; avtomat ~ automatic pistol. +tapqısh a. resourceful; ready-witted. +tapqıshlıq n. resourcefulness. +taplaw v. (temirshilik jumısı) forge; <> temirdi qızǵanda soq (Maqal) strike while the iron is hot. +tapsırma n.(oqıw) task, job; assignment; zachyot (ushın) ~ (yamasa kontrol jumısı ushın ~) credit test assignment; ulıwma (gruppa ushın) ~common assignment, group assignment; jeke ~individual assignment; úy ~sı (yamasa ózinshe isleytuǵın ~) out-of-class assignment; sabaqtaǵı (oqıw) ~sı school assignment; study assignment; semestr ushın ~ term (test) assignment. +tapsırıw v. give, hand (over, to), deliver (to); present; entrust. +tar a. cramped (jay); narrow (kóshe); small (úy, bólme); tight (kiyim); ~ keliw, ~ bolıw to be tight. +taraq n. comb. +taraqan n. cockroach. +tarayıw v. become narrow; get tight. +taranıw v. comb; to do one's hair. +taraw I v. do smb.'s hair; do one's hair, have one's hair done.
II n. 1.combing; 2.tekst. carding; shashtı ~ to part one's hair; to comb one's hair. +tarǵıl a. motley, variegated, parti-colored; gay (boyaw haqqında); gay-colored; <> túnde tarǵıl pıshıq tanılmaydı (Maqal) all cats are like grey in the night. +tarelka n. plate; tereń ~ soup-plate; mayda ~ dinner-plate; bread-plate; tolı ~ a plateful of smth. +tariyx n. 1) history; áyyemgi dúnya ~ı ancient history; jámiyettiń rawajlanıw ~ı the history of social development; bul waqıya ~qa kiredi the event will go down in history; 2) event; usınday ~ onıń basınan ótti a funny thing happened to him; 2) historic (áhmiyetli, belgili); ~ıy sóz historic speech; ~ıy kún historic day, historic date; ~ta rol oynaw (~ta rolge iye bolıw) to play a historic part; ~ıy áhmiyetke iye wazıypa a history-making task; ~ıyjeńis historic gains, historic attainments. +tariyxshı n. historian. +tarif n. tariff; qadaǵan etiwshi ~ ek. prohibitive tariff. +tarifikaciya n. tariffing. +tarifikaciyalaw v. tariff. +tarifikaciyalı a. tariff; ~ setka tariff scale. +tarqalıw v. 1) spread, go away, separate; 2) dissipate (bult, qorqınısh haqqında). +tarqasıw v. go away. +tarqatıw v. 1) drive away, disperse (alamandı); 2) scatter, spread; 3) distribute. +tarqatıwshı n. distributor. +tarlı a. muz. stringed, pizzicato; barmaq penen oynaytuǵın ~ saz ásbapları pizzicato musical instruments. +tarlıq n. tightness, narrowness. +tarmaq n. branch, field; bilim tarmaǵı sphere department, field of knowledge. +tarnaw n. gutter. +tartpa n. drawer; stoldıń ~sı drawer of a table. +tarttırıw v. geld (mal haqqında). +tartıw I v. 1.draw, drag, pull; 2.weigh (tárezide).
II n. poultice; ~ salıw to poultice. +tarshılıq n. q. tarlıq. +tarı n. 1.millet; 2.a. attr. millet; ~dan tayarlanǵan, ~ dan islengen millet beer, millet ale. +tarraq a. tight. +tarıslıq n. q. tarlıq. +tas n. stone, rock (amer.); bahalı ~ precious stone, gem, jewel; intaglio; qábirdiń ~ı grave-stone, tombstone; qayraq ~ oilstone, whetstone; hone (páki ushın);shógindi~ reef, rock; jonılǵan (tegislengen) ~ ashlar; vino ~ı tartar (júzim suwın ashıtqandaǵı shógindi); cream of tartar; (tistegi) tartar, scale; búyrektegi ~ med. gall stone; birewge ~ jawdırıw (atıw) to throw a stone at smb.; <> onıń júregi ~ a weight lies heavy on his heart; his heart is a stone, he has a heart of stone; <> kerek tastıń awırı joq (Maqal) plenty is no plague. +tasa n. cover, shelter. +tasbaqa n. tortoise, turtle (teńiz tasbaqası). +tasbawır n. stone-hearted, pitiless, merciless, ruthless; heart of stone (or flint); ol ~ a weight lies heavy on his heart. +taskómir n. coal; aǵashtıń ~i charcoal; ~ge aylandırıw to carbonize; kúl (mayda) ~ coaling; <>~dey on hot coals. +tasqın n. flood, inundation. +taslaq a. rocky, stony. +taslaw v. throw; ılaqtırıp ~ to throw away; joqarıdan tómenge ~ to throw off; shy; fling stones; <> názer ~ to throw a look. +taslı a. stony, rocky. +taspa n. 1) strap; throng; 2) belt. +tasplita n. flag; ~nı tósep shıǵıw to flag; plate, slab, flagstone; qábirdegi ~ gravestone, tombstone. +tastay adv. as a stone, stony; ~ qarańǵı it is pitch dark; ~ qattı as hard as a stone. +tastúnek n. dark, darkness. +tastıyqlaw I v. confirm, assert, affirm.
II n. 1) confirmation (qarardı); 2) assertion, statement (pikirdi). +tasıtıw v. cause to carry, ask to carry (to bring, to take). +tasıw I v. carry, drag, pull.
II v. to flood; overflow; spill, fall out, flow out. +tasıwshı n. 1) loader; carrier; drayman; porter; 2) carrier-pigeon. +tat n. rust. +tatıw I a. friendly; in co-existence.
II v. taste. +taw n. 1) mountain (páslew taw); hill; 2) toboggan-shoot, toboggan-slide (sanki tebiw ushın); switchback sg. (amerikadaǵı rels penen vagonetkada tebiw ushın); ~dan sırǵanaw to toboggan; ~da júriw to go up hill; to rise (to go) up in the world; to do well; ~dıń astınan ótiw (júriw) to go downhill; 3) awız. pile; heap; <> arada ~ bar(ma) emes (yamasa ~dan asıp kelgen joqsań) not far distant, at hand. +tawar n. q. tovar. +tawlanıw v. turn, turn round; revolve. +tawlaw v. 1) heat, temper; 2) be heated, be tempered; 3) turn; qol menen ~ to twiddle. +tawlı a. mountainous. +tawlıq n. alycha, mountainous damson. +tawıq n. 1.hen; fowl; 2.a. ~ góshi chicken meat, fowl-meat; túye ~tıńpalapanı (turkey) poultry; ~xana (ketek) fowl-run. +tawıs n. peacock; ~tay hárriygen proud as peacock. +tawısıw v. 1) end, finish; 2) spend. +taxt n. tar. throne; crown. +taxta n. q. taqta. +taxtay n. q. taqtay. +tayaq n. stick; walking stick; cane; cudgel, club; ~ penen urıw to beat with a stick; to stick. +tayaqlaw v. beat, give the stick, beat with a stick; cudgel; club; smash. +tayanıw v. lean; to stoop so as to receive support. +tayanısh n. 1) support; 2) leaning. +tayar a. ready, finished; ~bolıw to be ready; ~ qılıw to finish; to make ready. +tayarlaw I v. prepare, make ready.
II n. 1) preparation; 2) preparing, making ready. +tayarlıq n. 1) preparation; 2) readiness. +tayarlıqsız a. without preparation. +tayaw n. pole. +tábiyǵat n. q. tábiyat. +tábiyiy a. natural. +tábiyat n. 1) nature; 2) character. +táǵdir n. fortune; fate, doom. +tájim n. bow; respect; ~ beriw to bow. +tájiriybe I n. 1.experiment, test, trail; ~ júrgiziw to experiment, experimentalize; 2.(praktika) experience; turmıs ~si knowledge of life; urıs ~si experience of war, battle experience; ~de anıqlaw (iseniw) to know by experience; birewdiń ~sin qollaw to adopt smb's methods; aldınǵı (ılǵar) ~ progressive methods, progressive innovations pl.; 3.skill; habit; ~ kórsetiw to experimentalize; <> tájiriybe danalıqtıń anası (Maqal) experience is the mother of wisdom.
II a. experimental; ~ stanciyası experiment station. +tájiriybeli a. experienced (adam haqqında). +tájriybesiz a. inexperienced. +tájriybesizlik n. inexperience. +tákabbir a. swaggering, self-conceited; proud; haughty, supercilious; ~ bolıw to be proud (of); to take (in) pride. +tákabbirleniw v. give oneself airs, think no small beer of oneself (idioma); swagger. +tákabbirlik n. 1) swaggering, presumption; haughtiness; 2) swagger, self-conceit. +táklip n. 1.invitation (jazba); invitation card; birewdiń táklibine bola on smb.'s invitation; ~ etiw to invite; bir kese chayǵa ~ etiw to invite round for a cup of tea; awqatqa ~ etiw to invite yamasa to ask to dinner; bir partiya shaxmat oynawǵa ~ etiw to invite to a game of chess; qonaqlardı otırıwǵa ~ etiw to ask the guests to sit down, yamasa to take a seat; oyınǵa~ etiw to ask to a dance; to ask smb. to dance; 2.engagement (jumısqa); jumısqa ~ etiw to engage; to offer work, to offer a job. +tákrarlaw I v. 1) repeat; say it again; 2) reiterate (qayta-qayta); 3) repeat oneself.
II n. 1.1) repetition; 2) reiteration; 2. a. recapitulation (attr.); recapitulative; ~ kursı recapitulation course. +tálim n. education, teaching, study; training; ~ alıw to study; ~ beriw to teach. +táliymat n. teaching; doctrine; belief, dogma. +tálim-tárbiya n. education; upbringing; training. +támiynlew I v. 1.provide (with); supply (with); shiyki zatqa bolǵan talaptı ~ to meet the requirements in raw materials; 2.secure, ensure; assure; pútin jer-júzinde paraxatshılıqtı ~ to ensure world peace; paraxat miynetti ~ to safeguard the peaceful labor (of); tabıstı ~ to ensure, yamasa to pave the way for success; orınlawdı ~ to ensure the fulfillment (of); awıl xojalıq óndirisiniń jánede rawajlanıwın ~ to secure a further rise in agriculture; 3.(material jaǵınan) provide (for); ol jaqsı támiynlengen he is well provided for; 4. ásk. safeguard, protect. I n. 1) guaranteeing, securing, ensuring; tınıshlıqtı hám qáwipsizlikti ~ safeguarding of peace and security; 2) (garantiya) guarantee, guaranty; security; 3) maintenance (turıs ushın kerekli nárseler menen); sociallıq ~ social maintenance; providing (with); provision (with); zavodtı otın menen ~ providing the factory with fuel; 4) (materiallıq jaǵınan támiynlengenlik) material well-being, material security; prosperity; xojalıqtıńtámiynlengenligi the material well-being of a family; 5) ásk. security; protection. +táminat n. 1) guaranteeing, securing, ensuring; maintenance; sociallıq ~ social maintenance. +tán a. particular, special; inherent (to); ózine ~ yumor menen with his habitual humor; ~ bolǵan peculiarity; <> janı táni menen heart and soul. +tánbi n. bolt. +tándar a. brisk, cheerful; ~ ǵarrı, ~ shal hale old man. +tánepis n. interruption; break; intermission; interval; on minutqa ~ ten minutes interval; túski ~ (awqatqa) dinner break; jazǵı ~ (jumısta, oqıwda) summer recess; altı kúnlik ~ten keyin (jıynalısta, ushırasıwda) after a six-day recess, after an adjournment of six-days; ~siz without interruption, without intermission; ~ penen off and on. +tánhá adv. ~ ózi one, alone, lonely. +táńir n. god, heaven; lord; way ~imay! by heaven!, good heavens! +tárbiya n. 1) education, upbringing (bala); training; miynetke ~ physical training; massalıq ~ education of the masses; 2) breeding, good breeding. +tárbiyalıq a. educational, educative; ~ jumıs educational work; <> ~ úy awız. foundling hospital. +tárbiyalanıw v. be brought up. +tárbiyalanıwshı n. pupil; boys, girls; alumni (amer.); balalar úyinde ~ inmate of a Children's Home. +tárbiyalaw v. 1) bring up; educate; rear; balanı miynetke ~ to bring up a child to respect work; yamasa to hold work in respect; 2) train (smb. to be smb.); educate (smb. to be smb.); 3) foster, cultivate; balanıń watandı súyiwshiligin ~ to bring up a child to love its country. +tárbiyalı a. 1) brought up, educated, trained; 2) well-bred, courteous; minezi shep ~ ill-bred, rude. +tárbiyashı n. educator, master, tutor; ~ hayal tutoress; onıń ~sı úlken aǵasıedi he was brought up by his elder brother; ol jaqsı ~ he is a good educator; ~ (hayal-muǵallim) teacher, mistress; governess (jeke úyde). +tárezi n. scales, balance; ~niń pállesi scale. +tárep n. 1) side, direction; 2) country; biz ~te in our country. +tárepdar n. supporter; tınıshlıq ~ları champions of peace. +táreples n. q. tárepdar. +táretxana n. q. tualet. +táriz n. kind, manner, way. +tárip n. description. +táriplew v. describe. +tártip I n. 1) order; 2) agenda, order of the day; 3) rule, system.
II n. discipline; miynet tártibi labor discipline. +tártiplew v. put in order, make (in) order. +tártipli a. 1) disciplined; 2) regulated; regular; 3) well-bred, courteous. +tártipsiz a. 1) disorderly; irregular; 2) undisciplined; 3) ill-bred, rude. +tásbir n. description; picture, drawing. +táselle ~ beriw to console, to comfort, to calm. +tásil n. cunning, slyness, guile, craft; ruse; stratagem. +tásir n. 1) influence, effect; 2) impression; ~ alıw (~leniw) to get the impression; kúshli~ sharp impression; kos. atmosferalıq ~ atmospheric braking; 3) wagging; prevarication; shuffling, equivocation; ~in tiygiziw to wag; to hedge, shuffle, equivocate. +tásirleniw v. 1) be impressed, be under the influence; 2) have an influence (on, upon). +tásirli a. influential. +táwekel n. risk; ~ qılıw (etiw) to risk; to run (take) the risk (of); to venture. +táwir ~ bolıw to be well; recover. +teatr n. theatre; play-house; opera ~ opera-house; ~ hám kino stage and screen; ~ǵa barıw to go to the theatre; ~da bolıw to be at the theatre; ~ tolı boldı the house was full. +tebiw v. kick. +tebreniw v. rock, swing, shake, stagger. +tegin a. free, charge, gratis. +tegislew v. 1) smooth (out, over, away), flatten. +tegis n. plain, smooth, flat, even; ~ jol smooth road; ~ emes unequal, uneven. +tegisleniw v. become flat (plain). +tegislik n. plane; kos.orbita tegisligi plane; ekvator tegisligi astr. plane of equator. +tejemli a. economical, thrifty. +tejew v. save, economize. +tez 1. a. quick, fast, swift; ~de soon, quickly; ~ bol be quick; 2. adv. quickly, swiftly; ~-~den quite frequently; fairly often. +tezis n. thesis(pl. -es), yamasa theses. +tezleniw n. fiz., kos. acceleration; ortasha ~ average acceleration; bas-ayaq baǵıtına ~ downward acceleration. +tezlestirilgen a. forced; ~ marsh ásk. forced march. +tezlestiriw I v. speed up; force.
II n. speeding up, forcing. +tezletiw v. hasten; quicken, accelerate; speed up; force. +tezlew v. make haste, hurry, hasten. +tezlik n. speed; fiz. velocity; baslanǵısh (dáslepki) ~ initial velocity; ses tezligi speed of sound; jaqtılıqtıń tezligi speed of light; aqırǵı~ kos.final velocity; baǵdarlawdıń tezligi speed of response; hawa keńisliginde ushıwtezligi drag-free velocity. +tek I n. origin; birth, parentage, descent; lineage.
II adv. quietly; ~ otırıw sit still. +teke n. he-goat, goat. +tekseriw I v. check, control, examine, test; dápter~ to correct copy-books.
II n. check, check-up, control; examination; verification; avtomatika járdeminde ~ automatic check; teskeri ~ conversion check; is mapazında (waqtında)~ running check, current check; dárejesin belgilew ushın ~ diagnostic check; qáteniń esabın belgilew ushın ~ error check; eksperimental ~ experimental check; mashina járdeminde ~ machine check; aldın-ala ~ pre-check; (tańlap) saylap ~ selection check. +tekseriwshi n. inspector; inquirer, interrogator, investigator. +tekst n. text; (muzıkada) words pl. +tekshe n. shelf. +táwmet n. slander; calumny; aspersion; libel (upon); birewge ~ etiw to cast aspersions on smb. +televizor n. television set; TV set; ~ sáwlesinde on television. +telegramma n. telegram; wire; cable; asıǵıslıq ~ express telegram, lightning cable; ~ jiberiw to send a telegram; ~ arqalı birewdi shaqırıw to wire (to telegraph) for smb. +telegraf n. 1) telegraph; provodsız ~ wireless telegraphy; ~ arqalı by telegraph; by wire; by cable; birewdi ~ arqalı shaqırıw to wire (to telegraph) for smb.; to cable for smb. (amer.); 2) (mekeme) telegraph office; 3) ~ penen xabarlaw to telegraph, to wire, to cable; maǵan ~ penen xabarla! wire me, send me a wire, cable me, please!; 4) ~ xızmetkeri telegraphist; telegrapher (amer.); telegraphic; telegraph (attr.); ~ stolbası telegraph-pole, telegraph-post; ~ adresi telegraphic address; ~ lentası telegraph tape; ~ stili telegraphic style; ~ xabarları telegraphic message. +telek n. store-room, box-room, lumber-room, larder, pantry; granary. +teleskop n. 1.telescope; bashnyalıq ~tower telescope; 2. a. telescopic; telescope (attr.). +telefon n. 1.telephone; phone; qala aralıq ~ trunk-line; dala ~ı ásk. portable telephone set; ~ arqalı sóylesiw to speak on (over) the telephone (phone); birewdi ~nan shaqırıw to telephone, to phone (to) smb., to ring smb. up; to call to the (tele)phone; ~nan shaqırıq telephone call; qala aralıq~nan shaqırıq trunk-call; bir nárseni ~nan xabarlaw to telephone smth.; ~ǵa keliw to answer the (tele)phone; ~daǵı men (tıńlap turǵan men) hullo; siziń úyińizde ~ barma? have you a telephone at home?; 2. a. telephone (attr.), telephonic; ~ stanciyası telephone exchange; ~ trubkası (telephone) receiver; ~ budkası telephone box, public call-box; telephone booth (amer.); ~ (lar diziminiń) kitabı telephone directory; ~nan sóylesiw telephone conversation. +telefon-avtomat n. automatic telephone; dial telephone; public telephone. +telefonlastırıw n.(telefon ornatıw) installing of telephones; awıldı (awılǵa telefon ornatıw) ~ installing of the telephones in villages. +telefonogramma n. (telefon arqalı berilgen rásmiy xabar) telephone message, (tele)phoned telegram. +telefotoapparat n. long-range camera. +telefotografiya n. telephotography. +telefonshı n. telephone operator, telephonist, telephone-girl. +telmiriw v. stare, gaze. +telpek n. cap; teri ~ fur cap. +tema n. theme, subject; topic; ~nıń bası title; ~dan sırtqa shıǵıw to wander (yamasa to deviate) from the subject; variaciyaları bar ~ muz. theme and variations. +tematika n. (tema jıynaǵı) subjects pl.; themes pl. +tematikalıq I a. 1) subject (attr.); ~ plan (long-term) plan of subjects, (long-term) plan of themes; 2) muz. thematic.
II a. lingv. thematic. +tembr n. muz. (hawazdıń sapası) timbre; jaǵımlı ~ mellow timbre; ashshı ~ harsh timbre. +temeki n. tobacco. +temir 1.n. iron; quyılǵan~ pig-iron; <> ~di qızǵanda soq (tandırdı qızǵanda jap) (Maqal) strike while the iron is hot; 2. a. ferrous, ferrous; ~ káni iron-stone; iron-ore; ~ jıltıraǵı hematite; ~ kuporosı copperas, green vitriol; ~ atlama latch; ~ buyım iron monger, hardware; ~ lom scrap-iron; ~ jol railway; railroad (amer.); ~ jol seti network of railway lines; ~ jol menen by rail, by train; <> ~dey qattı erk iron will; ~ tártip iron discipline; ~ perde the iron curtain; ~ qazıq n. pole-star. +temirshi n. fitter; blacksmith. +temperatura n. temperature; joqarı ~ high temperature; tómen ~ low temperature; onıń ~sı bar he has got a fever; ~nı ólshew to take one's temperature; atmosferanıń joqarı qatlamınıń ~sı upper air temperature; dógerektegi ortalıqtıń ~sı ambient temperature; qálpine (qáddine) keltirilgen ~ recovered temperature. +tentek n. fool, stupid person. +tentirew v. wander, roam, ramble (piyada); tentirep júriw to be on the tramp, wander, rove. +tentireklew v. stagger. +tennis n. 1.(lawn) tennis; stol ~i table tennis; ping-pong; ~oynaw to play tennis; 2. a. (attr.)~ maydanı, ~ kortı tennis-court; ~ raketkası (tennis) racket; ~ tobı tennis-ball. +tennisshi n. tennis-player. +teń a. 1.equal; 2. adv. on a level (with); equally; on equal footing; just as; basqalar menen ~ as others; alongside with others. +teńge n. coin. +teńiz n. sea; astr.aydaǵı ~ "sea" on the moon; aydın ~the open sea; the high seas pl.; ~ge shıǵıw to put to sea; ~ arqalı ketiw to go by sea; aydın ~de on the open sea; ~diń jaǵasında by sea; by the seaside; ~diń arǵı jaǵasında oversea(s), (over) beyond the sea; ~diń arjaǵınan from over sea countries. +teńizshi n. sailor, mariner, sailorman. +teńleme n. mat. equation. +teńlew v. 1) equalize (with, to); equate; 2) mat. equate. +teńlik n. equality; ~ belgisi mat. the sign of equality; ~ jaǵdayında on an equality with. +teorema n. mat. theorem; ~nı anıqlaw prove a theorem. +teoretik n. theorist. +teoriya n. theory; kos. planetalıq orbitalar ~sı planetary orbit theory; fiz. jaqtılıqtıń tolqınlıq ~sı wave theory of light; oraylıq kúshler~sı central force theory; xabarlaw ~sı information theory. +teoriyalıq a. theoretical. +teperish 1.a. active; 2.n. activist. +tepki n. kick. +teplica n. 1.hothouse, greenhouse, conservatory; 2.a. ~ eginleri hothouse plant; ~ palız egindarshılıq hot-house market-gardening. +teplovoz n. diesel locomotive. +teploxod n. motor ship, vessel. +ter n. sweat. +tergew v.investigate, question. +tergewshi n. investigator, interrogator. +terbetiw v.sway, rock; swing. +tereze n. window; casement-window; jaydıń iyt-arqasınıń ~si dormer (-window); ~siz windowless. +terek n. poplar; qara ~black poplar. +tereklik n. grove . +tereń a. 1.1) deep; (dáryanıń, teńizdiń) deep-water; ~ bomba teń. depth-charge; 2) geol. abyssal, hypogene; 3) deep, profound; ~tarelka soup-plate; ~ pechat poligr. deep print; ~ qayǵı deep sorrow; ~ (qattı) uyqı deep sleep; ~ bilim profound (thorough) knowledge; ~ suwlı deep-water (attr.); deep-sea (attr.); bul jer ~ it is deep here; ~ oylanıp thoughtfully, with a thoughtful air; with a wise air, looking (very) wise. +tereńlew v.become deep. +tereńlik n. 1) depth; dem alıw tereńligi respiration depth; tereńligi on metr at a depth of ten meters; tórt metr ~ke four meters deep; tereńligin ólshew to sound the depth (of), to plumb fathom; ~ sezim intensity of feeling; depth of feeling; 2) (toǵay, el haqqında) heart; (zal haqqında) interior; <> júrektiń ~ tórinen at heart, in one's heart, of hearts; júrektiń ~ tórine shekem to the bottom of one's heart, from the bottom of one's soul; shın júrekten with all one's heart, with one's whole heart. +teri n. 1.skin (adamdiki hám haywanatlardıń terisi); hide (iri haywandiki); anat. cutis; slough (jılandiki); 2.leather (material); qalıń~ shabrack. +terim n. harvest, collection, cotton-picking; ~ mashinası (cotton) picking machine. +terimshi n. (cotton-) picker. +teris a. negative; opposed, opposite; contrary; ~ juwap negative answer. +teriw v. collect, pick, gather, harvest; paxta ~ to pick cotton. +terletiw v.1) sweat; 2) to make someone sweat. +terletpe n. q. súzek. +terlew v.1.sweat; perspire; 2.become misty, be damp, be covered with steam; tereze terlep turıptı the windows are damp (misty), the windows are covered with steam. +terme n. combined; ~ komanda combined team. +termin n. term. +terminologiya n. lingv. terminology. +termometr n. thermometer; Celsiy ~i centigrade; Reomyur, Farengeyt ~i Reaumur, Fahrenheit thermometer; medicina ~i clinical thermometer; keselge ~ qoyıw to take a patient's temperature. +termos n. thermos; flask; vacuum flask. +territoriya n. territory. +terror n. terror; ~ jasaw to terrorize. +terrorlıq n. terrorism. +terrorshı n. terrorist. +terisine adv. contrary; on the contrary; in spite (of); in defiance (of). +tesik n. (kishkene tesik yamasa jarıq) 1) chink (a narrow opening); ~ten qaraw to look through a chink; 2) hole, crack. +tesiw v. make, punch a hole (in); (oq haqqında) pierce, go through. +teskeri a. adv. reverse (side), vice versa, on the contrary. +tetik a. healthy. +tetrad n. writing-book; exercise book (mekteptiki); note-book; copy-book (kóshirip jazıw ushın); chernovoy ~ rough note-book, súwret ~ drawing-book, sketch-book; nota ~ music book; juwap jazatuǵın ~ answer book (answer key); citata ushın ~ commonplace book; shınıǵıw ~ composition book, exercise book. +texnik n. technician; tis ~ dental mechanic. +texnika n. 1) techniques pl.; technics pl.; technique; qáwipsizlik ~sı safety engineering, safety arrangements pl.; eń aldınǵı ~ negizinde on the basis of higher techniques; ilim hám~ science and engineering; 2) (qollanıw usılı) technique; ~nı meńgeriw (biliw) to master the technique; 3) (qurallanıw, engiziw) (technical) equipment; machinery; jawınger ~ military equipment; weapons and equipment pl.; kos. kosmoslıq ~ space technology; raketa ~sı rocketry. +texnikalıq a. technical; ~ termin technical term; ~ bilim technical education; ~ progress technological progress; ~ eginler a. x. technical crops, industrial crops; ~ ilimler technical sciences. +texnikum n. technical school. +texnolog n. technologist. +texnologiya n. technology. +texnologiyalıq a. technological. +tigiliw v. gaze, stare (at); tigilip qaraw to fix; to fix one's eyes; gaze, stare. +tigis n. 1) stitch, seam; 2) xir. suture, stitch; 3) tex. joint, junction; ~in alıw xir. to take out (he stitches). +tigiw I v. 1) sew (sewed, sewn); 2) xir. suture, stitch; mashina menen ~ to sew on a machine.
II n. 1.sewing; 2. a.~ mashinası sewing machine; stitcher. +tigiwshi n. tailor, dressmaker; seamstress (hayal); ~ bolıw to be a tailor. +tiyis mod. w. necessary; ol jerge barıw ~ it is necessary to go there. +tiyindi mat. quotient. +tiyisli a. belonging (to); concerning, corresponding. +tiyiw v. 1.touch (upon), be caught (in); brush against; birewdiń namısına ~ to wound smb.'s self-esteem; hurt smb.'s feelings; 2.get married; marry. +tiykar n. base, bases, foundation; usı ~da on these grounds; ~ salıwshı founder; ~ın salıw to base. +tiykarǵı a. fundamental; basic, principal; ~ zań basic law. +tiyqarǵısı n. main point; gist; essence. +tiykarınan adv. on the whole; in the main, basically, in general. +tiykarında adv. essentially. +tik n. steep; ~ jar rock. +tikenek n. q. tiken. +tiken n. 1) thorn, prickle; burr; splinter; 2) zool. stickleback, tittlebat (balıqtiki);~ sım barbed wire; ~ sımnan (islengen) qorǵan prickly hedge; <> tikensiz gúl bolmas (Maqal) there is no rose without a thorn. +tikenli a. thorny. +tikireytiw v.qulaǵın~to move the ears. +tikke a. straight, upright, erect; ~ alǵa júriw to go straight forward. +tikkeley adv. immediately, directly. +tiklew v. 1) put straight, put vertically; 2) restore; renew. +tiktiriw v. cause (ask, order) to sew; to have something sewed (sewn). +til n. 1) tongue; ana ~ mother tongue, native tongue; <> ~imniń ushında tur it is on the tip of my tongue; 2) language; shet ~i foreign language; anglichan ~i English, the English language; oqıtıw alıp barılatuǵın ~ language of instruction; algoritmlıq ~ algorithmic language; kod ~i code language; ım ~ finger language; baslawısh mekteptegi shet ~ Foreign Languages in Elementary Schools (FLES); flektivlik ~inflected language; ortalıq ~ intermediate language; mashina ~i machine language; házirgi shet ~ Modern Foreign language (MFL); jazba ~ written language; awızeki ~spoken (oral) language; programmalıq ~ programming language; ekinshi ~ second language; tiykarǵı ~ source language; target language; <> tilge sheshen iske meshel (Maqal) the tongue of idle persons is never idle. ~ alǵısh a. obedient. +tilalmaytuǵın a. disobedient. +tilek n. will; wish (for), desire (for), longing (for), hunger (for); itch (for) (shıdamastay) siziń tilegińiz boyınsha at your wish, in accordance with your desire; meniń ózimniń tilegim boyınsha at my own will, at my own pleasure; júdá tilegi menen to burn with the desire, to burn; ~ bildiriw to conceive a wish; tilegine qarsı against one's will; tilegin qanaatlandırıw to meet smb.'s wishes; ol siziń tilegińiz benen esaplasadı (ol siziń tilegińizdi esapqa aladı) he will consult your wishes; olar ol (sol) jaqta jumıs islewge ~ bildirdi they volunteered to work there, they expressed a wish to work there. +tilekles a. solidary, unanimous. +tilekleslik n. 1) solidarity, unanimity; ~ penen unanimously; 2) coexistence, concordance. +tileniw v. beg, ask. +tilew v. 1) wish, desire; 2) beg. +tiliw v. cut, slice, saw. +tilla n. q. altın. +tilsimshi n. (kózboyawshı) magician, sorcerer; sorceress; enchantress, charmer. +tilshi n. linguist, philologist. +tipografiya n. typography; printing-house, press; qol jazbanı ~ǵa jiberiw to send a MS (a manuscript) to press; úlgili ~ (atı) The First Model Press. +tipografiyalıq a. 1) typographic(al); 2) ~óner typography. +tir n. shooting-range, shooting-gallery (ekranlı). +tiraj n. 1) poligr. circulation; (kitap haqqında) edition (of so many copies); 2) drawing (zayom hám t. b. lar haqqında); ~da bolıw (bir ~dıń partiyasında bolıw) to be drawn; bul obligaciya ~da bar edi this bond has been drawn. +tirajlı kóp ~ voluminous; in many volumes. +tirek n. citadel; prop, support; stronghold; tınıshlıqtıń tiregi stronghold of peace. +tiri a. living, live (attr.), alive (predic); ~ bolsam as long as I live; máńgige ~ ever-living; barlıq ~ler (janlı maqluqlar) every living thing, all flesh, man and beast; ~ hám deni saw safe and sound; ~til living language; ~ gúller natural flowers; ~tábiyat animate nature; <> ~ kóz bright (sparkling) eyes; ~qalıw to survive (to escape) with one's life; to come through awız.; ~de emes ólide emes (qorqınıshtan) paralysed with fear; ~me to the life, true to life; bir de ~ jan joq not a living soul; ~inventar live-stock; ~ jerin qaldırmaw to beat smb. to pulp. +tiriliw v. come to life. +tiriley adv. alive, vividly. +tirishe a. lively; ~ bala lively child; animate; brisk, wide awake; vivacious; ~lik kórsetiw: to take (to show) betray a keen, lively interest in smth. +tirishilik n. existence; jer atmosferasınan sırttaǵı ~ kos. astr. extraterrestrial life. +tirkew v. hitch (to), hook (on, to); couple (to); tie on (to) (parovozdı); make fast (to). +tirkelisiw n. kosmosta ~ docking. +tirsek n. elbow. +tis n. tooth; sút ~ milk-tooth; azıw ~ molar; aqıl ~ wisdom tooth; gúrek ~ eye-tooth, canine tooth; qozǵalıp turǵan~ loose tooth; salınǵan ~ler artificial (false) teeth; <> ~ tırnaǵına shekem qurallanǵan armed to the teeth; ~tiń arasınan through clenched teeth; onıń tisi tisine tiymeyqaltıraydı his teeth are chattering; ~ti (alıw) suwırıw to extract a tooth; qarsı ~in qayraw to have a grudge against smb., to bear smb. a grudge; 2.a. dental, tooth (attr.); ~ awırıw toothache; ~ vrach dentist; ~ texnik dental mechanic; ~ protezi denture; artificial tooth (aq súyekten); ~ shyotkası tooth-brush; ~ pastası tooth-paste; ~ poroshogi tooth-powder; 3.lingv. dental; ~ dawıslı dental consonant. +tislew v. bite (bit, bit); sting; bite off (bóleklep-bóleklep); nibble; bir-birin ~ to bite each other; <> barmaǵın ~ to bite one's nails. +tissiz a. gap-toothed, toothless. +tif med. typhus; juqpalı ~ typhoid (enteric) fever; typhoid; áspili ~ (súzek) typhus, spotted fever; qaytalaw (~) relapsing fever. +toba n. gift; ~ etiw to take the pledge. +tobıq n. ankle; <> dárya tassa, tobıǵına kelmes (Maqal) devil-may-care attitude; he doesn't care a straw. +tovar n. goods; wares pl.; article; ek. commodity; ótimli ~ marketable goods pl., salable goods pl.; popular articles pl.; ~ partiyası a consignment (of goods); azıq awqat ~ları foodstuffs; sanaat ~ları manufactured goods. +toǵay n. 1) forest, wood; 2) brushwood, thicket; tiken japıraqlı ~ coniferous forest, coniferous wood; japıraqlı ~ leaf-bearing forest, leaf-bearing wood; aralas ~ mixed forest, mixed wood; súrilgen ~, awdarılǵan ~ forest of bayonets; qalıń ~ heart of the forest, thick of the forest; depth of the forest. +toǵız num. card, nine; ~ júz nine hundred. +toǵızınshı num. ord. ninth; ~ may, iyun the ninth of May, June; ~ bet, ~ bap page, chapter nine; ~ nomer number nine. +tozańlanıw n. kos.atomization. +tozdırıw I v. wear out.
II n. wear; buyımdı ~ , quraldı ~ to wear and tear of equipment. +tozıw I v. 1) disperse; get scattered; 2) wear out; be used up; be played out.
II n. wear; tex. wear and tear. +toy n. feast, banquet; awız. merry-meeting; ~ etiw, ~ jasaw to feast, to banquet; wedding (úyleniw); circumcision party, feast. +toydırıw v. 1) satiate, sate; 2) xim. saturate. +toyıw v. 1) eat one's fill, be quite full, eat to satiety; 2) be bored, be tired (of) (zerigiw). +tok n. current; joqarı voltlı ~ high-tension current; hawa ~i air current; joqarı chastotalı ~ high-frequency current; ~tı ashıw to switch on the current. +toq I a. 1) satisfied, replete (with); ishim ~ I am full up (awız.) I am satisfied; I am fed up; 2) dense (reń).
II n. awız. q. tok. +toqlıq n. 1.satiety, satiation, repletion; 2. toyǵan~ to satiety. +toqpaq n. a. x. (túyeklew ushın) flail. +toqsan num. card, ninety; ~ bir ninety-one, etc.; ~ birinshi ninety-first; ~ jıl ninety years; ~jaslı ninety year(s) old; ~ jıl burın ninety years ago; ol ~da (yamasa ol ~ jasta, ol ~nında) he is (looks) about ninety; ol ~lar shamasında he is about ninety; ol ~ǵa kelip qaldı he is nearly ninety; ol ~nan asıp ketti he is over ninety, he is in his nineties; ~ jasar (adam) a man of (about) ninety; ~ kilometrlikte ninety kilometers (from). +toqsanınshı num. ord. ninetieth. +toqtam n. 1) stop, halt; 2) conclusion, inference. +toqtatıw v. stop; cause to stop; bring to stop; rein, pull up (attı júwen menen); jaradardıń qanın (qan aǵıwın) ~ to stop a wound; kóshe háreketin ~ to bring traffic to a standstill; názerin ~ to rest one's gaze (on). +toqtaw v. 1) stop, come to a stop; stand still; pause; pull up (ekipaj hám avtomobil haqqında); birden ~ to stop short (head); qolǵa kirizilgen jetiskenliklerde hesh qashan toqtamaw (marapatlanbaw) never stop at what has been accomplished; 2) put up (at), stop (at); ol miymanxanada toqtadı he put up at a hotel; 3) (dokladta, sóz sóylegende t. b.) dwell (on); ayrıqsha toqtap ótiw to dwell at length (on); máselede ~ to dwell on the question; <> tasta turmas stop at nothing. +toqtawsız adv. continuously, without a break, uninterrupted. +toqımashılıq n. tekst. textile, weaving; ~ kombinatı textile mill. +toqıw v. tekst. weave (wove, woven). +toqıwshı n. weaver; textile-worker. +tola a. full, whole, complete, perfect; stout, corpulent, plump. +tolqın n. wave; kos. ballistikalıq ~ ballistic wave. +tolqınlanıw v. wave. +toltırıw I v. 1) fill; gaz ~to fill with gas, to inflate; toltırıp jiberiw to load; 2) flood (with); over run (with); bazardı ~ to flood the market (with).
II n. filling; inflation. +tolı a. filled, full; ~ǵı menen adv. absolutely; quite. +tomar n. 1) root; 2) stump, stub. +tompaq a. thick. +ton n. robe (national coat); sheep-skin; <> biytke ókpelep tonıńdı otqa salma (Naqıl) burn not your house to rid it of the mouse; <> boyıńa qarap ton pish (Maqal) cut your coat according to your cloth. +tonaw q. talaw. +tonawshı n. robber. +tolıq a. full, filled completely, perfect, absolute, complete. +tolıqlawısh n. gram. object; tuwrı ~ direct object; qıya~ indirect object. +tolıw v. fill with, fulfill; plan toldı the plan is fulfilled; jas penen ~ to fill, yamasa to be suffused with tears. +tom n.volume. +tonna n. ton; registrlıq ~ register ton; metrlik ~ metric ton. +tonometr n. kos.tonometer. +tonometriya n. kos.tonometry. +tonograf n. kos.tonograph. +tońıw v. 1) freeze, feel cold; be frozen; 2) be cold. +top I n. ball; futbol tobı football; tennistiń tobı tennis-ball; ~ oynaw to play ball.
II n. group, heap, crowd; ~lanǵan zat hoard. +topalań n. noise, quarrel, bustle, turmoil. +topan n. hurricane, tornado. +topar n. group; heap; bir ~ adam a group of people; ~lasıp jasaw to hive. +toparlaw v.divide into groups. +toplanıw v. gather, come up. +toplam n. ertekler yamasa shıǵarmar ~ı collected stories; selection of stories. +toplaw v. collect gather; heap, hoard. +toppı n. scull-cap (embroidered). +topshı n. (artillerist) artilleryman. +topılıs n. raid, inroad, foray. +topılıw v. raid; attack, assault. +topıraq n. soil, ground, earth; ónimli ~ rich (fertile) soil; <> ~ǵın bir jerden alǵan one of our kind. +topıraqlı a. 1) earthy; 2) dusty. +tor n. net; meshes, toils; balıqshılıq ~ı fishnet; sım ~ wire net; ~ǵa túsiw to fall into a net, to be caught in a net; ~dı jayıw to set (to lay, to spread) nets. +toray n. piggy, piggy wiggy. +toraq n. brynza, sheep cheese. +torǵay n. (poshsha ~, boz ~) (sky) lark. +torlı a. stringed. +tormoz n. brake; obstacle (in), hindrance (to), drag (on); hawa~ airbrake; avtomat ~ (poezdiki) continuous brake; otkat ~ı ásk. buffer, recoil brake; ~ bolıw (rawajlanıwǵa tiyisli) to become a drag (on), to become a hindrance, yamasa an obstacle, yamasa an impediment (to); ~ beriw to apply the brake (to), to brake; to hamper, hinder, to impede, to be a drag (on), to be an obstacle (to), to be an obstacle in the way (of); ~ beretuǵın konduktor brakes man, brakes-woman; ~ maydanshası brake platform; ~ kranı stopcock, brakes cock. +torsıldaq n. swimming-bladder. +torta n. zool. young sheet-fish. +torf n. peat; ~ shıǵarıw to peat extraction, to peat exploitation. +tosań a. slow, week, slack, lifeless. +tosattan adv. suddenly, abruptly, all of a sudden. +tosqın n. hindrance, bar, barrier, obstacle; ~ bolıw to become a drag (on), to become a hindrance, yamasa an obstacle. +tosqınlıq n. obstacle, hindrance; ~ qılıw to prevent (from), to hinder (from); to hamper, to impede, to be a drag (on), to be an obstacle (to), to be an obstacle in the way (of). +tosqınshı n. robber, highwayman. +tosqınsız a. free, without obstacles. +tosıw v. hinder. +totı n. parrot. +tochka n. 1) point; dot, spot; kesisiw ~sı point of intersection; qaynaw ~ sı boiling-point; tońıw ~sı (yamasa qatıw ~) freezing-point; tayanısh ~sı fiz. fulcrum (pl. -ra); tex. bearing; footing; gózew ~sı ásk. aiming point; aiming mark; point of aim; jawdıń oq atıw ~sı ásk. weapon emplacement; sawda ~sı shop; jer sharınıń hár-bir ~sında every spot on the globe; kos. ushırıw ~sı point of origin; firing point; 2) gram. full stop; útirli ~ semicolon; 3) muz. dot; tórtinshi dawıs tolqınınıń ~sı a dotted crotchet rest; <> ~ǵa túsiw to hit the nail strike home, to hit the mark; shegine shekem jetiw to be at the end of one's tether (resources); óz-ara túsinisiw ~ları point of contact; common meeting-ground; ~ qoyıw (tamamlaw) to finish; ústine ~ qoyıw (anıqlaw) to dot the i's and cross the t's. +tóbe n. hill, a small mountain, slope; hillock, top; tóbeshiktiń ~si hilltop. +tóbeles n. scuffle, fight; brawl; (qural menen) fray. +tóbelesiw v. fight (with); kóshede tóbelesip atır there is a fight (scuffle) in the street; mush penen ~ to box, to spar; ol birdeyine tóbelesedi he is always beating somebody. +tóbelestiriw v. cause to fight (to box, to spar). +tóbeshik n. hill, top. +tóbeshikli a. hilly. +tógin n. a. x. fertilizer; jergilikli, mádeniy ~ natural, artificial fertilizer; ~ beriw to fertilize. +teginleniw v. a. x. fertilized. +tóginlew I v. a. x. fertilize, manure.
II n. a. x. fertilization; manuring. +tógiw v. pour; shed (tears) (kóz jasın). +tózim n. q.shıdam. +tózimli a. q.shıdamlı. +tól n. widow (hayal); widower (erkek). +tóletiw v. cause to pay; make smb. pay. +tólew I v. pay.
II n. pay, payment, free due. +tómen a. low, bottom. +tómengi a. following, next; the next, under mentioned. +tómenlew v. descend; discount, alight. +tóńkeris n. coup, revolution, overturn. +tóńkeriw v. turn over, invert; bochkanı ~ to turn the barrel over. +tońqıldaw v. whimper, snivel; complain. +tóre n. master; dignitary. +tórt num. card, four; ~ten bir one four; ~ jasar a four years old; ol ~inekirdi he is in his fourth year. +tórtew num. card. four (of). +tórtinshi num. ord. fourth; ~ yanvar, fevralt. b. the fourth of January, February, etc.; (January, February etc. the fourth); ~ bap, ~ bet chapter, page four; ~ nomer number four. +tórtkúl n. quadrangle square. +tórtkúlli a. quadrangular. +tós n. breastbone, sternum, brisket. +tósek n. 1.bed, mattress; nawqastıń tósegi a sick bed; ~te jatıw to be, to lie in bed; ~ salıw to make the bed; 2. a. bed (attr.); kórpe-~ bedding sg.; ~rejimi confinement to bed. +tósew v. lay; spread. +tóte a. q. turı. +tótepki n. 1) self-control, self-mastery; self-restraint; 2) tenacity; staying power, endurance; ~ beriw to bear; sustain; stand, endure. +tragediya n. tragedy, misfortune. +tragediyalıq a. tragic; ~ aktyor tragic actor, tragedian; ~ aktrisa tragic actress, tragedienne; ~ kórinis (yamasa ~ hádiyse) tragic(al) sight; ~ jaǵdayǵaaylanıw to take a tragic turn, to become tragic. +tradiciya n. tradition; ~ boyınsha by tradition. +traktor n. 1.tractor; degershikli ~ wheeled tractor; gusenicalı ~ caterpillar tractor; hár qıylı jumıslar ushın arnalǵan ~ universal tractor, general purpose tractor; 2. a. tractor (attr.); ~dıń tartıw kúshi tractor-drawn. +traktorshı n. tractor-operator (driver). +tramvay n. 1) (jol) tram, tram-way, street railway (amer.); 2) (vagon) tram, tram-car; street-car, trolley-car (amer.); ~da júriw to go by tram; ~ǵa miniw to get on a tram, to take a tram; ~dan túsiw to get off the tram; ~dıń astınatúsiw (yamasa jıǵılıw) to be run over by a tram; dárya ~ı river tram; keshki ~ owl car (amer.); 3) a. tram (attr.); ~ bileti tram-ticket; ~ parki tram depot; street-car yard (amer.); ~ vagonı tram-car; street-car, trolley-car (amer.); ~dıń konduktorı tram conductor; ~ toqtaytuǵın jer tram stop; ~ jolı tram (-way); ~ relsi tram-lines. +transkripciya n. transcription; ~sın beriw to transcribe. +transport n. 1.transport; transportation; suw ~ı water transport; temir jol ~ı rail (way) transport; hawa ~ı air transport; teńiz ~ı sea transport; avtoshana ~ı road transport; qala ~ı urban transport; avtomobil ~ı motor transport; júk ~ı goods traffic; 2) ásk. transport, train; artilleriya ~ı train of artillery; 3) teń. (sudno) transport, supply ship; soldatlar ushın~ troop transport, troopship, troop-carrier. +trap n. 1.tex. trap; 2. teń. ladder, ship's ladder; aznadan sırttaǵı ~ accommodation ladder. +trener n. trainer, coach. +tribuna n. 1.tribune, platform, rostrum; ~ǵa shıǵıw to mount the platform, to mount the rostrum; 2. (stadionda) stand (for spectators). +tribunal n. tribunal. +trigonometriya n. mat. trigonometry; tuwrı ~ plane trigonometry; sferikalıq ~ spherical trigonometry. +trikotaj 1.n. tekst. 1) knitted wear; 2) stockinet knitted fabric; 2. a. stockinet (attr.), knitted; ~ zatları knitwear, knitted wear sg. knitted garments; ~ fabrikası knitted-goods factory. +trilogiya n. trilogy. +trio n. muz. trio. +triftong n. lingv. triphthong. +trolleybus 1.n. trolley-bus, trolley-car (amer.); 2. a. trolley-bus (attr.); ~liniyası trolley-bus route; ~ parki trolley-bus depot. +tropik n. 1.geogr. tropic; Rak ~sı tropic of Cancer; Kozerog ~sı tropic of Capricorn; 2. (el) the tropics. +truba n. 1) pipe; chimney (pechtiki); funnel, smokestack (paroxodtiki, parovozdiki); shılım ~sı tobacco pipe; factory chimney (fabrikaniki); 2) muz. trumpet; horn; ~ shertiw to blow the trumpet (the) horn (orkestrde). +trubka n. tube. +trusı n. pants, shorts; trunks, slips, bikinis. +tuba n. puddle, pool; creek, back-water. +tuberkulyoz med. 1.n. tuberculosis; 2. a. tubercular. +tuyǵı n. sense, feeling, scent. +tuqım n. 1) seed; stock; ~ı jaqsı (jaqsı ~nan) of good stock; 2) tribe; 3) pedigree. +tuqımlas a. kindred, related; congeneric; ~ xalıqar kindred nations; ~ tiller cognate (related) languages. +tuqımlıq n. bot. seed. +tuman n. q. duman. +tumar n. fetish. +tumaw n. cold (in the head); ~ tiyiw to catch cold. +tumawlaw v. catch cold. +tumsıq n. 1) beak; ~ tor (qap) muzzle; ~ tor (qap) kiygiziw to muzzle; 2) zool. trunk, proboscis; peck. +tundra n. tundra. +tunnel n. tunnel (piyadalar ushın); subway. +tuńǵısh a. firstborn, the eldest. +tur n. 1.turn (tancada) 2.round. +tura n. shaxm. rook, castle. +turbaza n. (turistlik baza); tourist centre (base); jaslardıń ~sı youth hostel. +turbat n. 1) face; sight; ~ın kóriw (serlew) to catch sight (of); 2) form, shape; 3) figure. +turbina n. tex. turbine. +turbogenerator tex. 1.n. turbogenerator; 2.a. turbo-generator (attr.); ~ zavodı turbogenerator works. +turǵızıw v. 1) raise (up); 2) wake up; 3) stand. +turizm n. tourism. +turist n. tourist; hiker (piyada). +turistlik a. tourist's, traveler's; travelling (ayrıqsha kostyum haqqında); ~baza tourist, centre (base); ~ sapar hike, walking tour; ~ lager tourist camp. +túrkmen 1.n. Turkmen; 2.a. ~ tili Turkmen, the Turkmen language. +turqı n. q. turbat. +turmıs n. life, existence; ~ keshiriw to begin to live, to live +turnik n. sport. horizontal-bar; cross-beam. +turnir n. sport. tournament; shaxmat ~i chess tournament. +turpayı a. 1) rough; impolite, rude; indecent; ~ islengen clumsy, unskillfully done (made). +turpayılıq n. 1) roughness, impoliteness, rudeness, indecency. +turpatlas a. 1) lingv. homonymous; homogeneous; 2) uniform, similar. +turıw v. 1) stand (stood, stood); ol úydiń qasında dostın kútip turdı he stood near the house waiting for his friend; 2) live, reside; ol shet jurtlarda kóp jıl dawamında turdı he lived abroad for several years; eger siz Londonǵa úsh ayǵa barsańız, qay jerde turasız? where will you reside if you go to London for three months? +turıwshı n. lodger, tenant (birewdikinde aqsha tólep ~). +tut n. mulberry; ~ aǵashlıǵı mulberry growth; ~ aǵashı mulberry (tree). +tuǵanaq n. fit, attack; paroxysm. +tutas ~ metalldan islengen a. all-metal; ~ metalldan islengen vagon all-metal car; ~ metalldan islengen dirijabl all-metal airship. +tutqa n. handle, knob, arm, grip (korzinaniki); door-handle; door-knob; haft; kos.basqarıw ~sı stick. +tutqın n. prisoner; ~ǵa alıw to take prisoner. +tutqınxana n. prison, jail; ~da in prison, in jail. +tutqır a. tenacious; ~ aqıl (ań) tenacious mind; ~ (es) tenacious memory. +tutlıǵıw v. stammer, stutter; eger ol ashıw menen sóylese mudamı tutlıǵadı he always stammers if he speaks with anger. +tutlıqpa n. stammerer, stutterer. +tutlıqpay adv. smoothly; fluently, without stammer. +tutılıw n. astr. eclipse; aydıń ~ı eclipse of the moon; kúnniń ~ı eclipse of the sun; kúnniń oraylıq~ central eclipse; tolıq ~ (ay, kún) total eclipse; dóńgelenip ~ ring eclipse. +tutıw v. catch, snatch, seize, hold, grab, snap (-at) (tiste); balıq ~ to fish. +tuw n. banner (polktiki) Colors pl.; color (amer.); standard (atlı áskerde); ~kóteriw to raise the banner; to raise the standard; ~ı menen, ~ı astında under the banner; ~dı joqarıuslaw to raise high the banner (of). +tuwra a. 1) straight, correct; 2) fight, just, fair. +tuwralı prep. about, on, of; bul ~ about it. +tuwraw v. cut, slice; break; geshirdi ~to cut the carrot. +tuwrı a., adv. 1) q.dúziw; 2) right, straight, direct(ly); 3) real, straight forward, frank; 4) a. sensible; ~ máni common sense. +tuwrılaw v. 1) straighten; 2) correct; 3) direct, rule. +tuwrılıq n. 1) straightness; 2) tightness, correctness; 3) honesty, integrity, frankness. +tuwshı n. flagman. +tuwılǵan a. ~ jer native place. +tuwılıw v. 1) be born; onıń úyinde bala (qız)~dı his wife has presented him with a son (a daughter); a son (a daughter) has been born to him; soqır (gereń) ~ to be born blind (deaf). 2) appear, occur. +tuwısqan 1.a. own; kindred; olar ~ balalar,qızlar they are brothers, sisters; bul onıń ~ dayısı, aǵası it is his own uncle, brother; 2.n. (~lar) relatives, relations; kinsfolk; meniń ~larım my people; 3.(my) dear, (my) darling. +tuwıw I v. give birth (to); bear;olul (qız) tuwdı she gave birth to a son (a daughter).
II n. 1) birth; delivery; 2) lambing (mal haqqında); qoylardıń ~ waqtı lambing-time. +tuxmet a. slander, libel. +tufli n. shoes, slippers (úyde kiyetuǵın); jabıq ~ lace-up shoes; laklengen~ patent-leather shoes; bal ~ (yamasa jıyınlıq ~) dancing slippers; pumps (erler ushın). +tush n. Indian ink. +tuyaq n. hoof. +túbi ~ne shekem to the bottom; to the root; ushınan ~ne shekem from top to bottom. +túbir n. 1) stump, stub; 2) root; ~inen suwırıw to room out; to tear up the roots, to uproot; to eradicate, extirpate; gram. root, stem. +túbit n. down. +túzetiw v. correct; regulate. +túye n. camel; eki órkeshli ~ two humped (Bactrian) camels; nar ~ one humped (Arabian) camel, dromedary. +túyequs n. zool. ostrich. +túyetawıq n. turkey, turkey cock (qorazı); turkey hen (mákeni). +túyin n. knot, bundle. +túyinshik n. bundle, small parcel, pack. +túyiw v. tie up, bind, fasten, knot. +túynek n. bot. ovary. +túyme n. button; ~ taǵıw to button. +túyrew v. (túyrep alıw) pin, fix. +túyrewish n. pin, tie-pin. +túk n. bristle, short (stiff) hair; túgi tebendey turıw to bristle, to stand like bristles, to stand erect. +túkirik n. 1) spittle; 2) (awız quwıslıǵı) sputum; 3) saliva. +túkiriw v. spit; spit (upon); <> suw ishken qudıǵıńa túkirme (Naqıl) never cast dirt into that fountain of which thou hast sometime drunk. +túkli a. bristly, bristling; shaggy-haired. +túlki 1.n. fox; 2.a. ~ teri fox fur. +túlkilik n. cunning, slyness; guile; craft; ~ etiw use cunning, be cunning (crafty). +tún n. night; ~de at night; kúni-túni days and nights; jeti ~de late at night; ~ boyı all night. +túngi a. night, nightly; ~ smena night shift. +túnek tas ~ dark, darkness. +túnew v. sleep, have a shelter, spend the night. +túp n. 1.bottom; ground; (teńizdiń) ~te at the bottom; túbine jetiw to touch bottom; túbine súńgiw to sink, to go to the bottom; túbine jiberiw to send to the bottom, to sink; <> túbine shekem ishiw to drink to the dregs; túbinenjoqarıǵa upside-down, topsy-turvy; 2. bes ~ alma five apple trees. +túpiriw v. q. túkiriw. +túplew I v. bind (kitap).
II n. book-cover; binding. +túplewshi n. bookbinder. +túpsiz a. 1) bottomless; 2) unbound. +túpten adv. quite, absolutely. +túr n. 1) kind, sort; 2) face. +túriw v. pull up, roll up, lift up, tuck up; jeńdi túrip iske kirisiw to roll up one's sleeves and set to work. +túrk n. Turk; ~ tili the Turkish language. +túrkiy a. Turkic. +túrles a. uniform, similar. +túrli hár ~ different, various. +túrlishe adv. differently, variously. +túrme n. prison, jail; ~de in jail. +túrp n. horse radish. +túrtiw v. push, shove, jog (tosattan). +tús I n. color.
II n. noon, midday; ~ten keyin in the afternoon.
III n. dream; ~ kóriw to dream, to have a dream; ~inde bir nárseler kóriw to dream about (that); <>~ kórgendey as if dreaming; ol bunı ~indedekórmedi he never dreamt of it. +túsindiriw v. explain, interpret. +túsinik n. explanation, interpretation; ~ beriw to explain. +túsinikli a. clear, intelligible; understandable. +túsiniksiz a. incomprehensible, unintelligible. +túsiniw v. understand, comprehend, realize. +túsinshe n. idea, notion, conception. +túsiriw v. 1) let down, get down, lower; down; let out; drop; pull down, draw down (perdeni); jalawdı ~ to lower a flag; 2) júk ~ to load; 3) launch (kemeni suwǵa túsiriw). +túsiw I v. 1) come down, go down; descend; fall; záńgi menen ~ to go (to come) down the steps; tekshe (záńgi) den ~ to go (to come) downstairs; jıǵılıp ~ to fall down; 2) tramvayǵa, taksige ~ to take a tram, a taxi.
II n. av., kos.landing; touchdown, making a touchdown; erkin ~ free fall. +túsleniw v. 1) have dinner; 2) conjugate; be conjugated. +tútew v. smoke; let smoke. +tútin n. 1.smoke; ~ shıǵarıw to puff, to smoke; <> jalınsız tútin bolmas there's no smoke without fire; 2.a. ~ pul hearth-money. +túte n. tekst. 1) bobbin; 2) tex. teat. +tútiw I v. scutch, swingle.
II n. tekst. combing; carding; hackling. +túwesiw v. finish, end, complete, put and end. +túshkirik n. drowsiness, sneeze; sneezing. +túshkiriw v. sneeze. +túw inter., fie. +tıǵız a. close; dense. +tıǵızlanıw v. 1) condense; 2) (turaq jay) reduce living area. +tıǵılısıp ~ jaylasıw to huddle together, to take shelter. +tıǵılıw v. stick. +tıǵın n. 1) cork; stopper (shiysheden islengen); plug (aǵashtan islengen); 2) kos. fuse. +tıǵıw v. 1) stop up; shiyshege tıǵın ~ to cork up a bottle; 2) poke, thrust. +tıyım n. prohibition; ban; veto; ~ salıw to forbid, to prohibit, to ban. +tıyın n. copeck. +tıyıw v. stifle, smother, hush up. +tımsal n. 1) fable; 2) aphorism. +tımıq a. stuffy, close; ~ bolıw to choke, to pant (with); stifle (with the heat). +tınbay adv. tirelessly, unwearyingly. +tınshıw v. be calm, calm. +tınıq a. clear, pure; ~ aspan clear sky. +tınıs n. 1) pause; interval; 2) rest. +tınısh a. quiet, calm, peaceful. +tınıshlanıw v. become quiet; get quiet; calm. +tınıshlıq n. 1) peace; ~ta at peace; ~ pitimin dúziw to make peace; 2) calm, quietness, quietude. +tınıshsız a. restless; uneasy; ~lanıw to worry, to be anxious, to bother. +tınıshsızlandırıw v. worry make anxious (uneasy); disturb; trouble. +tınıshsıslanıw v. bother; get troubled; worry. +tınıshsızlıq n. 1) anxiety, worry, trouble; 2) bother(ing). +tıń 1.n. a. x. (jer) new soil; virgin soil; ashılǵan ~ newly-ploughed virgin soil; virgin soil upturned; 2. a. ~ jer virgin land; long-fallow (disused) lands; ~ hám partaw jerler virgin and long-fallow lands. +tıńlatıw v. make hear; cause to listen (to). +tıńlaw v. 1) hear; listen 2) med. sound; <> kóp tıńla, az sóyle (Naqıl) keep your mouth shut and your ears open; be swift to hear, slow to speak. +tıńshı n. 1.secret agent; detective, plain clothes man; spy; 2. ~lıq etiw (yamasa sóz taratıw) to sneak; to tell tales, to bear tales. +tıńshılıq n. espionage. +tıpırshıqlaw I v. fidget; to move restlessly.
II n. fidgety. +tırma n. a. x. harrow, rake sg.; at ~ horse rake sg. +tırmalaw v. harrow. +tırmasıw v. climb; clamber. +tırna n. crane. +tırnaq I n. nail; claw (haywanlardiki).
II n. groundwork, foundation; jaydıń tırnaǵı foundation of the house. +tırnaqsha n. inverted commas; quotation marks (citatada). +tırnasıw v. scratch each other (one another). +tırnaw v. scratch. +tırrıq a. swaggering, boastful; cunning. +tırtıq n.scar. +tırıs n. wrinkle. +tırısqaq n. diligent, painstaking; assiduous. +tırıspay n. cholera. +tırısıw v. try, attempt, endeavor. +tısqarı post. pos. except; besides; save; in addition; moreover; other than, aside from. +tıshqan n. mouse (pl. mice); balpaq ~ zool. hamster. +tyulen n. seal. +uglerod n. xim. carbon. +uǵıw v. understand. +uzayttırıw v. lengthen. +uzayıw v. lengthen. +uzaq a. 1.~1) distant, remote; far, far-away; ~ jurtlar (eller) distant land; ~~keleshek remote future, distant future; 2) (jol) long, distant; ~ jol a long way round, a round about way; 3) (bóten) olar bir-birine ~ they have little in common; <> aspan menen jerdey ~ as far removed as heaven from earth; ol~jaladan ~ he is far from suspecting something; 2. adv. 1) it is far, away; it is a long way (iyesiz gápke); ol jaqqa barıwǵa ~ it is a long way (to go) there; it is far away; ~ shıǵıs Far East; buǵan ele ~ it is still a long way off; oǵan ol (qız) ~ he is much inferior to her; 2) far off, a long way off; far (from); a great distance away (from). +uzaqlasıw 1) v. retire; go away, move away (from); 2) disappear, vanish, become invisible. +uzaqlıq n. distance, remoteness. +uzaqta adv. 1) in the distance; 2) far (from). +uzaqtan adv. from afar. +uzatıw v. 1) pass; kitaptı uzatıp jiberiń pass me the book; 2) see smb. off; birewdi uyine shekem~~ to see smb. home; 3) (qız ~) to marry (to); have one's daughter married. +uzaqsha n. rook. +uzın a. long (doklad haqqında); lengthy; <> onıń tili ~ he has a long tongue. +uzınlıq n. 1) length; 2) longitude; uzınlıǵına (uzınına) lengthwise, longwise; at all length; barlıq uzınlıǵına sozıw (jayıw) to measure one's length; uzınlıǵı 2, 3, 4~metr, t. b. two, three four, etc. metres long; ~ ólshemi measures of length, linear measures; eń kóp ~ overall length; tolqınnıń uzınlıǵı wave-length. +uyǵır n., a. Uigur; ~ tili the Uigur language. +uyqı n. 1.~sleep; slumber; ~da in one's sleep; yarım ~ half awake; túski ~ afternoon nap; midday sleep; qattı ~ sound sleep; tınıshsız~~ trouble slumber; máńgi ~ the eternal sleep; onı ~ tartıp tur he is sleepy; he is slumbering; he is slumberous; ol kóp aqshamdı ~sız ótirdi he has not slept for many a night. +uyqılaw I v. sleep, slumber.
II n. sleep, slumber. +uyqısıraw v. doze (off). +uyma n. q. uyıq. +uyıq n. silt; a deposit silt (fine earth); ~ tebiw to silt. +uyım n. organization. +uyımlastırıw v. organize; ekskursiya, koncert, t/b. ~ to arrange (to set up) an excursion, a concert, etc. +uyımlastırılıw v. be organized, become organized. +uyımlastırıwshı n. organizer. +uyıtqı n. ferment. +ukaz n. q. buyrıq. +ukol n. 1) prick; 2) med. injection; ~ salıw (qılıw) to sting, to inject; iyne~menen qolǵa ~ salıw to prick one's hand with a needle. +ukrain n. Ukrainian; ~ tili the Ukrainian language. +ukrop n. dill, fennel; teńiz ukrobı samphire. +uqsas a. similar, resembling, like. +uqsaslıq n. 1) likeness; 2) mat. similarity. +uqsatıw I v. compare, imitate.
II n. imitation, comparison. +uqsaw v. look like, resemble, become like, similar. +uqtırıw v. explain. +uqıbet n. torture, torment. +uqıp n. q. uqıplılıq. +uqıplı a. 1) able, clever (at); gifted (for); sazǵa ~ gifted for music; 2) capable (of); ol hámme nársege~~ he is capable of anything; 3) suw parǵa aylanıwǵa ~ water can be converted into steam. +uqıplılıq n. ability (for), aptitude (for), faculty (of, for); capacity (for); sazǵa ~ talent for music; úlken ~ penen person of great abilities; aqlıy ~ mental faculties, intellectual faculties; hámme nársege (ulıwma) ~ general abilities; esaplaw(ǵa) ~ numerical abilities; til úyreniwge ~ psycholinguists abilities; oqıwǵa ~ reading abilities; ilimge ~ scholastic abilities; (tildi) sóylewge ~ speaking abilities; ózine tán ~ special abilities; jazıwǵa ~ writing abilities. +uqıpsız a. incapable (of); slow, unfit, dull (oqıwshı haqqında); untalented, ungifted; incompetent (+ to inf.); ol bunday jumsaqlıqqa ~ he is incapable of such baseness (meanness). +uqıpsızlıq n. incapability, inability; incapacity, dullness (oqıwshılar haqqında). +ul n. son, boy; óz xalqınıń ~ı son of the people; óz dáwiriniń ~ı child of his time; ol óz dáwiriniń ~ı he is the son as times have made him. +ulastırıw v. tie together, connect. +ulǵayıw v. grow (up). +ullı a. great; vast, immense; ~ planlar far-reaching plans; ~ watan urısı Great Patriotic War. +ult n. nation, people; q. millet. +ultan n. sole. +ulıwma a. general, common; ~ soyuzlıq All-Union; ~ aytqanda in general. +ulıwmalastırıw v. generalize, summarize; sum up. +ultimatum n. ultimatum. +umıtıw v. forget; to leave. +umıtılǵan a. 1) forgotten; lost, left; 2) ~ nárse (zat) lost things. +un n. flour; ~ tartıw to grind. +unaw v. 1) agree; 2) like, love. +univermag n. department (general) store(s) pl.; central department store. +universal a. universal; ~ magazin general-store(s). +universitet n. university; ~ pitiriwshi university graduate. +untaw v. pickaxe; crush (kirka menen). +ura I n. pit.
II int. hurra(h), hurray. +uran I n. xim. uranium.
II n. slogan, motto. +uranografiya n. astr. uranography. +urǵashı n. female; doe; she (haywanatlar haqqında); ~~bóri she wolf; cow (pil, kit, tyulen); ~ pil cow elephant; doe (kiyik, qoyan, tıshqan); ~ qoyan doe hare (rabbit); ~ eshki nanny goat (she goat); ~ shımshıq hen sparrow; ~~pıshıq pussy cat. +urlanıw v. be stolen; be robbed. +urlaw v. steal, kidnap (adamdı yamasa jan); rob. +urlıq 1.~a. stolen; 2. n. robbery. +urlıqshı n. q. urı. +urtlam n. mouthful, sip, gulp; bir ~ one sip. +urtlaw v. 1) gulp, eat, drink (noisily); 2) sip; urtlap ishiw to sip. +urı n. 1) thief; robber; mayda ~ pilferer; qaltaman ~ pickpocket; dúkan ~sı shoplifter; ~nı tutıń! stop thief!; 2) cattle-lifter (mal ~sı). +urıq I n. seed; corn; 2) embryo.
II n. relative; relation; Murat meniń urıǵım Murat is my relative. +urılıw v. hit, strike (against). +urıs n. 1.~1) war; warfare; grajdanlar ~ı civil war; partizanlıq ~ partisan warfare, guer(r)illa warfare; Ullı watandarlıq ~ the Great Patriotic war; ádil ~ just war; dúnya júzlik ~ world war; imperialistlik ~ imperialist war; teńiz ~ı naval warfare sea war; ximiyalıq ~ gas warfare; hawa ~ı air warfare, aerial warfare; (aspandaǵı) hawadaǵı ~ war in the air; salqın ~ cold war; kos~. ~kosmos hám hawadaǵı ~ aerospace war (warfare); ~ baslandı war broke out; ~ daǵazalaw to declare war (on); ~ júrgiziw to wage war; to fight a war; ~~jaǵdayında bolıw to be at war (with); ~ta in the war; 2) struggle; fight; 3) struggling; fighting; 4) war time. +urısıw I v. 1) to brawl; make a row; scandalize; 2) fight; struggle; wrestle; 3) bicker, quarrel, wrangle; kóshede urısıp atır there is a fight (scuffle) in the street; mush penen ~ to box, to spar; ol birdeyine urısadı he is always beating somebody, he is always knocking somebody about; he likes beating; duelde ~ to fight a duel, to fight a duel with smb.
II n. 1) brawling, beating; 2) fighting, struggling; wrestling; 3) bickering; quarreling; wrangling. +urıw I n. tribe.
II v. beat, to fist, to box. +usaq n. 1) crumb (nannıń usaǵı); 2) slice. +usaqlaw v. 1) break, slice, chop. +usas q. uqsas. +uslaw v. 1) snatch, seize, catch hold (of); capture, grasp, grab; snap; qolınan ~ to seize (to grasp) smb. toy the hand; 2) feel, touch; tamır ~ to feel the pulse; <> eki kemeniń basın uslaǵan ǵarq bolar (Maqal) all covert, all lose. +usta n. 1) master, expert; 2) carpenter; joiner; ~ bolıw to become skillful. +ustashılıq 1. n. carpentry; ~ etiw to carpenter. 2. a. carpentry, joinery, joiner's work. +ustav n. regulations; statuses; ásk. regulations; awıl xojalıq arteliniń ~ı regulations of an agricultural artel; organization chart. +ustaz n. teacher, master; tutor, mentor, preceptor; tutoress, preceptress (hayal). +ustazlıq n. tutorship, preceptorship. +ustaxana n. workshop; súwret ~sı studio. +usı pron. this, it; ~ jerde here; ~ waqıttan baslap from this moment on (time); men ~ jayda turaman I live (here) in this house; ~nıń ushın therefore; that is why. +usıl n. method; way; method; usınday ~ menen in this way; basqa ~ menen in a different way; jasalıw ~ı manner (way) of forming; qollanıw ~ı directions for use (kórsetpe) pl.; mexanikalıq ~ menen mechanically; qanday ~ menen bolmasın by hook or by crook; (idiom); in any way; barlıq ~dı qollanıw (paydalanıw) to try (test) every possible means. +usılay adv. so; this, this way; ~ isle do it so that; do it like this; hápte tolıǵı menen ~ ótti the whole week passed so (thus); jaǵday ~ this is how matters stand; ol ~ dedi he spoke though; he spoke in a way that; men oǵan tap ~ dep ayttım I told him in so many words that; tiyme, ~ qoy let it remain as it is; ~ shıǵalmaysız you cannot go out this way; ol ~ juwap berdi he answered thus (as follows), this is the answer he gave; tap ~ in exactly the same way; just so; that's the way, that's right; ~ edi how it was, the way it was. +usınıs n. 1) offer, suggestion; motion (jıynalısta); proposal; ~ etiw to make smb. an offer; to propose to smb.; ~tı qabıl alıw to accept an offer; accept a proposal; ol ~ kirgizdi he made a motion; he moved that; 2) ek. talap jáne ~ demand and supply. +uttırıw n. loss. +utıs n. ~ zaemi lottery, loan. +uwayım n. 1) anxiety (for); 2) trouble (about); care (of, for); xalıq haqqında ~ care for people's (public) welfare; keleshek haqqında ~ care for the future; balalar haqqında ~ concern for children; ~ jew to take care, to trouble; to be anxious; 3) melancholy, depression; yearning; anguish; 4) ennui; weariness; birewdi ~ǵa ushıratıw to bore smb. (to death, to tears); 5) longing (for) yearning (for); grief (for); birew haqqında ~ jew a) to miss smb.; 6) home-sickness, nostalgia; 6) melancholy, sadness; <> ol~uwayımsız what does he care; onıń óziniń ~ı basınan asadı his hands are full. +uwayımsız a. negligent, careless, slovenly; light-hearted, care-free; untroubled; ~ turmıs untroubled life. +uwayımsızlıq n. light-heartedness, carelessness; (turmıs haqqında) serenity, tranquillity; ~ penen adv. light-heartedly, carelessly. +uchastok n. 1) (jer) lot, plot (kishkene), strip, parcel out; kitchen-garden; 2) part, section, (joldıń, dáryanıń) section, length; ásk. zıyanlanǵan ~ contaminate an area, contaminate the ground; (frontta) sector of the front; jumıs uchastkası allotted work; 3) (basqarıw) district; saylaw uchastkası electoral district area, election district area, constituency; (jay) polling place (station), election centre. +uw n. poison; toxic; (jılandiki) venom; ~ ishiw to take poison; jay tásir etetuǵın ~ is slow poison. +uwqalaw v. massage. +uw-shuw n. noise. +uwıs n. handful. +uchyot n. 1) calculation; account; registration; accounts; stock-taking (tovardıń); ~ júrgiziw to take stock (of); ~tan tıs beyond all calculation; belgili (yamasa tiyisli) ~ penen with due regard (for); ~qa jabıq (dúkan) closed for stocktaking; 2) registration; ~qa alıw to register; ~ta turıw to be registered; ~tan shıǵarıw to strike off the register; to cross off the register; ~tan shıǵıw to be struck off the register; to be crossed off the register. +ush n. 1) tip, top; tildiń ~ı the tip of the tongue; <> tilimniń ushında turıptı it is on the tip of my tongue; 2) pen. +ushqalaq 1.~n. fidget; foppery, fop, coxcomb; dandy; 2. a. foppish. +ushqın n. spark; ~day jıltıldaw to flash by; <> ~nan jalın payda boladı the spark will kindle a flame; onıń kózinen ~ shıǵıp tur he saw stars. +ushlıq n. pen. +ushın conj., prep, for, in order. +ushınan ~ bergen pul deposit, earnest. +ushırasıw I v. 1) meet (with); encounter (tosattan); come across (biytanıs sózler); kóz ushınan ushırastıq our eyes met; qıyınshılıq penen ~ to meet with difficulties, to encounter difficulties; 2) see; birew menen tez (siyrek) ~ to see much (little) of smb.; 3) (bolıw, gez keliw) be found, be met with; bul~ósimlik qubla jaqta ushırasadı these plants are found (yamasa are met with) in the south.
II n. 1) meeting; reception; match (sport); kos. ~kosmosta ~ space meeting; docking; doslıq jaǵdayda~~ welcome; birew menen ~da on meeting smb.; bul joldas~penen ~ ushın kóp xalıq jıynaldı many people were there to meet that comrade; doslıq ~ın ótkeriw to give a hearty welcome; saylawshılar menen ~ meeting with one's constituents; 2) sport. match; ~~ótkerildi (boldı) matches were played (between). +ushıratıw v. meet, see, meet (with). +ushırıw v. launch. +ushıw I v. fly; flutter (gúbelek haqqında); <> oqtay ~ to fly like an arrow from the bow; qańbaqtay ~ to run at full (top speed); to tear (to rush) along.
II n. 1) flight; kos~. kosmosta ~ space flight; cosmic flight; orbita~boylap ~ orbiting; orbitalıq ~ orbital flight; inerciyası (páti) boyınsha ~ coast; coasting flight; ~dan toqtap qalıw flight failure; geokosmoslıq ~ geocosmic flight; 2) flying. +ushıwshı n. 1.~pilot, flier; kosmonavt ~ pilot-cosmonaut; spaceman; 2. a. ~ baqa zool. flying frog; rhacophorus. +uya n. 1) nest; aerie (jabayı qustiki); nidus (pl. -di, -duses); bóriniń ~sı burrow hole; 2) tex. socket; 3) lingv. family; ~ salıw zool. nesting, nidification; nidificating; ~lap egiw a. x. cluster sowing. +uyalaw v. den; nest. +uyaltıw v. shame, disgrace. +uyalshaq a. shy; shameful, bashful, shy, very modest. +uyalshaqlıq n. bashfulness. +uyalıw v. be shy; be ashamed. +uyań I a. phlegmatic; ~ adam phlegmatic person.
II a. 1. sluggish, slow; ~ adam slowcoach, laggard; 2. ~ túrde adv. sluggishly. +uyanlıq n. sluggishness. +uyat n. shame; disgrace; uyatsızlıq qılıw, uyatın joytıw to lose all sense of shame, to be lost to shame; ~qa qalıw to disgrace oneself; sizge ~ ! shame on you!; ~qa qaldırıw to dishonor. +uyatlı a. shameful, disgraceful; indecent; diffident, modest, shy; ~ sózler aytıw to pronounce indecent words. +uyatsız a. shameless, barefaced, braze (face). +údde ~sinen shıǵıw to manage; be able to do something. +úziksiz a. uninterrupted, continuous. +úzil-kesil adv. 1) flatly, point-blank; ~ beziw to refuse point-blank; with determination; 2) categorically, firmly. +úziliw v. get unhinged, to get torn off; to be picked up (gúl). +úziw v. 1) tear off, disjoin; disconnect, pick (gúl); 2) (aranı úziw) leave behind, pass, outstrip. +úy n. 1) house; 2) home; dem alıs ~i rest home; ol ~deme?- yaq ol ~de joq Is he at home?—No, he is out; balalar ~i Children's home; mádeniyat ~i Palace of Culture; 3) room, flat; 4) qara ~ yurt, yurta; 5) ~ xızmetshisi servant, housemaid; help (amer.). <> óz úyim-óleń tósegim (Maqal) an Englishman's house is his castle; East or West home is best; <> úy meniki demeńiz úy artında kisi bar (Naqıl) walls have ears. +úy-ishi a. domestic; family; ~ turmısı domestic (family) life; ~niń baxtı family happiness; ~ menen family circle; ~ qatnasıǵı family relations; ~keńesi domestic (family) council; ~ merekesi, keshesi family party; ~baylanısı family ties; ~nde bolatuǵın jánjel family feud; ~niń jaǵdayı family status; marital state; ~niń jaǵdayı boyınsha for domestic reasons; ~jaǵdayında in domestic surroundings. +úyinshik n. heap. +úyir n. stock; jaqsı ~den of good stock. +úyiw v. 1) wrinkle; qabaǵın ~ to knit one's brows; 2) flood; (with); overrun (with); bazardı ~ to flood the market (with). +úykew v. rub, polish, grate. +úylenbegen a. unmarried, single; ~ erkek unmarried man, single man; ~turmıs unmarried life, single life. +úyleniw I v. marry; get married.
II n. marriage; ~ toyı wedding; bridal. +úyme-júyme crowd; heap; throng; multitude. +úyrek n. duck; ~tiń palapanı duckling. +úyreniw I v. 1) learn; study; 2) get used (to), get accustomed (to); <> az-azúyrenip dana bolar, tamshıdan dárya bolar (Maqal) many a little makes a mickle.
II n. 1) study, learning; 2) habit. +úyretiw I v. 1) train, accustom; 2) teach; 3) tame (qolǵa).
II n. 1) teaching, training; 2) instruction; education, learning, study; avtomatizaciya járedemi menen ~ automated instruction; automatic instruction; tiykarǵı ~ kursı basic instruction; túsindiriw metodı menen ~ expository (model) instruction; qosımsha pánler boyınsha ~ incidental instruction; ulıwma xalıqlıq ~ mass instruction; mashina járdemi menen ~ mediated instruction; remote association; inference, mediation; praktikaboyınsha ~ operational instruction; ishten (oqıw) ~ resident instruction; ~dińtiykarǵı kursı self-contained instruction; qosımsha oqıw quralları menen~ substitute instruction; televidenie járdemi menen ~ televised instruction; TV instruction; hár qıylı pán tarawı boyınsha ~ correlated instruction. +úysiz a. homeless. +úke n. younger (junior) brother. +úlke n. country, land; ~ni tanıw muzeyi Museum of local lore. +úlken a. 1) big, tall; 2) large; great; huge; vast; ~ áhmiyet beriw to attach great importance; ~ jol high road; ~ hárip capital letter; 2) grown-up, adult; ~etiw to bring up; 3) prominent; monstrous; 2. n. monster. +úki n. zool. owl; eagle-owl; ~niń palapanı owlet; ~ge yean owlish. +úlgeriw v. catch up (with); succeed, attain. +úlgi n. 1) example, model; 2) sample (material); 3) pattern. +úles n. part, portion, share. +úlesiw v. distribute, give out. +úmit n. hope; expectation; aspirations; ~ etiw to hope. +úmitleniw v. expect ( + to inf.), hope (for); <> birewge úmitleniw to dote upon smb. +úmitli a. hopeful; ~ bolıw to hope (for) (bir nársege); rely on (birewdiń). +úmitsiz a. 1) despaired; ~ bolıw to despair (of); 2) sceptic; <> úmitsiz shaytan (Maqal) never say die. +ún n. voice, sound; <> jalǵız ǵarǵanıń úni shıqpas (Maqal) one man, no man. +úndew I n. leaflet.
II n. appeal, exclamation; gram.~ belgisi exclamation mark; ~ gáp exclamatory sentence. +únemlew v. 1) economize; use sparingly; to husband; aqshanı ~ to save money; otındı ~ to save fuel; óziniń kúshin ~ to spare one's strength; 2) save (on), economize (on); materialǵa (ushın) ~ to save on materials; 3) cut down expenses. +únli a. lingv. 1.voiced; vowel; ~ ses vowel sound, vowel; 2.n. vowel. +únsiz a. lingv. 1.voiceless, consonant (al); consonant; 2. n. consonant. +úńgir n. cave; grotto; cavern. +úńreyiw v. gape. +úplew I v. blow.
II n. tex. blowing. +úrgin n. snow-storm; snow-drifts. +úrdis n. ways, manners; tradition, custom, habit. +úrip-ádep q. úrdis. +úriw v. 1) bark; 2) blow; samal úrip turıptı the wind is blowing; mına jerden úrip tur there is a draught, yamasa it is drafty here. +úrkek n. shyer. +úrpeytiw v. fluff up (shashtı); bristle (júnin). +úskene n. equipment, equipping. +úskenelew v. equip. +ústem ~ keliw to win. +ústemlik n. 1) supremacy; rule, sway (siyasiy); ústinen ~ domination (over), dominion (over); ascendency (over); jer júzi ústemligi world supremacy; hawada ~ supremacy in the air; kosmosta hám hawada ~ kos. domination of the aerospace; aerospace superiority; kosmosta ~ etiw space supremacy; 2) prevalence, predominance. +ústemshilik n. q. ústemlik. +ústi 1.n. surface; ~-bas clothes; 2.prep. ~ne upon; ~nde above (on); stol ~nde above (on) the table. +ústingi a. upper. +ústirt n. 1) geogr. plateau, tableland; 2) height. +ústki q. ústingi. +útik n. iron; ~ basıw to iron. +útir n. comma; ~ qoyıw to put a comma. +úsh num. card, three; ol ~inde he is in his third year; ~ten biri one third. +úshew num. card, three, the three of. +úshinshi num. ord. third; ~ may, iyun t. b. the third of May, June, etc.; ~ bap, bet chapter, page three; ~ nomer number three; ol ~ jılınıń ishinde he is in his third year; ~ bet gram. third person; ~ bette sóylew to speak in the third person. +úshkúl n. triangle. +úshkúlli a. triangular. +úshpelek n. whistle; ~ shertiwshi whistler; ~ shertiw to whistle. +wayran a. destroyed, ruined, wrecked; ~ bolıw to ruin, to fail; ~ qılıw to destroy, to wreck. +wazıypa n. 1) task; object, aim; ásk. task; mission (amer.); tiykarǵı ~ the main, chief task; náwbettegi ~ immediate task; (alǵa) ~ qoyıw to put a task (before); óz aldına ~ qoyıw to set oneself the task (of); to undertake; to undertake the task (of); maqsetler hám wazıypalar aims and purposes; 2) duty. +waqıt n. time, period; qısqa ~ ishinde in a short space of time; ketiw ~ı boldı it is time to go; sol ~ta then, all that time; usı ~qa shekem till this time; by this time, up to the present; ~tı jaqsı (kewilli) ótkiziw to have a good time; kos. ushıw waqtı transit time; házirlik waqtı readiness time; astronomiyalıq ~astronomical time. +waqıya n. 1) adventure; event; accident; keyingi ~ latest developments; ol úlken ~ edi it was a great event; házirgi ~lar current events; 2) case; qádimgidey ~ possible case; 3) event, incident; occurrence; kúndelikli ~ everyday occurrence; ájayıp ~ strange occurrence; baxıtsız ~ accident; oǵan baxıtsız ~bolıptı he met with an accident (yamasa ol baxıtsız ~ǵaushıraptı); 4) ~lar bólimi (gazetada) local news; hesh qanday ~ bolmadı nothing to report; haqıyqıy ~ true story. +waqıtlı a. temporary, provisional. +waqtınsha adv. temporarily, provisionally, for a short time. +waqtıxoshlıq n. merriment, merry-making, gaiety, amusement. +waqıtsız a. 1.untimely, premature; ~ ólim premature death; 2. out of time, untimely. +watan n. 1) homeland, fatherland, mother country; native country; ~ ǵárezsizligi defense of one's motherland; ~dı saǵınıw home sickness, nostalgia; ~dı súyiw love for one's native land, (yamasa) mother country. +watandarlıq a. patriotic; Ullı ~ urıs The Great Patriotic war. +watanlas n. compatriot, countryman; ~ hayal compatriot, countrywoman. +wahaha n. laughter; pátli ~ Homeric laughter; a burst of laughter; ~ salıw to laugh (loud, boisterously); to shout with laughter; kózinen jas shıqqansha ~ (kúliw) to split one's sides with laughter, to roar with laughter. +wáde n. promise; ~ beriw to give a promise (to promise); ~den shıǵıw to keep a promise; ~sin orınlaw to redeem a pledge (promise); ~sin buzıw to break one's promise; shın ~ solemn promise. +wádelesiw v. promise; give a promise to each other, to agree; to bid fair to do. +wádeli a. agreed, fixed; ~ ushırasıw appointment. +wákil n. representative, spokesman; ~ bolıw (~lik etiw) to be a representative; commissioner; authorized agent. +wákillik n. representation. +wásiyat n. 1) (last) will, testament; ~ beriw to bequeath, to make one's will; 2) precept; behest; 3) advice, counsel; opinion; onıń ~ı boyınsha according to his advice, on his advice; ol maǵan jaqsı ~ berdi he gave me a piece of good advice; ol maǵan kóp ~ berdi he gave me some advice; birewdiń ~ı menen júriw to follow (to take) smb's advice; meniń ~ımdı tıńla! take my advice! +fabrika n. factory, mill; kiyim ~sı cloth factory; qaǵaz ~sı paper mill; boyaw~sı dye-house; iyiriw ~sı spinning-mill; spinning-factory; toqıw ~sı weaving-mill. +fabrikant n. manufacturer, mill-owner, factory-owner. +fabrikat n. finished (yamasa) manufactured product. +faza n. phase, period; túsiw~sı kos.decent phase; aralıq ~ transit phase; astr. aydıń ~sı phases of the moon; tex. qozǵalıw múyeshiniń ~sı phase angle. +fazometr n. fiz., tex. phase meter, phasometer. +fazotron n. fiz. synchrocyclotron. +fakt 1.n. fact, case; hámmege málim ~ (jaman fakt) notorious fact; anıqlanǵan (anıq) ~ established fact; certainty; bolıp ótken (bolǵan) ~accomplished fact; bolıp ótken ~ti alǵa qoyıw to confront with a fait accompli; ~ kóz aldında bolıw to be faced with the fact; ~ bolıw facts (yamasa cases) are on record; ~ keltiriw mention facts, to point to a fact; ~lepkórsetiw to show proofs; kóp ~ler rich in facts; ~ penen sanasıw to face the fact; ~ boyınsha the facts show that; <> bul ~! it's a fact!; bul ~ óytkeni it is a fact that; orınsız ~ fare facts, naked facts; ~ bul anıq nárse facts are stubborn things; you can't fight facts; you can't get away from facts; ~ bolıp qala beredi the fact remains; 2. a. actual; real; factual; virtual; actual state of affairs; anıq ~ler the facts. +faktor n. factor; waqıtsha (ótpeli) ~ transitory factors, transient factors; bárhama (udayına) háreket etiwshi ~permanent factors. +faktura n. 1.invoice, bill; 2. texture, manner of execution. +fakultet n. faculty, department; medicina ~i medical faculty (department); yuridikalıq~faculty (department) of law; tariyx ~i history faculty (department); til hám ádebiyat ~i philological faculty (department); yuridikalıq ~iniń oqıwshısı bolıw to be a student of the faculty of law, to read law, to study law. +fakultetlik a. optional; ~ oqıw sabaǵı optional course. +familiya n. (sur) name, family name; onıń ~sı kim? what is his (sur) name? +fanera n. veneer; plywood; ~ qaǵıw to veneer. +fantaziya n. 1.fantasy, fancy, imagination; bay ~ rich imagination; bul jazıwshınıń oy ~sı bay this writer (he) is very imaginative; 2)fancy; bos ~ idle fancy; 3) awzı. fancy, whim; onıń oyına ~ keldi he took it into his head (to); 4) muz. fantasia; 5) (ótirik) fib. +fara n. (avtomobilde, parovozda) head-light. +farvater n. teń. (keme jolı) fairway; (navigating) channel; ~da júziw (yamasa ~dabolıw) to go along (with), to follow the lead (of). +farmakologiya n. pharmacology. +farmacevt n. pharmaceutist, apothecary. +farmacevtika n. pharmaceutics. +fars n. farce. +fartuk n. apron. +farfor 1.n. china, porcelain, china(ware); 2. a. china; porcelain (attr.); porcellaneous; ~ ılayı china clay, porcelain clay; kaolin; ~ (serviz) ıdısı china set; ~ zavodı porcelain works, ceramic works. +farsh n. stuffing; (góshli) forcemeat; (kolbasa ushın) sausage-meat; ~qılıw to stuff. +farshlanǵan a. stuffed. +fasad n. facade, front; jaydıń ~ı (yamasa jaydıń aldı) house fronts; dúkannıń ~ı shop fronts. +fasovkalaw I v. pack up.
II n. 1. packing; 2.a. cexı packing department. +fason n. fashion, style; (kóylek) cut; basqa ~da in a different fashion; ~ın alıw (yamasa úlgisin alıw) to take a pattern, to copy a dress. +fasonlı a. tex. shaped; form (attr.); ~ temir shaped steel, steel shape; ~ gerbish shaped brick. +fata n. bridal veil (juqa jipekten hayallardıń basına jawatuǵın aq jawlıq). +fatalizm n. Fatalism. +fatalist n. Fatalist. +fashizm n. Fascism. +fashist n. Fascist. +fashistlik a. fascist (attr.). +fevral 1.n. February; birinshi ~ the first of February; usı jıldıń ~ında in February; ótken jıldıń ~ında last February; kelesi jıldıń ~ında next February; 2.a. ~ kúni February day, day in February; <> ~ revolyuciyası February Revolution. +federalizm n. siyas. federalism. +federativlik a. federative; federal; ~ (yamasa federallıq) mámleket federal State. +federaciya n. siyas. federation; Rossiya ~sı the Russian Federation. +feyil 1. gram. verb; hal ~i participle; hal ~iniń ótken máhál forması past participle; hal ~iniń házirgi máhál forması present participle; awıspalı ~ transitive verb; awıspasız ~ intransitive verb. 2. n. q. peyil. +feldmarshal n. Field-Marshal. +feldsher n. surgeon's assistant, doctor's assistant. +feleton n. newspaper satire, topical satire. +feletonlıq a. ~ stil light literary style. +fenil n. xim. Phenyl. +fenol n. xim. Phenol. +fenologiya n. biol. phenology. +fenomen n. phenomenon (pl. -ena). +feodal n. tar. feudal lord. +feodallıq a. feudal; ~ eziwshilik the yoke of feudal oppression; ~ krepostnoylıq eziw the yoke of serfdom and feudal oppression; ~ bóliniwshilik feudal division; ~ stroy feudal system. +feodalizm n. tar. feudalism. +ferz n. shaxm. Queen. +ferma n. a. x. farm; qara-mal ~sı cattle-breeding farm; sút ~sı dairy (farm). +ferment n. biol., xim. ferment. +fermer n. 1.farmer; 2. a. ~ jayı farm-house. +festival n. festival; fete fr.; Pútkil jer júzlik jaslar ~ı The World Youth Festival. +fetishizm n. fetishism. +fetr n. 1.felt (eń sapalı juqa kiyiz); 2.a. ~ qalpaq felt hat. +figura n. 1.figure; onıń ~sı jaqsı she has a fine figure, she has a well-developed figure; geometriyalıq ~ geometrical figure; oyındaǵı ~ step; hawada biyik ushıwdaǵı ~ av. flight manoeuvre; aerial stunt; 2. (kartada) picture-card, face-card, court-card; shaxm. chess-man, piece; <> iri ~ outstanding figure; ózine tán~ typical figure. +fizik n. physicist. +fizika n. physics; plazma ~sı plasma physics. +fizikalıq a. physical; ~ kabinet physics laboratory; ~ ximiya physical chemistry; ~ kernew physical stress. +fiziko-matematikalıq a. physical and mathematical, physico-mathematical; ~ fakultet physics and mathematics faculty (department). +fiziolog n. Physiologist. +fiziologiya n. physiology. +fiziologiyalıq a. physiological; izertlewdiń ~usılları methods of physiological analysis; ~ eritpe physiological (salt) solution. +fizionomist n. physiognomist. +fizioterapiya n. med. physiotherapeutic, physical therapy. +fizkultura 1.n. physical culture; 2. a. sports (attr.); ~ paradı sports parade. +fizkulturashı n. athlete, gymnast. +fiksaj n. fot. fixing agent (súwretti juwatuǵın eritpe). +filantropiya n. philanthropy. +filarmoniya n. philharmonic (society). +filatelist n. philatelist, stamp collector. +filateliya n. philately. +filial n. branch (office). +filolog n. philologist. +filologiya n. philology; ~fakulteti philological faculty (department). +filologiyalıq a. philological. +filosof n. philosopher. +filosofiya n. philosophy. +filosofiyalıq a. philosophical; <> ~ tas philosopher's stone. +film n. film; reńli ~ colour film; sesli ~ sound-film; sessiz ~ silent film; tolıq metrajlı ~ full-length film; qısqa metrajlı ~a short; dokumentli ~ a documentary; xronikalıq ~ news-reel; ~ túsiriw (~ge alıw) to make a film; ~di (ekranǵa) shıǵarıw to release a film. +filtr n. filter; sifter; jaqtılıq ~i light filter. +filtrlew I v. filter.
II n. filtration. +final n. 1.finale, dénouement (fr.); 2. sport. final (keyingi ushırasıw). +finans n. 1.1) finances; 2) money sg.; financial position; 2.a. financial; ~ jılı fiscal year; ~ bólimi finance department; ~ inspektorı revenue inspector; ~ sisteması financial system, system of finance; ~ kapitalı ek. financial capital; ~ oligarxiyası financial oligarchy; ~ tártibi financial discipline. +fininspektor n. revenue inspector. +finish 1.n. sport. finish (at shabısıwda) winning post; ~ke keliw finish; birinshi ~ke keliw finish first; to finish; a. finishing; ~ lentasın úziw to break the finishing tape, to breast the finishing tape. +finler n. Finn. +fin a. Finnish; ~ tili Finnish, the Finnish language; <> ~ qanjarı Finnish dagger. +firma n. firm (sanaat yamasa sawda kárxanası). +fishka n. (oyında) counter, fish, chip. +flag n. flag; teń. ensign; mámleketlik ~ national flag; ~ kóteriw to hoist a flag; teń. to make the colors; ~tı túsiriw to lower a flag, to strike a flag; ~ penen bezew to adorn with flags; <> ~i astında under the slogan (of); in the name (of); under the flag; under the guise (of) (jasırınıw). +flagman n. ásk., teń. 1.flag-officer; 2. (keme) flagship. +flanel n. flannel (gezleme); ~ shersti flannel-wool; wool for flannels. +fleyta n. (saz ásbabı) flute; ~ shertiw to play the flute. +fleytashı n. flutist. +fleksiya n. lingv. inflexion; ishki ~ internal inflexion. +fleksiyalı a. lingv. inflected; ~ tiller inflected languages; ~ jalǵaw inflection. +floks n. (gúl) phlox. +flora n. (ósimlikler dúnyası) flora. +flot n. fleet; áskeriy teńiz ~ı navy; áskeriy-hawa ~ı air force; armiya hám ~ army and navy; teńiz ~ı marine; dárya ~ı inland water transport; hawa ~ı air force, air fleet; grajdanlar ~ı, sawda ~ı mercantile marine; merchant fleet; ~ta xızmet etiw to serve in the Navy. +flyuger n. weathercock, weathervane (samaldıń baǵıtın kórsetiwshi). +flyus n. tex. flux. +flyaga n. flask, ásk. water bottle. +fokus I n. fiz. focus.
II n. trick (kóz baylaw); karta menen ~ juggling with cards, card trick; ~ kórsetiw to juggle, to conjure, to do conjuring tricks; 2. (qırsıqlıq) whim, freak; trick; ~tı qoyıń none of your tricks!; <> barlıq ~ (hiyle) usında that's the whole point; ~ kórsetiw 1) to juggle; (qırsıqlıq etiw) to be capricious; 2) jugglery. +fokusshı n. (fokus kórsetiwshi) conjurer; juggler. +folga n. (juqa jıltır plastinka) foil; altın ~ gold foil. +folklor n. folklore (xalıq dóretpesi); ~di jıynawshı specialist in folklore. +fon n. kos. background (tiykarǵı reń (túr). +fonarik n. (kishkene) qıtay fonarigi Chinese lantern; elektr qol fonarigi electric torch, (pocket) flash-light; (pocket) flash. +fonar n. lantern; lamp; (parovozda, paroxodta, jaǵada) light, lamp; kósheniń ~ı street lamp. +fond n. 1.fund, stock; bólinbes ~ reserve fund (aqshalay); miynet haqı ~ı wage fund; óndiristiń negizgi ~ı basic fund of industry; direktordıń ~ı the director's fund; mámlekettiń jer ~ı the lands of a country pl.; the stock of land of a country; turaq jay ~ı housing resources; altın (ǵáziyne) ~ı, altın aqsha (qorı) ~ı gold fund, capital, most valuable possession; járdem~ı relief fund; ~qa ótkeriw to contribute to the fund; 2. funds, stocks (bahalı qaǵaz). +fonema n. lingv. phoneme. +fonemalıq a. lingv. phonemic. +fonetika n. phonetics. +fonetikalıq n. lingv. phonetic; ~ transkripciya phonetic transcription. +fonetist n. phonetician. +fonograf n. phonograph (seslerdi jazıp alatuǵın jáne sońınan olardı esittirip beretuǵın apparat). +fonologiya n. lingv. phonology. +fonometr n. fiz. phonometer. +fontan n. fountain; neft ~ı oil-gusher. +forma n. 1) form, shape; domalaq ~sında in the form of a globe; ball-shaped; basqarıw ~sı form of government; 2) filos, gram. form; ~ hám mazmun form and content; feyil ~sı verbal form; jazba ~da in written form, in writing; grammatikalıq ~ grammatical forms; 3) mould (quyıwǵa); 4) uniform (kiyim); ásk. regimentals pl.; poxod~ fatigue dress; parad ~ full dress (uniform); ~da uniformed, in uniform; ~ kiyiw to wear, yamasa to put on, uniform; tolıq ~ properly dressed; 5) poligr. form(e); <> ~sında bolıw to be in good form; to be (to feel) fit; ~sında bolmaw to be out of form. +formalizm n. formalism. +formalin n. formalin. +formalist n. formalist. +formalizmlik a. formalistic; ~ge tiykarlanǵan iskusstvo formalistic distortions in art. +formal a. formal; ~ logika formal logic; (iske) ~ qaraw formal attitude, lack of interest; ~ kelisim formal agreement; ~ metod formalistic method. +formallıq n. formality. +formalı a. figured. +format n. poligr. size. +formaciya n. siyas formation; siyasiy ekonomikalıq ~social and economic structure; devon, melov, úshinshi dáwir ~sı Devonian, Cretaceous, Permian, Tertiary formation. +formula n. formula (pl. -las, -lea); ~ arqalı kórsetiw to express by a formula, formulate. +forsunka n. tex. sprayer; oil (fuel) burner. +fortepyano n. muz. (saz áspabı) piano; upright piano (pianino); ~ shertiw to play the piano. +fosfat n. xim. phosphate. +fosfor 1.n. xim. phosphorus; 2.a. phosphoric; phosphorus (attr.); ~ shırpısı phosphoric matches; ~ bombası phosphorus bomb. +foto n. photo. +fotoapparat n. camera. +fotoartel n. studio; photographer's (studio). +fotograf n. Photographer. +fotografiya n. 1.photography; ~ menen shuǵıllanıw to take up photography, to go in for photography; ol endi ~ menen shuǵıllanıp júripti he has taken up photography; ol ~ menen shuǵıllanbaqshı he wants to take up, yamasa to go in for, photography; reńli~ colour photography; 2.photograph (túsirip alınǵanı); 3.photographer's (studio). +fotokamera n. camera; kos.photo camera; joqarı kontraslı syomka ushın~ ballistic camera. +fotokorrespondent n. q. fotoreportyor. +fotolitografiya n. poligr. photolithography. +fotolyubitel n. amateur photographer. +fotometriya n. fiz. photometry. +fotomexanika n. photomechanics. +fotomontaj n. photomontage. +foton n. fiz. photon. +fotoobektiv n. lens. +fotorazvedka n. ásk. photographic reconnaissance. +fotoreportaj n. picture story; photo report. +fotoreportyor n. (newspaper or magazine) photographer. +fotostat n. photo stat. +fotosyomka n. photography. +fototelegramma n. photo telegram. +fototelegraf n. photo telegraph. +fototeodolit n. photo theodolite. +fototipiya n. poligr. phototype. +fotoxronika n. pictorial review. +fotoelektrichestvo n. photoelectricity. +fotoelektron n. fiz. photoelectron. +fotoelement n. el. photoelectric cell, photo-cell; photo pile. +frazeologiya n. lingv. phraseology. +francuz n. Frenchman; ~ tili the French language. +freon n. kos.freon. +front n. front; battle-front; keń ~ wide front, extended front; ~ta bolıw to be at the front; ~qa ketiw to go to the front; ideologiyalıq ~ ideological front; birlesken ~ united front; mádeniy ~ cultural front; xalıqlıq ~ Popular Front; paraxatshılıq ~ı the Peace Front; paraxatshılıq hám demokratiya ~ı the Front of Peace and Democracy; xojalıq ~ı economic front; eki ~ta gúresiw to fight on two fronts. +funkciya n. function; ayqın~ explicit function; qarama-qarsı ~ inverse function; dórendi ~ derived function; birewdiń ~sın atqarıw to perform smb.'s duties. +funt n. pound. +funt-sterling n. pound-sterling (£ - Angliyada pul birligi). +fut n. awız. foot; uzınlıǵı eki ~qa teń two feet long. +futbol 1.n. football, soccer (amer.); 2. a. ~ komandası football team; ~ jarısı football match. +futbolshı n. football-player, footballer, soccer-player. +futbolka n. sports shirt; football-jersey. +futlyar n. case; etui (kishkene); instrument ~ı instrument-case; <> qápestegi adam person who keeps himself in cotton-wool. +futurizm n. isk. futurism. +fufayka n. jersey; sweater. +xabar n. news, piece of news, information; tidings; sońgı ~latest news sg., ~ beriw to inform; ~sız ketiw missing; kútilmegen ~ unexpected (piece of) news; gram. ~ gáp declarative sentence; <> suwıq ~dıń qanatı bar (Maqal) bad news has wings. +xabardar a. informed; versed; ~ bolıw to be careful; to take care; ~ etip qoyıw to inform (of); to warn. +xabarlasıw v. inform; to be in contact. +xabarlaw 1. v. inform, notify. 2. n. information; notice; notification; summons; warning. +xabarshı n. informer; correspondent. +xabardarlıq n. information, warning. +xabarlandırıw v. notify; let smb. know; warn. +xabarsız a. unknown. +xalayıq n. people, population, inhabitants; public, crowd. +xalat n. dressing-gown, oriental robe; overalls (pl. jumıs xalatı); doctor's smock (vrachtiki); shomılıw ~ı bathrobe; operating coat, surgical coat (xirurgtiki); ásk. jasırınıw ushın ~ camouflage cloak. +xalıq 1.n. 1) people, nation; qaraqalpaq ~ı Karakalpak people; 2) (adamlar) people; kóp~ many people, a great number, yamasa plenty of people; maydan ~qa tolı the square is full of people; ~ aralıq international; ~ aralıq jaǵday international situation; ~ párwarlıq care of people; humanism, humaneness; 2. a. people's; popular; folk; national; ~ artisti People's artist; ~ shayırı national poet; ~ tribunası people's tribune; ~ qosıǵı folk song, popular song; ~ dástúri folk-custom; ~ komissarı tar. people's Commissar; ~ komissariatı tar. people's commissariat; ~ xojalıǵı national economy; ~ múlki (baylıǵı) national property; ~ sudı People's Court; People's Judge; ~zasedateli people's assessor; ~ demokratiyası people's democracy; ~ demokratiyası elleri People's Democracies; ~(lıq) front Popular Front; ~ biyligi democracy, sovereignty of the people; +xan n. tar. khan; Batıy ~ Baty-khan. +xana n. room; otın ~ wood-shed; pishen ~ hay-loft. +xanlıq n. tar. khanate. +xarakter n. 1) character, nature; temper; disposition; jaman ~ bad temper; túnergen ~ sullen disposition; awır ~ difficult nature; qattı ~ strong character; tik ~ straight forwardness; qattı, awır ~li bolıw to have a strong character; qattı ~li adam strong-willed person. +xarakteristika n. characteristic; character (otzıv); testimonial, reference; onıń ~sı ushın to show what he is like, to give an idea of his personality; birewge ~ beriw to give smb. a testimonial. +xarj n. expenditure, expenses; ~ etiw to spend. +xat n. 1) letter; ashıq ~ post card, open letter (gazetada járiyalanǵan); arnawlı (bahalı) ~ registered letter; 2) reading and writing script (grafik belgiler sisteması); 3) handwriting (qol jazıwı). +xat-xabar n. correspondence; mail; arnawlı ~lar registered mail; ápiwayı ~lar non-registered mail. +xatlaw v. register. +xat-sawat n. reading and writing. +xásiyet q. qásiyet. +xásiyetli q. qásiyetli. +xemopauza n. kos. chemo-pause. +xemosfera n. kos. chemo-sphere. +ximik n. chemist. +ximiya n. chemistry; organikalıq ~ organic chemistry; neorganikalıq ~ inorganic chemistry; fizikalıq ~ physical chemistry. +ximiyalıq a. chemical; ásk. gas (attr.); ~ analiz chemical analysis; ~ element (chemical) element; ~ birigiw chemical compound; ~ qálem lead-pencil; ~ laboratoriya chemical laboratory; ~ sanaat chemical industry; ~ tazalaw (kiyimdi) chemical cleaning, dry-cleaning; ~ urıs chemical warfare, gas warfare; ~ trevoga ásk. gas-alert; gas-alarm (amer.); ~ snaryad gas-shell; ~ hújim gas attack; jabayı shóplerge qarsı ~zatlar chemical weed and pest killers. +xinin 1.n. quinine; 2. a. cinchona (attr.); ~ aǵashı cinchona (tree). +xirurg n. surgeon. +xirurgiya n. surgery. +xirurgiyalıq a. surgical. +xitin n. biol. chitin. +xlor n. xim. chlorine. +xlorlı a. xim. chloric; ~ kislota chloric acid; ~ hák chloric of lime, beaching powder. +xojayın n. 1) master, boss; owner, proprietor; host (qonaqqa tiyisli); landlord; mistress, proprietress, hostess; landlady; úy ~ı master of the house; mistress of the house; awız. wife, missis; miymanxana ~ı innkeeper; landlord, host; ol jaqsı ~ he is a good manager; sport. the home players; 2) man (er); óziniń jurtınıń ~ı masters of their own country; óz táǵdiriniń ~ı masters of their own lives; ~lıq etiw 1) to keep house; to manage a household; 2) to boss it, to play the master, to lord it; basqa birewdiń jurtına ~lıq etiw to exercise one's way over a foreign country; to throw one's weight about in somebody else's country; <> jaǵdaydıń ~ı master of the situation; mal iyesine (xojayinine) usaydı like master like man; men ózime-ózim ~ I am my own master. +xojayınlıq 1.n. mastership; mastery; 2. a. ~ kóz with a thrifty master's eye; ~ kewil awdarıw (yamasa ~ dıqqat awdarıw) to take a proprietary interest (in); <> bul ~ jumısı it is for the master to decide. +xojalıq n. 1) economy; xalıq xojalıǵı National economy; úy xojalıǵı house keeping; planlastırıw xojalıǵı planned economy; awıl xojalıǵı agriculture; farming; rural economy; toǵay xojalıǵı forestry; balıqshılıq xojalıǵı fish industry; diyxanshılıq xojalıǵı grain growing; transport xojalıǵı transport; qala xojalıǵı municipal economy, city economy; úy xojalıǵı menen shuǵıllanıw to keep house, to look after the house, to be occupied with one's household; ~lı bolıw (yamasa múlkli bolıw) to acquire household effects; ~ penen bánt bolıw to be busy about the house; 2) a. x. farm; iri ~ large-scale farm; birlesken ~ collective farm; jeke ~ individual farm; kolxozshınıń jeke menshik xojalıǵı collective farmer's private production; ~tı basqarıwshı adam business industrial (economic) executive. +xokkey n. sport. hockey; shaybalı ~ ice hockey; ~ komandası hockey team. +xokkeyshi n. hockey player. +xolera 1.n. med. (Asiatic, epidemic, malignant) cholera; 2. a. choleraic; ~ epidemiyası epidemic of cholera. +xolodilnik n. refrigerator; fridge; wine cooler. +xor 1.n. chorus; choir; ~ menen in chorus; ~da qosıq aytıwshı chorister, member of a chorus; chorus-girl; 2. a. choral; ~ krujogi singing circle, chorus; ~ taqmaǵı recitation in chorus. +xorda n. mat. chord. +xoreografiya n. choreography. +xoreografiyalıq a. choreographic. +xormeyster n. teatr. leader of a chorus; choirmaster. +xram n. temple. +xren n. bot. (ósimlik hám tamırı) horse-radish. +xrestomatiya n. reader, reading-book. +xristianin n. Christian. +xrom I n. xim. chromium, chrome.
II n. box-calf (teri). +xronika n. 1) chronicle; 2) (gazetadaǵı, radiodan) news, items pl.; (kinoda) newsreel; ótken ~ chronicle of events. +xronikalı a. ~ film newsreel, topical film. +xronikyor n. chronicler, reporter. +xrustal n. 1) cut glass, crystal; 2) cut-glass ware. +xuligan n. hooligan, ruffian. +xurma n. palm, persimmon. +xurofot n. prejudice. +xızmet n. 1) service, work, job; 2) merit, desert; ~ kórsetken ilim ǵayratkeri Honoured scientist. +xızmetker n. worker; áskeriy~ serviceman; ilimiy~ scientist; úy xızmetshisi servant; patsha sarayınıń ~i courtier. +xızmetsiz a. unemployed. +xızmetshi n. 1.servant, employee; 2. footman; lackey. +hadal 1.a. 1) honest, honest-minded, upright; fair; ~ adam honest person (man); ~ adamlar people of integrity; honest-minded people; ~ at a good name; bul ~lıq emes that is not honest; that is not fair; <> ~ sóz beriw to give (to pledge) one's word of honor; ~ sózim! upon my word!, upon my honor!, honestly!, honor bright!; ~ niyetli candid, frank, openhearted; ~ niyetlilik candor, frankness; 2) edible, eatable; potable, drinkable; ~ suw drinkable water, potable water, drinkables; clean water; ~ awqat eatables; 2. adv. honestly; fair, fairly; frankly; ol ~ juwap berdi he answered honestly (frankly); ~ háreket etiw (~ júriw) to act fairly to play fair. +hadallıq n. honesty, justice; integrity, uprightness; iste ~ straight dealing. +hazar n. 1) avoidance; 2) fastidiousness, squeamishness. +hayran a. surprised, astonished. +hayranlıq n. astonishment, surprise; ~ta qalıw to be surprised (at), to be astonished. +hayt ~ qoyıw run, leave, run out, go out, go away. +haywan n. animal, cattle, live-stock, beast; tuqımlas ~ blood stock. +haywanat n. fauna, animals; ~ baǵı zoological gardens; zoo; ~ dúnyası fauna. +haq 1.n. truth; 2. a. true, right; siz ~sız you are right; 1) miynet ~ı salary, pay, fee; kirey ~ı fare; 2) bul ~qında about this (it). ~ niyetlilik n. q. hadallıq. +haqıyqat n. truth; sincerity; honesty; correctness; fact, reality; bul ~ it is the truth; it is true; bul anıq ~ that is the exact (real) truth; onıń sózinde kóp ~ nárseler bar there is a good deal of truth in what he says; bunda bir awız da ~ sóz joq there is not a word of truth in it; <> ~ erkin dem aladı (Maqal) truth has a quiet breath. +haqıyqatlıq n. 1) reality; evidence; 2) truthfulness, uprightness, veracity; turmıstı súwretlewdegi ~ fidelity to life. +haqıyqıy a. 1) real; evident; actual; true; obvious; 2) truthful, upright, veracious; ~ adam truthful (upright) man; ~ xabar true tidings pl.; ~ juwap honest (upright) answer. +haqıyqattan adv. actually, really. +haqıyqatında ~ da adv. really. +hal másele ~ boldı it is settled, the matter is settled; ~ bolıw to be settled; ~ etiw to decide, to settle, to solve. +halat n. q. hal-jay. +hal-jay n. condition, state; status, standing; situation; xojalıqtıq ~ı family status; sociallıq ~ social status; materiallıq ~ financial position; welfare standards pl.; (tutqan) ~ına qaray by one's position. +halqa n. ring. +halwa n. halvah (paste of nuts, sugar and oil). +harıǵan n. tired, weary, exhausted. +harıp-sharshaw n. tiredness, fatigue; harıp-sharshaǵanın shıǵarıw to have a rest (recreation). +harıtıw v. make one tired. +harıw v. be tired (of), get tired (with). +hasa n. stick, cane, walking stick. +hasla adv. perfectly; quite, totally, utterly. +hasıl a. 1) pure-blooded; thoroughbred, of pure breed; ~ tuqımlımal thoroughbred cattle; 2) precious; ~ tas precious stone, gem; 3) real; genuine, true; essential. +hasıldar a. 1) fertile; 2) fruitful; productive; abundant. +hawa 1. n. air; ~ alıw to take an airing; dógerektegi ~ ambient air; kosmoslıq~ airspace; aerospace; 2. a. ~ filtri air filter. 3. ~ rayı 1) n. heat, fever, temperature; 2) climate; weather; ~ maǵlıwmatı weather forecast. +hawalı a. airy, aired, filled with air. +hawasız a. airless. +hawlıǵıw v. be afraid (of); be alarmed. +hawız n. pond; fish-pond; nurse-pond (balıq ushın). +hayal n. 1) woman, lady; female; ~ vrach lady doctor; ~ shopan shepherdess; 2) wife. +hádiyse n.1) wreck; 2) ruin, loss, destruction. +hádiyseli a. disastrous, ruinous, fatal. +hájet n. need, necessity. +ház n. delight, enjoyment, amusement; ~lik etiw to take pleasure, to live in amusement. +házil n. joke, jest; fun. +házilkesh n. wag, joker, jester. +házillesiw I v. joke, jest, fun.
II n. advances; make advances (to); flirt (with). +házir I adv. ready, prepared; ~ bolıw to be ready.
II adv. now, just, at present; ~ ǵana just now. +házirgi a. 1) present, present day; ~ waqıtta nowadays; ~ máhál gram. present tense; ~ (zaman) inglis tili modern English; 2) following, next. +házirleniw v. get ready (for), prepare oneself (for), to be going to. +házirlew v. prepare, make ready. +házlik n. delight, enjoyment; ~ etiw to take pleasure, to enjoy; pleasure, amusement. +hák n. lime; ~ tas lime-stone; ~tiń eritindisi white-wash. +hákis n. reflection; ~ bolıw to be reflected; ~ jaǵdayda otherwise. +hákisinshe adv. the wrong, other, way (round); ol hámme isti ~ isleydi he does everything the wrong way round. +hákislik n. obstinacy, stubbornness; ~ etiw to be obstinate, persist. +hákke n. magpie. +háklengen a. whitewashed. +háklew v. whitewash. +hálsiz a. 1) feeble, sickly; weak; 2) puny, undersized. +hálsirew v. weaken. +hám conj. 1) and, else; also, too; jer ~ aspan the earth and the sky; 2) even. +hámel n. 1) rank, grade; joqarı ~de bolıw to have a high rank; ~ge kóteriliw to have risen to the higher ranks, to have attained the higher ranks; 2) promotion. +hámeldar n. official; functionary; bureaucrat. +hámme pron. defin. all, every, all the..., everybody; kitaplardıń ~sin alıp kel! bring all the books!; ~ keldi everybody is here (everybody is present). ~ jerde adv. throughout; everywhere. +hápte n. week; ótken ~ last week; bir ~den soń in a week; eki ~ fortnight. +háptelik a. weekly; ~ jurnal weekly journal. +hár pron. def. every; everybody; ~ biri every of them, each of them; ~ waqıt always, all time; constantly; ~ jaqlama detail; overall; ~ kim everybody, every; ~ nárse everything, various, different, all kinds; ~ qaysı every, all; ~ qanday any; ~ qashan always, every time, all the time; ~ qashanǵıday as usual; ~ tárepleme adv. thoroughly, in detail, from all sides. +háreket n. 1) act; ~ etiw to move, to advance, to act; zakon menen ~ etiw to keep the rule; (~ke keltiriw) iske asırıw to carry on; waqıttı ótirmey háreket etiw to go straight to the heart of the matter; to take the bull by the horns (idiom); 2) movement, motion; 3) kóshe ~i traffic. +háreketli adv. mobile, active, agile (adam haqqında). +háreketsiz a. immovable, motionless. +hárip n. letter; bas ~ capital letter; kishi ~ small letter. +hárre n. wasp; humble-bee; bee; túkli ~ humble-bee; qızıl ~ hornet; ~niń uyası 1) hive (pal hárresiniki); 2) wasp hole, wasp-nest; hornet's nest; pal ~tutıwshı (hayal) wasp-waist; wasp-waisted (lady); ~niń uyasın buzıw (yamasa tiyiw) to stir up a nest of hornet; to bring a hornet nest about one's ear's. +hásem a. nice, beautiful. +hásiret n. grief, distress, misfortune. +háste n. lamp-holder. +hátte adv. even, even if. +háwes 1.a. thirsty (for); craving (for, after); ~ bolıw to crave (for); 2. n. wish (for), desire (for), longing (for), hunger (for). +háwesker 1.n. amateur, dilettante, lover; kórkem óner háweskerligi amateur art; 2. attr. ~ler spektakli amateur theatricals. +háweskerlik n. animation, passion (for, smth.); flame. +háwij n. (the) culmination; the highest paint; summit; ~ alıw to reach the high point; ~ alǵan in full swing. +háwli n. yard, court; farmstead. +háwli-hárem n. country-house. +hesh pron. indef. neither; ~ bir no one, nothing, anything; ~ qayda (jerde) nowhere; ~ kim no one, anyone; ~ kim keldime? has anyone come?; ~ kim kelmedi no one has come; ~ qaerde nowhere. +hiyle 1.a. cunning, sly, crafty; ~ qılıw, ~ etiw to be cunning; 2. n. slyness, cunningness, craftiness. +hiyleker 1.n. sly, cunning one; slyboots; crafty man; 2. a. sly, cunning; artful; crafty. +hiylekerlik n. cunning, slyness, trick, pretence; ~ etiw to pretend, to be cunning; ~ penen craftily, cunningly. +hiylekershilik n. 1) cunning, slyness; guile; craft; 2) ruse; áskeriy ~ war ruse, stratagem; ~ salıw to resort to cunning; ~ etiw (~ islew) to use cunning, to be cunning, to be crafty; birewge ~ islew to dodge (smb.). +hijran n. parting, separation. +him inter. hem!, h'm!, hum! +hinji n. pearl; ~ menen bezew to pearl. +hól 1.a. wet, moist, humid, damp; 2. n. moisture; dampness. +hóllew v. moisten, damp; wet, soak. +hólli q. hól. +hújdan n. conscience; sab ~ good (clear) conscience; ~ erkinligi the freedom of conscience; ~ı menen with conscience; ~ menen sóylegende honestly speaking. +hújdanlı 1.a. honest, honest-minded, upright; conscientious; ~ adam honest person (man); ~ adamlar people of integrity, honest-minded people; 2. adv. honestly; fairly. +hújdanlılıq n. conscientiousness. +hújdansız a. dishonest, unscrupulous. +hújdansızlıq n. dishonesty. +huquq 1.n. right; saylaw ~ı vote suffrage; 2. license (mashina aydaw haqqında); ~tan ayırıw to disqualify. +hújim n. 1) attack, assault; raid; hawa-kosmoslıq ~ aerospace raid, aerospace attack; kosmoslıq keńislikten ~ (jasaw) space attack; hawadan ~ jasaw to raid air attack; 2) (futbolda) forwards pl.; first line; ~ jasaw to attack. +hújimshi n. (hújimge qatnasıwshı) raider. +húkim n. decision, judgment, decree (sudta); ~ shıǵarıw to pass a resolution. +húkimet n. power, state, government, authority, rule. +húr n. mif. fairy. +húrmet n. 1) honor, respect, esteem; glory, fame; 2) submission, obedience; ~ penen submissively; ~ etiw (tıńlaw) to submit (to), to obey. +húrmetli a. respected, respectable, honorable, respectful. +húrmetlew v. respect. +húrmetsiz a. disrespectful. +húrmetsizlik n. disrespect. +ceziy n. xim. caesium. +Ceylon a. Ceylon (attr.), of Ceylon; ~ shayı, kofesi Ceylon tea, coffee. +ceytnot n. shaxm. time, trouble; ~ta qalıw to exceed one's time. +cellofan n. cellophane. +celluloid n. celluloid. +cellyuloza n. cellulose. +cement 1.n. cement; 2. a. cement (attr.); ~ eritpesi cement solution; cement mortar; ~ sanaatı cement industry; ~ zavodı cement works. +cementlew I v. cement.
II n. cementation. +cenz n. qualification; right; saylaw ~i electoral, qualification; bilim ~i educational qualification; múlk ~i property qualification. +cenzor n. censor. +cenzura 1.n. censorship; ~dan ótken passed by the censor; licensed; 2. a. censorial. +cent n. cent (AQShta hám basqa ellerde mayda aqsha birligi). +centner n. centner. +centralizm n. siyas. centralism; demokratik ~ democratic centralism. +cex n. work-shop, shop, department; ~ baslıǵı a shop superintendant; prokat ~ı rolling shop; quyıw ~ı casting shop; founding shop; jıynaw ~ı assembly shop, assembly department. +cian 1.n. xim. (reńsiz záhárli gaz) cyanogen; 2. a.cyanic. +civilizaciya n. civilization. +cikl n. cycle; óndiris ~i production cycle; lekciya, koncertler ~i a series of lectures, concerts. +ciklon n. cyclone. +cilindr n. mat., tex. cylinder drum. +cink n. xim. zinc. +cinkografiya n. poligr.1) zincography; 2) zincographer's shop. +cirk 1.n. circus; 2. a. ~ oyını circus performance. +cirkshi n. 1) circus actor; acrobat; 2) circus rider; equestrian; horsewoman. +cirkul n. (pair of) compasses. +cisterna n. cistern, tank; water-cart; vagon-~ tank-car. +citata 1.n. quotation, citation; ~ keltiriw to cite, to quote; 2. a. quotation (attr.); ~ materialı quotations pl. +citrus n. citric plants. +ciferblat n. dial(plate), face; saat ~ı clock-dial, clock-face. +cokol n. socle; ~ qabat ground floor. +cukat n. candied fruit, candied peel. +cıgan n. Gipsy; ~ tili the Gipsy language, Gipsy; Romany, Romani. +chay n. (shay) 1) tea; suyıq~ weak tea; kók ~ green tea; qara ~ black tea; qıtay ~ı China tea; ceylon ~ı Ceylon tea; bir kese ~ a cup of tea; bir kese ~ǵa mirat etiw to ask (to invite) to tea; ~ qasıq tea-spoon; ~ servizi tea-set; tea-service; ~ plantaciyası tea-plantation; ~ dúkanı tea shop; taxta ~ brick-tea; tile tea; 2) túski awqattan keyingi ~ five-o'clock tea; 3) tea-party; ~ uyımlastırıw to arrange a tea-party, to give a tea-party; ~ egiwshi tea-grower; tea-growing; ~ iship otırıw, ~ ishiw menen waqıt ótkeriw to sit long over one's tea, to have a cozy tea; ~ pulı tip; gratuity; ~ ishiw, ~ ishiwshilik tea-drinking; ~ teriw (jıynaw) tea-harvesting; ~ teriwshi (jıynawshı) mashina tea-harvester; ~ japıraǵı tea-leaf. +chaynek n.q. sháynek. +chayxana n. q. shayxana. +chayxanshı n. q. shayxanashı. +chek 1.n. cheque, check; ~ boyınsha tólew to meet a cheque; ~ jazıw to draw a cheque; ~ boyınsha aqsha alıw to cash a check; ~ti ótew to cash a cheque; waqtı ótken ~ overdue cheque; 2. a. ~ kitapshası cheque-book. +chemodan n. suit-case; trunk (kishkene) portmanteau; ~ǵa salıw to pack a suit-case. +chempion n. champion, title-holder; jer júziniń ~ı champion of the world; shaxmattan, bokstan, t. b. ~ chess, boxing etc. champion. +chempionat n. sport. championship, tournament. +chempionlıq n. championship. +cherdak n. garret. +cheryomuxa n. 1) (aǵashı) bird-cherry tree; 2) (gúli) bird-cherry. +cherepica n. 1) tile; 2) tile (attr.); ~ menen jabılǵan jaydıń tóbesi tiled roof, tiling; ~ zavodı tile factory. +chereshnya n. 1) (sweet) cherries pl.; 2) (sweet) cherry; 3) (aǵashı) cherry-tree. +cherkes 1.n. Circassian; 2. a. ~ tili Circassian, the Circassian language; ~ qızı (hayalı) Circassian girl, Circassian woman. +cherkeska n. (kiyim) Circassian coat (long waisted outer garment) (Kavkazdaǵılardıń úst kiyimi). +chernovik n. 1) rough copy; 2) rough-notebook. +chernovoy a. rough; draft (attr.). +chesnok n. garlic. +chex n. Czech; ~ tili the Czech language. +chilili a., n. Chilean, Chile (attr.). +chinovnik n. official; functionary; bureaucrat. +chukotlı a., n. Chukchi man; Chukchi woman. +chum n. tent (of skins or bark). +chuvash n.a. Chuvash; Chuvash woman; ~ tili Chuvash, the Chuvash language. +shabaq n. 1) bream (freshwater fish); 2) gudgeon. +shaban 1.a. sluggish; slow; ~ adam slowcoach, laggard; 2. adv. ~ turde sluggishly. +shabandaz n. horseman, rider, jockey. +shabanlıq n. sluggishness. +shabar n. q. shabarman. +shabarman n. messenger, herald; special messenger, express messenger, courier. +shabdal 1.n. 1) peach (miywesi); 2) peach (tree) (aǵashı); 2.a. peachy; ~ aǵashı peach-tree. +shabıs n. horse-race sg.; race-meeting sg.; the races; flat race(s). +shabıw I n. 1) raid, inroad; foray; shabıl jasaw to raid; to foray a plundering raid (on), to make a plundering raid (on); 2) galloping, furious galloping, violent galloping.
II v. cut, dig, kill up; shawıp óltiriw to kill with an ax(e). +shabıwıl n. raid; ~jasaw to raid; ~ǵa qatnasıwshı raider. +shaǵal n. gravel. +shaǵala n. seagull; gull; mew (gull). +shaǵıw I v. 1) break, crash (shańǵalaqtı); 2) shırpını ~ to strike a match.
II n. lightning. +shad a. glad, merry, joyful, happy; ~ bolıw to be glad, to be happy; ~ etiw, qılıw to make glad, happy. +shadlanıw v. be pleased, be glad; rejoice. +shadlı q. shad. +shadlıq n. joy, gladness. +shay n. q. chay +shayxana n. tea-house; tea-room(s). +shayxanshı n. tea-house keeper, tea-dealer. +shayka 1) group, a lot of; 2) gang, band; urılardıń ~sı band of thieves, gang of thieves, robbers. +shayqalıw v. rock, swing, stagger. +shayqaw v. 1) beat up, whip (máyekti, kóbikti); 2) rock, shake; sway or move back and forth; swing, dandle; shamal aǵashtı shayqaydı the wind shakes the trees; qayıq shayqaldı the boat is rolling (rocking) and pitching; ol jaǵınan bul jaǵına shayqaldı he was reeling from side to side; basın ~ to shake one's head. +shaynaw v. chew, ruminate, masticate. +shaytan 1.n. devil, deuce, she-devil; hag, witch; 2. a. ~nıń the devil's own; damned; ~ barmaǵı thunderstone, thunderbolt. +shayı n. silk; ~ kóylek silk shirt. +shayır I n. poet; poetess. +shaq n. 1) horn; antler (suwınnıń shaqı); <> adam tilinen, mal shaqınan baylanadı (Naqıl) a cursed cow has short horns. +shaqa n. branch, bough twig. +shaqalaq n. newborn child, baby. +shaqalaw v. branch out; ramify. +shaqalı a. branchy. +shaqqan 1.a. 1) brisk, nimble; 2) quick; swift; prompt, efficient; ~ jigit prompt fellow, efficient fellow; ~ bol! be quick!; 2.adv. 1) swiftly, quickly; 2) in a moment, in no time; ~ kirip ketiw to whisk, to flit; toparǵa ~ kirip ketiw to plunge into the crowd. +shaqqanlastırılǵan a. forced; ~ marsh ásk. forced march. +shaqqanlastırıw I v. speed up, force.
II n. speeding up, forcing. +shaqqanlıq n. quickness, swiftness; agility, promptness; efficiency. +shaqırıq n. 1) call; appeal; slogan; telefon (nan) shaqırıǵı telephone call; 2) (jarısqa, duelge m.b.) challenge (to); socialistlik jarısqa ~ challenge to socialist emulation; ~ taslaw to defy, to challenge; to throw down the gauntlet (idioma); ~tı qabıl alıw to accept a challenge; to take up the gauntlet (idiom); 2) (buyrıq mánisinde, keliwge) summons; ~ xat invitation card. +shaqırıw v. 1) call; 2) send (for); ójireden sırtqa ~ to call out of the room; telefonnan ~ to ring up; to call up on the phone; doktor ~ to call the doctor; to send for the doctor; aktyordı ~ to call an actor before the curtain; avtordı ~ to call for the author; doskaǵa (oqıwshını) ~ to call out, to call to the blackboard; 2) (jarısqa, urısqa) challenge; duelge ~ to challenge to a duel; 3) (keliwge buyırıw) summon; sudqa ~ to cite, to summon; 3) crow (qoraz haqqında). +shal 1) n. old man; 2) a. old. +shala a. unfinished, undone; ~ tuwılǵan bala prematurely born child. +shalasawat a. half-educated, semiliterate, illiterate. +shalbar n. trousers pl. +shalǵı n. scythe. +shalqa ~ sına jatıw to lay on one's back; ~sına júziw to swim on one's back. +shalqaytıw v. turn off, distract. +shalt a. brisk, nimble. +shalshıq n. puddle, pool. +shalıqtırıw v. tire out, exhaust; overdrive (at haqqında). +sham n. candle. +shamadan adv. without thinking twice; at random. +shamal n. wind, breeze (jeńil); qarsı ~ head wind, contrary wind; kúshli ~ gale, storm wind; arqadan esken ~ fair wind, tail-wind; qaptaldan esken ~ lateral wind, cross-wind; teńizdiń kúshli ~ı high wind, half a gale; júdákúshli~ teń. fresh gale; jeńil ~fresh wind, fresh breeze; qattı ~ strong wind; jaǵımlı~ gentle breeze; ólpeń ~ teń. light-air; jaǵadan esken ~off-shore wind; ~ turdı (kóterildi) the wind has risen; ~ǵa qarsı against the wind; in the wind's eye (idiom); in the teeth of the wind (idiom); ~dıń ıǵına before the wind, down the wind; <> murnın ~ǵa kóteriw trim one's sails to the wind; <> shamal bolmasa terektiń ushı qıymıldamaydı (Maqal) no smoke without fire. +shamalaw v. suppose, assume; reckon. +shamallaw v. catch cold, (take) catch a chill. +shana n. sledge. +shandırlı a. sinewy, stringy (gósh haqqında). +shanshıw I v. thrust (in), drive in a knife.
II n. med. colic. +shań n. dust; spray; kómirdiń ~ı coal-dust; slack; ~ basıw to be covered with dust, to be powdered with dust; ~ın súrtiw to dust; <> kózine qum quyıw cut a dash, show off. +shańǵalaq n. stone; eriktish ~ǵı stone of apricot, apricot-stone. +shańǵıtıw v. raise dust, fill the air with dust; get dusty, become dusty. +shańlı a. dusty; it is dusty; ~ shúberek duster. +shapalaq n. applause sg.; clapping sg.; cheers; qattı, dawamlı ~ loud and prolonged applause sg.; qattı ~ storm of applause sg.; loud cheers. +shapalaqlaw v.applaud, cheer; qattı~ to acclaim; to applaud to the echo, to cheer to the echo. +shapan n. oriental robe; kúnlik ~ overalls pl. +shapan-papap n. overalls pl.; dressing-gown. +shapqı a. 1) fast horse; runner; ~ at racehorse, racer; 2) skipper, jumper. +shapqır a. race (attr.), racing; ~ at racehorse; racer. +shapshıw v. 1) skip, jump, caper; hop, lope; 2) gallop; set off at a gallop. +shar n. ball, sphere; jer ~ı (the terrestrial) globe; hawa ~ı balloon; orb; ~ushırıw to release a balloon; <> sınaw ~ı ballon d'essai (fr.). +sharap n. wine; drink. +sharapat n. nobility, nobleness. +sharapatlı a. noble; ~ háreket noble action; noble deed; ~ metallar noble metals, precious metals; <> ~ gaz rare gas. +sharasız a. forced; ~ qonıw forced landing, emergency landing. +sharayat n. condition; environment; hawa-kosmoslıq ~kos. aerospace environment. +sharbaq n. 1) yard, courtyard; bastırmalı ~ covered (court) yard; 2) (peasant) household; farm-stead; <> ~ta out of doors; outside. +sharlaw v. sharpen. +sharwa n. cattle-breeder. +sharwashılıq 1.n. (life-) stock-raising, live-stock farming; cattle-breeding, cattle-rearing; 2.a. cattle-breeding (attr.), stock-raising (attr.); ~ sovxozı cattle-breeding sovkhoz, cattle-breeding state farm; ~ fermaları live-stock farms; ~ ónimleri animal produce sg. +sharshatıw v. tire out, exhaust; overdrive (at haqqında). +sharshaw v. be tired. +sharshı n. shawl; kerchief; qol ~ (pocket) handkerchief. +sharf n. scarf. +shatır n. tent, marquee; ~da ásk. under canvas. +shatıs n. confusion, muddle, mess, jumble. +shatıslıq n. q. shatıs. +shatıstırıw v. 1) tangle; 2) confuse; confuse (with); 3) mix up, implicate; 4) get confused; 5) keep company (with), get entangled (with). +shawqım n. noise; murmur; hubbub, uproar; kosmoslıq ~ cosmic noise; ~ kóteriw to make a noise; to raise, yamasa set up, a clamor; ~laspań!, ~dı toqtatıń! stop this noise!, don't noise!; shamaldıń (tolqınnıń) ~ı noise (sound) of the wind (waves); sawashtıń ~ı roar of battle; toǵaydıń ~ı murmur of the forest; japıraqtıń ~ı rustle of leaves; qulaqta ~ buzzing in the ears; <> ~ shıǵarıw kick up a row; cause; sensation; ~sız without a fuss; qurı ~ much ado about nothing; ala ~ hell of a noise; hue-and-cry; hubbub; sensation, racket, ballyhoo. +shawqımlasıw v. 1) make a noise; be noisy; balalar shawqımlasıp atır the children are making a lot of noise; the children are noisy; 2) kick up a raw; 3) make a song, talk a lot. +shawqımlı a. noisy; loud; tumultuous; ~ qalalar noisy towns, bustling towns; ~ tabıs sensational success, tremendous success. +shawqımsız a. without a fuss. +shawqımshıl a. q. shawqımlı. +shawlıq n. ~ bala great-grandson; ~ qız great-granddaughter. +shaw-shaw hue-and-cry; hubbub. +shaxmat n. 1) chess; ~ oynaw to play chess; 2) chessman; ~ oyını (game of) chess; ~ jarısı chess tournament; ~ doskası chess-board; ~ (partiyası) oyını game of chess. +shaxmatlap adv. in chessboard order; in staggered rows. +shaxta n. mine; pit; tas-kómir ~sı coal pit. +shaxtashı n. miner; ~lar kúni Miner's Day. +shash n. hair; qara ~ black hair sg.; aq ~ grey hair sg.; burım ~ plait; onıń burımı (~ı) uzın that girl has long plaits; mańlay ~ fringe, bang (of hair); forelock; ~ taraw to do one's hair; <> tóbe ~ı tikke turıw one's hair stands on end; ~qa ilinip turıw it is far-fetched; ~ın julıw to tear one's hair; ~ aldırıw to have one's hair cut; <> ~tıń ushına shekem uyattan qızarıw blush to the roots of one's hair. +shashbaw n. ribbon, fillet; (hat) band. +shashka n. draught; ~ oynaw to play draughts; to play checkers. +shashlı a. hairy, shaggy. +shashpa n. q. pıtıra. +shashtárez n. barber (erler ushın); hairdresser (hayallar ushın); ~xana barber's; barber's shop (erler ushın); hair-dressing saloon; hair-dresser's (hayallar ushın). +shashıratıw v. splash, spray, sprinkle. +shashıw v. pour; strew; scatter. +shaxzada n. king's daughter, shah's daughter king's son, shah's son. +shayan n. scorpion. +sháynek n. tea-pot. +shákirt n. apprentice. +shámen n. blossoming, flowering. +shembi n. Saturday; ~ sayın on Saturdays, every Saturday; ullı ~ cerk. Holy Saturday. +sháńgil n. scoop, dipper, ladle. +shárt 1) n. condition, clause, necessity; keliwińiz ~ it is necessary for you to come; you are to come; 2) gram. conditional, conditional sentence. +shártli a. conditional, conventional; ~ belgi conventional sign. +sháwket a. grandeur, sublimity. +sháwketli a. majestic, grand, sublime. +sháwle n. gruel, porridge. +sháhár n. city; town. +shved n. Swede; ~tili the Swedish language. +shveycar n. hall-porter; door-keeper. +shveycariyalı n. Swiss. +sheber a. skilled, qualified; ~ mergen good shot; sniper; ~lik penen skillfully, masterly; ~ bolıw to become skillful; to become experienced; to become skilled. +sheberlik n. skill; mastership. +shege I n. nail; peg (aǵash); hobnail (etik ushın).
II n. sand. +shegelew v. nail. +shegera n. geogr. 1) frontier, boundary, border; 2) furrow; hawa ~sı air boundary. +shegeralanıw v. border (on, upon). +shegerashı n. frontier guard. +shegeshin n. zool. teal. +sheginiw v. retreat. +shegiw v. smoke. +shejire n. chronicle, annals pl. +sheyin adv. till, until, to; since. +shek I n. boundary, bound, end, limit, precinct; qalanıń shegi city (town) boundaries pl.; qalanıń sheginde within the precincts of a town.
II n. lots, fate; ~ taslaw to throw lots. +sheke n. cheek; temple (part of head); ~si quwsıyǵan sunken cheeks; ~sineurıw to give smb. a slap in the face; eki ~sinen súyiw to kiss on both cheeks; ~sine qoyıw to turn the cheek. +shekem q. sheyin. +sheker I n. granulated sugar.
II n. bucket. +shekil n. form, figure. +sheksiz n. boundless. +shekshek n. cicada, cicala, cigala; locust; grasshopper. +shelek n. pail, bucket; sıpırındı ushın ~ dust-bin. +shemirshek n. anat. cartilage. +shen adv. near; shenime kelme yamasa shenime jolama! don't (not) come near me! +sheń n. measure; ~in alıw (shenew) to take smb's measure. +sheńew v. measure. +sheńber n. circle; ~ boyınsha aylanıw to circle; ay dógeregindegi ~ kos. ring around the moon; kún dógeregindegi ~ ring around the sun. +shep a. left; ~ke to the left; ~ qol left hand. +sherek n. quarter; saat sheregi kem eki it is a quarter to two; ~ ásir a quarter of a century; ~ bahasına alıw to buy for a quarter (of) the price. +sherik n. partner, companion, colleague, fellow. +sherim n. 1) leather; 2) sole. +shermende a. disgraced, disgraceful, ashamed; ~ bolıw to disgrace oneself; ~ etiw to disgrace; to dishonor, to cause shame. +shermendelik n. disgrace. +shertek n. field-camp. +shertiw v. 1) snap one's fingers; fillip; 2) play; sırnay ~ to whistle. +shet n. 1.1) border; 2) margin (dápterdiń ashıq sheti); 3) edge, brim; ~ten alıw adoption; borrowing; 2. a. 1) bordering, marginal; 2) extreme. +shetlew v. avoid, shun, keep away (from). +sheshek n. med. smallpox. +sheshen 1.n. orator; speaker; 2. a. oratorical; skillful; <> sózge ~, iske meshel (Maqal) an idle person's tongue is never idle. +sheshiliw v. 1) get (come) undone; get untied, be untied; solve, be solved (settled); 2) be taken off, lay off. +sheshindiriw v. undress, disrobe. +sheshiw v. 1) untie, put off; 2) settle. +shigit n. cotton seed. +shider n. fetter. +shiderlew v. fetter. +shiye n. cherry. +shiyki a. green, raw, uncooked. +shiyrin a. sweet, delicious, tasty, palatable. +shiyrinlik n. sweetness, dainty. +shiyshe n. 1) glass; 2) bottle; bir ~ átir suw bottle of perfume (scent); átir suwdıń ~si scent bottle. +shiyshenbi n. Tuesday. +shilpárshe n. smithereens; ~ qılıw to smash to (into) smithereens. +shilter n. lamp-burner. +shimpanze n. chimpanzee. +shinel n. greatcoat, over coat (amer.). +shiriw I v. rot, decay; stink, spoil, putrefy; shiriy baslaw to go out, to die out, to be out.
II n. rotting. +shirkew n. church. +shifer n. slate, roofing slate. +shifr n. 1.cipher, code; 2. (kitapxanada) call number. +shkaf n. cupboard (ıdıs-tabaq ushın); dresser; wardrobe (kiyim-kenshekler ushın); bookcase (kitap ushın). +shlang n. hose. +shoynaq a. q. aqsaq. +shoyın n. cast iron; taplawga bolatuǵın ~ malleable cast iron; som~ grey iron; quyma ~ foundry iron; jıltır ~ specular cast iron; spiegeleisen; ~ qazan cast-iron kettle; cast-iron pot. +shokolad 1.n. chocolate; taxta ~ chocolate in bars; 2. a. chocolate; ~ fabrikası chocolate factory. +shoq I a. 1.merry, gay, lively, jolly; cheerful, cheery; ~ jigit cheer vial; full fellow; jovial fellow; ~ qız jolly little girl; ~ bolıw to be merry; 2. adv. merrily, gaily; waqıttı ~ etip ótkeriw to have a good (jolly) time.
II n. group; cluster; clump; ~ atawlar, tamashagóyler cluster of islands, of spectators.
III n. embers. +shoqqı n. peak, top, summit. +shoqlıq n. gaiety, joviality, liveliness, hilarity. +shoqıw v. peep (at). +sholan n. cold store; ~ vagon ice-car; ~ sudno refrigerator ship. +sholpan n. astr. Venus. +shomılıw v. bathe, swim. +shopan n. shepherd, herdsman, shepherdess (hayal). +shor a. salt, salty, salted. +shorqat a. incapable, dull, unable. +shorpa n. soup. +shorpıldatıw v. (erni menen) smack one's lips; (shorp ettirip) shorpıldatıp súyiw to give a smacking kiss. +shortan n. pike; ling (meńizdiki). +shorshıw I v. 1) start, flinch, wince; 2) quiver; shorshıp ketiw to start; to give a start (kútpegen jerden yamasa ańsızda); to shudder (qorqınıshtan); to wince, flinch (awırǵannan).
II n. 1) start, starting; flinching, wincing; 2) quiver, quivering. +shorı n. 1) servant, maid; 2) slave maid. +shosse n. highway; avtomobil ushın ~ motor road. +shotlandlı 1.n. Scotchman, Scot; Scotsman; Scotchwoman, Scotswoman; 2. a. Scottish, Scotch; ~ tili Scots, the Scottish language. +shofyor n. chauffeur, (motor-car) driver; taksi ~ı taxi-cab driver, taxi-driver, taxi-man. +shoshqa n. pig, swine; ~xana pigsty; ~nıń torayı piggy; <> iyt joqta ~ úrer (Maqal) when the cat's away, the mice will play. +shógiw v. 1) sink, fall, kneel; 2) drown (zat haqqında). +shóje n. chicken; <> shójeni gúzde sana (Maqal) don't count your chickens before they are hatched. +shókkish n. hammer. +shókkishlew v. hammer. +shól 1.a. thirsty; ~lew to be thirsty; 2. n. 1) waste, desert; 2) thirsty. +shólatlıq q. shólistan. +shólistan n. desert, waste, wilderness. +shólkem n. organization; Birlesken Milletler ~i (BMSh) United Nations Organization (UNO); kos. kosmostı izertlew boyınshsha Evropalıq ~ European Space Research Organization; baylanıs sputniklerin ushırıw boyınsha Evropalıq ~ European Communications Satellite Organization; raketa alıp ushıwshılardı islep shıǵarıw boyınsha Evropalıq ~ European Launcher Development Organization. +shólkemlestiriw v. organize. +shólkemlestiriwshi n. organizer. +shóllew v. be thirsty. +shómish n. scoop; ~lep shorpa quyıw to scoop up (out) soup. +shóp n. 1) grass; jabayı ~ weed; teńiz shóbi sea-weed; grass-wrack; em ~ (medicinal) herbs; ~te jatıw to lie on the grass; 2) twig; <> ~ salıw to throw lots. +shópshek n. tale, riddle, puzzle. +shórek n. small loaf (of bread); hoe-cake. +shnur n. 1) string, cord; 2) flex, shoe-laces (tufli ushın). +shpion n. spy. +shpionlıq n. espionage; ~ etiw to spy. +shpric n. syringe. +shrift n. print, type, (kursiv) italic type, italics. +shtab n. staff, headquarters (staff); Bas ~ Armed Forces Staff; teńiz ~ı naval staff; ~ oficeri staff officer. +shtanga n. sport. weight. +shtat I n. staff; ~tıń keńeyiwi an increase in staff.
II n. state; Amerika Qurama Shtatları the United States of America. +shtraf n. fine, penalty; ~ tólew to pay a fine. +shubaltıw v. mix up; make a mess of. +shuqanaq n. depth. +shuqır n. pit; hole; ~ qazıw to dig a hole; sıpırındı ~ı dust-heap, refuse pit; kómir(ge) ushın ~ coal bunker; <> birewge ~ qazıw to make a pitfall for smb., to prepare a pitfall for smb.; <> kisige (birewge) shuqır qazsań óziń jıǵılarsań (Maqal) he that mischief hatches, mischief catches; mind you don't fall into your own trap. +shulıq n. stocking; jún ~ woolen stocking; jipek ~ silk stockings. +shuńqır a. deep. +shúberek n. rag, shred. +shúdigar n. field; arable land. +shúdigarlaw v. plough; till. +shúyde n. back of the head. +shúyel n. corn; wart; mole. +shúmiw n. diving. +shıbıq n. rod, twig, whip; shoot. +shıbın n. fly; gnat; mosquito. +shıbın-shirkey n. insect. +shıǵanaq n. elbow; ~ penen urıw (túrtiw) to elbow. +shıǵar mod. w. perhaps; maybe, possibly; ol kelgen ~ he may have come, perhaps he has come. +shıǵarma n. work; composition; muzıkalıq ~ musical composition; tańlawlı ~lar selected works, selection of works. +shıǵarıw I v. 1) let out; let go; 2) export; take out; set free, release (azatlıqqa); 3) issue (zayom, aqsha); 4) bring out, print, publish (baspadan shıǵarıw); 5) produce, put out (azıq-awqat, zat); sawdaǵa ~ to put on sale; bazarǵa ~ to put on the market; shıǵarıp taslaw to exclude; 6) mint, coin; teńge quyıp ~ to mint; medal quyıp ~ to strike medals; 7) tex. chase; caulk; 8) qálemniń ushın ~ to sharpen a pencil; <> sóz shıǵarıw to rap out the words; <> yadtan ~ to raze from one's memory; efface from one's mind.
II n. 1) coinage; teńge quyıp ~ coinage; teńge quyıp ~ǵa huquq bolıw mintage; 2) tex. chasing; caulking; 3) export, exportation. +shıǵarıwshı n. 1) exporter; 2) producer; basıp ~ publisher, editor. +shıǵın n. expenditure; aqshalay ~ expense; qurı ~ waste of smth. +shıǵıs n. 1) East; Uzaq ~ the Far East; Jaqın ~ the Near East; Orta ~ the Middle East; ~qa to the east (of); east (wards) of; ~ta in the east; ~qa barıw to go east (eastward); 2) outlet; way out; exit; street door; mouth; 3) origin; provenance; birth, parentage, descent, extraction, lineage; ~ına qaray by birth; sociallıq ~ı social origin. +shıǵıslı a. eastern, east, oriental; easterly. +shıǵıw I v. 1) go out, come out, ascend, get out, alight (vagonnan); 2) be published; appear, come out (gazeta, jurnal); 3) teethe (tis); joqarı ~ to mount.
II n. exit, outlet, way out. +shıdam n. patience; forbearance, endurance; hardiness; ~ beriw, ~ qılıw to suffer, to endure; to undergo; qıyınshılıqqa ~ beriw to undergo hardships; awrıwǵa ~ beriw to suffer pain; suwıqqa ~ beriw to endure cold. +shıdamlı a. patient of great endurance, hardy; ol dım ~ he is capable of great endurance. +shıdamlılıq n. endurance; hardiness (ósimlik haqqında); staying power (turaqlı); fortitude (moral haqqında), patience, forbearance. +shıdamsız a. impatient. +shıdamsızlıq n. impatience. +shıdaw v. 1) endure, suffer, undergo; awırıwǵa ~ to suffer pain; suwıqqa ~ to endure cold; 2) stand, bear; ol endi bunday awırıwǵa shıday almaydı he cannot bear (stand) such a pain any longer; júdá suwıq bolsada, olarǵa ~ kerek boldı it was very cold, but they had to put up with it; 3) tolerate, support, endure; bunday uyatsızlıqqa ~ múmkinbe? how can such insolence be tolerated, yamasa borne?; ol oyınǵa shıdamaydı he cannot take a joke; <> ~ǵa bolmaydı not bear not stand, not endure; ol bularǵa shıday almaydı he can't bear them; buǵan shıday almayman I can't stand it; I hate it. +shıjbaylaw v. scribble, write; bir-neshe sóz ~ to drop a line. +shıyqan n. boil, furuncle. +shıyratıw v. twist. +shıldırlatıw v. tinkle; to make someone a tinkle. +shılım n. cigarette; ~shegiw 1) to smoke; 2) smoking. +shımshıq n. sparrow. +shımtım n. pinch; bir ~ chay pinch of tea; bir ~ temeki pinch of snuff. +shımshıw v. (shımshıp alıw) 1) pinch, nip, tweak; 2) bite (suwıq haqqında); birin biri ~ to pinch each other; 3) nibble, browse. +shımıldıq n. fiancée curtain, fiancée shutter (special blind behind which fiancée spends the first night after the wedding party). +shın a. 1) real, true; ~ın aytqanda to tell the truth; 2) ~ júrekten adv. sincerely, frankly, candidly; eagerly, with enthusiasm, with ardor; with (great) pleasure. +shınar n. bot. plane (-tree). +shınjır n. chain. +shınjırlaw v. lock, lock up, shut up, enchain. +shınnan adv. indeed; really; ~da usındayma? can it be really true? +shını n. porcelain; china. +shınıǵıw I n. 1) exercise, drill; háreket penen ~ islew (shet tilinde aytılǵan buyrıqtı orınlaw) action drill; klasstaǵı ~ class drill; jazba jumıstan ~ dictation drill; grammatikalıq ~ grammar drill; xor menen (dawıslap) aytıw ~ı mass drill; awızsha ~ oral drill; gáplerdi bir-birine biriktiriw ~ı paired sentence drill; combination exercise; fonetikalıq ~ pronunciation drill; tez sóylew ~ı rapid oral drill; yadlaw ~ı rote drill; durıs jazıw ~ı (jazbadan ~) spelling drill; magnitofonǵa jazıwdan ~ taped pattern drill; sóz yadlawdan ~ word drill; ~ jumısı drill-work; ~ jumısı practice; klass ~ classroom practice; awızsha ~ oral practice; jazba ~ written practice.
II v. to train (oneself). +shınındada adv. really. +shıńǵırlatıw v. ring. +shıńǵırlaw v. ring; shıńǵır etiw to tinkle. +shıńǵırıw v. squeal (bala haqqında); screech, scream. +shıpa n. recovery, cure, medicinal treatment. +shıpalanıw v. q. emleniw. +shıpta n. mat. +shıra n. lamp. +shıray a. beauty. +shırashı n. lamp-lighter. +shırpı n. match. +shırrıq 1.a. foppish, dandified; dandy; 2. n. dandy, fop. +shırrıqlıq n. foppery, dandyism. +shırrıyıw v. 1) be a fop, be a dandy; cut a dash; taza kostyumda ~ to sport a new suit; 2) flaunt, parade, show off; make a show (parade) of. +shırıldaw I v. (sayraw) chirp, twitter; qattı ~ to give a loud chirp.
II n. chirping, twittering. +shırıldawıq n. whirligig (oyınshıq); top, humming-top. +shırja n. fir(tree). +shırınja n. zool. phylloxera. +shıt n. cotton print, calico (amer.). +shıtırlaw v. rustle. +shıtıw v. wrinkle; qabaq ~ to knit one's brows; knit one's frown.
+sheben n. road metal; gerbishtiń ~i broken brick. +shyotka n. brush; pol ~ broom. +shyotkalaw v. brush. +shi n. cabbage soup sg.; túrshik ~ sauerkraut soup. +ıǵal a. dampness, moisture. +ıǵallanıw v. get wet; <> ıǵal jeti júyirge ótiw get wet to the skin. +ıǵallı a. humid, damp; moist, wet. +ıǵbal n. fortune. +ıǵbalǵa adv. fortunately. +ıǵballı a. fortunate. +ıǵbalsız a. unfortunate, unhappy, fortuneless; ~ adam unfortunate. +ıǵbalsızlıq n. fiasco; unhappiness; ~ǵa ushıraw to come to grief. +ıǵıw I v. teń. drift.
II n. drift. +ıdıs n. plates and dishes pl.; ~lar ushın stol dresser; farfor ~ı china; tas ~ earthenware, crockery; temir ~ tin ware; asxana ~ı kitchen utensils pl.; chay~ tea-things pl. +ıdıraw n. decay. +ızalı a. angry. +ızǵar a. q. ıǵal. +ızǵırıq n. hiss. +ızǵırıw v. hiss. +ızıldaw v. hum, buzz. +ızıldı n. hum, buzz. +ızıń n. rumor. +ıyıq n. withers pl. +ıqlas n. 1) wish, desire; 2) diligence, assiduousness; application (to work); studiousness (ilimge). +ıqtırma n. 1) shutter; 2) cabin, hut, shack. +ıqtıyar n. will, intention; erkin ~ free will; bekkem ~ strong will; bir-nárseni islewge ~ı bolıw to have the will-power, yamasa the strength of will (mind), to do smth.; ~ ıńız it is in your power; ~ı menen of one's own free will, of one's own accord; ~sız against one's will; onıń ~ısız in spite of himself. +ıqtıyarlı 1.a. voluntary; free-will; voluntarily, of one's own will; ~ jámiyet 1 voluntary society; ~ baslama on (strictly) voluntary lines, on a (strictly) voluntary basis; 2. n. volunteer; 3. adv. ~ túrde voluntarily, of one's own accord, of one's own will. +ıqtıyarlılıq n. voluntariness. +ıqsham a. 1) tiny; 2) fine, pretty. +ılay n. 1) clay; 2) mud. +ılaylı a. muddy, miry, dirty. +ılayıq a. 1) worthy, deserving; húrmetke ~ deserving attention (consideration); worthy of note; 2) suitable; toppıńız júda ~ eken your skullcap fits you well; ~ettiriw to have smth. fitted on; 3) typical. +ılaq n. kid. +ılaqa ~ balıq n. sheat-fish. +ılaqtırıw v. 1. throw; shy; ılaqtırıp jiberiw to throw away, throw out, shy out, 2. n. casting, throwing; sport. nayza ~ javelin throwing; disk ~ discus throwing. +ılas a. dirty-faced; dirty. +ılaslanıw I v. become dirty; be soiled; be polluted.
II n. soiling; pollution (suw haqqında). +ılashıq n. hut; cabin. +ılǵal a. advanced, foremost; ~ pikirler advanced views; awıl xojalıq, sanaat ~ları foremost people in agriculture, industry. +ım n. hint, rebuke; oshaq basınıń jumısları tuwralı ~lasıw hints on housekeeping; sign, gesture; ~ qaǵıw to gesticulate; to drop a hint. +ım-isharat ~ etiw to hint; ~ penen with a hint. +ımlaw v. 1) beckon; hint, rebuke; 2) (dıqqatın awdarıw) attract. +ımırt n. twilight. +ınjıq 1. it. whim, caprice; 2. a. capricious. +ınjıqlıq n. caprice; ~ etiw to be capricious. +ıntıq 1. a. thirsty (for); craving (for, after); 2. n. wish (for), desire (for), longing (for), hunger (for); ~ bolıw to crave for. +ıńǵaylı a. easy; comfortable. +ıńqıldı n. moan, groan; sobbing. +ıńqıldaw v. moan, groan; sob. +ıńıldaw v. hum (ıńıldap qosıq aytıw). +ırazı a. satisfied (with); ~ bolıw to be satisfied with; to be glad, to agree; ~ qılıw, ~ etiw to satisfy. +ırazılıq n. agreement, satisfaction. +ırǵıttırıw v. throw, cast; nayza ~ to throw the javelin. +ırǵıw v. jump, leap, skip, caper; hop (bir ayaqlap); lope (qoyan haqqında); gallop, set off at a gallop (am haqqında); ırǵıp túsiw to jump down; ırǵıp miniw to jump into; ırǵıp shıǵıw to jump out; juwırıp kelip ~ running jump; ornında turıp ~ standing jump; joqarıǵa ~ the high jump; uzınına ~ the long jump; ırǵıp turıw to jump up; barınsha ~ to gallop at full speed. +ırza q. ırazı. +ırıq ~ beriw to agree. +ırıldaw v. bark. +ırıs n. 1) good fortune, luck, a piece of good fortune, a piece of good luck; 2) happiness; <> jaqsı sóz-jarım ırıs (Maqal) a good name is better than riches. +ırısqı n. q. napaqa. +ısqırıq n. whistle. +ısqırıw v. whistle. +ısrap n. extravagance, dissipation; ~ qılıw, ~ etiw to dissipate, to squander, to waste. +ıssı 1.n. heat, ardour; 2. a. hot; ardent; warm; cordial; ~ hawa rayı hot climate, torrid climate; ~ zona geogr. torrid zone; ~ eller tropical countries; 3. adv. it is hot; maǵan, saǵan ~ I am, you are, etc. hot; hotly. +ıssılıq n. warmth, heat. +ısıtıw I v. 1) warm, heat; 2) have a raised temperature (adam haqqında).
II n. heating. +ısıtpa n. med. fever. +ısıw v. 1) warm, heat, get warm; 2) grow warm. +ıshtan n. drawers pl.; pants pl. (pantaloons sózinen qısqartılǵan), shorts. +evakuaciya n. evacuation; ~ qılıw to evacuate. +evolyuciya n. evolution. +ekvator n. equator. +ekvatorial a. equatorial. +ekvivalent n. equivalent. +ekvilibrist n. rope-walker; equilibrist. +ekvilibristika n. rope-walking. +ekzaminator n. examiner. +ekzema n. med. eczema. +ekzemplyar n. copy; eki ~da in duplicate; úsh ~da in triplicate. +ekzotika n. exotic character. +ekipaj I n. carriage (kolyaska).
II n. crew; ship's crew; samolyot ~ı air crew. +ekonomika n. economics. +ekologiya n. ecology. +ekonomikalıq a. economical, thrifty; ~ siyasat economic policy. +ekonomist n. economist. +ekonomiya n. 1) economy; 2) economics; siyasiy ~ political economy. +ekonomka n. housekeeper. +ekosfera n. ecosphere. +ekran n. screen; televizor ~ı T.V. screen; kos. background; qorǵawshı ~ protective shield; suw ~ı water shield. +ekranlastırıw I v. screen; film a novel; make a screen version of a novel.
II n. screening, shielding. +ekskavator n. excavator; power shovel; ózi júretuǵın ~ walking excavator. +ekskursant n. excursionist. +ekskursiya n. 1) excursion; trip; outing; ~ǵa barıw to go on an excursion; qalaǵa ~ jasaw to make a tour of the city; 2) excursion party, tourist party. +ekspeditor n. forwarder; forwarding agent; filing-clerk. +ekspediciya n. 1) expedition; ilimiy ~ scientific expedition; research expedition; qutqarıwshı ~ rescue party; 2) dispatch office. +eksperiment n. experiment; ~tiń nátiyjesi experimental results; ~ jasaw 1) to experiment (on, with); 2) experimentation. +eksperimental a. experimental. +eksperimentator n. experimenter; experimentalist. +ekspert 1.n. expert; 2. a. ~ komissiyası commission of experts. +ekspertiza n. 1) examination; ~ qılıw to make an examination; ~dan ótiw to undergo an examination (by experts); ~nıń juwmaǵı results of examination pl.; 2) (komissiya) commission of experts; ~nıń pikiri opinion of a commission of experts, decision of a commission of experts. +ekspluatator n. exploiter. +ekspluataciya n. 1) exploitation; ~ qılıw to exploit; miynetti ~law to exploit labour; 2) exploiting; operation; running; exploitation; maintenance; ~ǵa beriw 1) to put into operation, to turn over for operation; 2) putting into operation; putting into commissioning; 3) to exploit, to operate, to run; to work; shaxtanı ~ǵa beriw to exploit a mine. +eksponat n. q. kórgizbe. +eksport n. export; ~ jasaw (qılıw) 1) to export; 2) exportation. +ekspress n. express. +ekspressivli a. expressive. +ekstrakt n. extract. +elastik 1.n. elasticity; 2. a. elastic. +elektr 1.n. electricity; electric light; ~di jaǵıw, óshiriw to turn on, to turn off the light; 2. a. electric(-al); ~ toǵı electric current; ~ jaqtısı electric lighting; ~ batareyası (electric) battery; ~ lampası electric bulb; ~ qońırawı electric bell; ~ sveti electric light; ~ temir jolı electric railway; ~ stanciyası (electric) power station; ~ mashinası electrical machine; ~ apparaturası n. electrical equipment; ~ ásbabı menen sawıw electric milking; ~ menen sawıw ásbabı electric milking machine. +elektrlestiriw I v. electrify.
II n. electrification. +elektrichka n. electric(al) train, electric railway. +elektrovoz n. electric locomotive. +elektrod n.fiz. electrode. +elektrodvigatel n. tex. electric motor. +elektrodinamika n. fiz. electrodynamics. +elektrokardiogramma n. med. electrocardiogram. +elektroliz n. fiz. electrolysis. +elektromagnit n. fiz. electromagnet. +elektromagnetizm n. electromagnetism. +elektromashina n. electric machine. +elektromexanik n. electrician. +elektromontyor n. electrician. +elektron n. fiz., el. electron. +elektrostanciya n. electro power station. +elektrotexnika n. fiz. electrical engineering. +elektroximiya n.xim., fiz. electrochemistry. +element n. element; el. cell; matematika ~leri the elements of mathematics; ~lerdiń dáwirlik sisteması the periodic system of elements; galvanik ~ el. galvanic pile; jámiyettiń progressiv ~i progressive members of society; kos. orbita ~leri elements of orbit. +elementar a. elementary, simple. +eliksir n. elixir; <> tirishilik ~i elixir of life. +ellips n.mat. ellipsis. +ellipsislik a. lingv., mat. elliptic(al). +emal 1.n. enamel; 2. a. enamel sg. +emblema 1.n. emblem; 2. a. emblematic(al). +embriolog n. embryologist. +embriologiya n. embryology. +embrion n.biol. embryo. +emigrant n. emigrant. +emigraciya n. emigration; emigrants pl. ~ jasaw to emigrate. +emocional a. a.x. emotional. +emociya n. emotion. +energetik n. power specialist, specialist in energetics. +energetika n. energetics. +energetikalıq a. power (attr.); ~ xojalıq power economy; ~ baza (electric) power base. +energiya n. energy; ~nı saqlaw zakonı conservation of energy; atomlıq ~ atomic energy; kinetikalıq ~ kinetic energy; ıssılıq ~sı thermal energy; ~nıń joǵalıwı tex. energy loss. +enciklopedik n. encyclopedic. +enciklopediya n. encyclopedia. +epakta n.astr. epact. +epigramma n. epigram. +epigraf n. epigraph. +epidemik n.med. epidemic. +epidemiya n. epidemic. +epizod n. episode. +epilog n. epilogue. +epicentr n.geol. epicentre. +epicikl n. epicycle. +epopeya n. epopee. +epos n. epos. +era n. 1) period; 2) era; biziń eramızdıń 700 jılında A.D. 700; eramızdan burınǵı 700-jılda 700 B.C. +eskadra n. squadron. +eskiz n. sketch, draft. +estetika a. aesthetics. +eston n. Estonian; ~ tili the Estonian language. +estrada n. 1.(maydan) estrade, stage, platform; (isskustvo túri) music-hall (yamasa variety) art; ~ artisti music-hall (yamasa variety) actor. +etaj n. floor; ekinshi ~da on the first floor. +etelen n.xim. ethylene. +etika n. ethics. +etil n. xim. ethyl. +etimologiya n. etymology. +etnografiya n. ethnography. +etnografiyalıq a. ethnographic(al). +etyud n. 1.study, sketch; 2. muz. etude, exercise. +efemerida n.astr. ephemeris. +efir n. 1. 1) ether; 2) xim. ether; ~ge aylandırıw etherify; ~diń payda bolıwı etherification; 2. a. xim. 1) ether; etheric; ~ mayı essential oils, volatile oils; 2) etherial. +effekt n. effect. +eshelon n. 1.esk. echelon; 2. train. +yuan n. (Qıtay aqsha birligi) yuan. +yubiley n. jubilee, anniversary; ~ ótkiziw, bayram qılıw to celebrate an anniversary, a jubilee. +yubilyar n. hero of an anniversary, hero of the day, hero of the jubilee. +yubka n. skirt. +yugoslav 1.n. Yugoslav; 2. a. Yugoslavian. +yulian ~ kalendarı Julian calendar. +yumor n. humour. +yumorist n. humo(u)rist. +yumorlıq a. humorous, comic; ~ jurnal comic paper; comic magazine. +yunesko n. UNESCO (United Nations Educational and Cultural Organization bilimlendiriw, ilim hám mádeniyat boyınsha Birlesken Milletler Shólkemi). +yupiter n., astr., mif. Jupiter; Jove; ~diń qızıl daǵı red spot of Jupiter. +yurisdikciya n. (sud júrgiziw huquqı) jurisdiction; ~ǵa iye bolıw to have jurisdiction over. +yuriskonsult n. jurisconsult, legal adviser. +yurisprudenciya n. (huquq ilimlerinic jıynaǵı) jurisprudence, (science of) law. +yurist n. lawyer. +yuristlik a. juridical; legal; juristical; ~ fakultet faculty of law, department of law; ~ ilim jurisprudence, (science of) law. +yusticiya n. justice; ~ ministrligi the Ministry of Justice. +yad n. memory; remembrance; mention; ~tan by heart; ~tan biliw to learn from memory; ~law to learn by heart; recollect. +yadlaw v. learn (study) by heart. +yadqa adv. by heart, from memory; qosıqtı ~ oqıw recite from memory. +yadro n. 1.kernel; 2. fiz. nucleus. +yaki q. yamasa. +yakor n. teń., tex. anchor; ~ taslaw cast (drop) anchor. +yakut n. Yakut; ~ tili the Yakut; the Yakut language. +yaqshı adv. very well, agreed, all right; O.K. (Okay) amer. +yamasa conj. or. +yanvar n. January; usı jıldıń ~ında in January; ótken jılı ~da last January; keyingi jılı ~da next January. +yapon Japanese; ~ tili the Japanese language. +yar n. sweetheart, beloved; darling, one's love. +yaran n. friend, comrade; mate. +yarmarka n. fair, market. +yarım 1.half; ~ jolda half way; ~ keshte (~ aqshamda) midnight; ~ aral peninsula; ~ shar hemisphere; ~ ay half-moon; ~ sutkalıq semidiurnal; semi satellite; 2. házir saat bes ~ now it is half past five. +yarımes 1.a. foolish, crocked; 2. n. fool. +yarımeslilik n. behaving like a fool; ~ etiw to lead the life of a fool; to play the fool. +yarımlıq a. half. +yawqıldaw v. shine, glitter.